moocChemistry and Society章节答案(mooc完整答案)

分类：公务员习题发布于：2024-06-02 14:07:37ė37142次浏览606条评论

moocChemistry and Society章节答案(mooc完整答案)

Chapter 1 The章整答 History of chemistry

Quiz of chapter 1

1、It is 节答generally believed that the year of chemistry was established in:
A、1869 AD
B、案m案1661 AD
C、章整答1829 AD
D、节答1680 AD
E、案m案1945AD

2、章整答Western alchemy originated from:
A、节答Ancient Greece
B、案m案Spain in ancient Europe
C、章整答Ancient Rome
D、节答Ancient Arabia

3、案m案Lavoisier is 章整答a famous French chemist in the 18th century. His main contributions include:
A、Invented electrolysis 节答technology
B、Propose the law of conservation of mass
C、案m案Discover the principle of oxidative combustion
D、Establish chemistry as a science

4、Bronze is an alloy of which of the following metals:
A、Fe
B、Cu
C、C
D、Pb
E、Sn
F、Al
G、Hg

5、The main contribution of chemist Gerusac is that he invented electrolysis technology and discovered active metals such as potassium, sodium and strontium.

6、Calcium soda glass has a higher melting point than lead barium glass.

7、In the second half of the 19th century, the chemists who discovered and proposed the periodic law of elements almost simultaneously were the French chemist Meyer and the Russian chemist Mendeleev.

8、The Swedish chemist Arrhenius first proposed to use the initial letter of the Latin name of the chemical element as the chemical element symbol.

9、The Italian chemist Avogadro solved the “half-atom difficulty” and proposed the molecular theory.

Assignment of the course

1、Choose one of the following topics you are most interested in and complete a short essay of not less than 500 words. Writing articles on every progress of human society is inseparable from the contribution of chemical science. Consult relevant information, list the sequence of element discovery, and analyze the reasons. Write a short paper, assumptive that all ore energy on the earth has been consumed, how human society will solve the problem of energy supply. If you were appointed as the Minister of Environmental Protection, how would you governance haze. The groundwater and surface water in a certain area are seriously polluted by heavy metal mercury. Can you suggest a reasonable treatment plan? Take zinc-manganese batteries and lithium-ion batteries as examples to explain the difference between rechargeable batteries and disposable batteries. Write a narration to describe the human condition in a society without synthetic polymers. Select a drug and refer to consulting relevant literature to explain which chemical reactions are involved in the synthesis of the medicine. What role do you think chemistry can play in solving the food safety problems of today's society?

Chapter 2. Elements

Quiz of chapter 2

1、Which of the following elements was discovered and used in modern times?
A、Gold
B、Oxygen
C、Lead
D、Tin
E、Carbon

2、Which mineral has the same chemical composition as malachite:
A、Black copper mine
B、Chalcocite
C、Bornite
D、Azurite

3、According to the Big Bang theory, which element can only be generated during the supernova explosion and slow process?
A、Helium
B、Sodium
C、Copper
D、Oxygen

4、In ancient China, people discovered and used a total of 9 elements, including non-metallic elements:
A、Carbon
B、Sulfur
C、Hydrogen
D、Nitrogen
E、Oxygen

5、Which of the following elements belong to “Metal Seven Treasures”?
A、Tin
B、Silver
C、Iron
D、Copper

6、The generation process of Na element nuclide is a process of energy release.

7、The generation process of silver element nuclide is a process of energy release.

8、In the fusion reaction of elements formed in the universe, carbon nuclei can be directly generated from helium nuclei.

9、Sodium metal was discovered by Bunsen by spectroscopic analysis.

10、According to the Big Bang theory, the first element formed in the universe is helium.

11、According to the latest research results of the Big Bang theory, the universe was first formed about 15 billion years ago.

12、The chemists who made the first spectrometer were Robert William Bunsen and Van der Hof.

Chapter 3. Energy

Quiz of chapter 3

1、Compared with thermal power generation, which of the following options is not the advantage of nuclear power generation?
A、High fuel energy density
B、Little impact on the environment
C、Can be built in special areas such as mountains and deserts with inaccessible traffic
D、No CO, CO2, NOx, SO2 and other harmful gas emissions

2、Which of the following options is not a direct product of petroleum refining?
A、Kerosene
B、Gasoline
C、Shale oil
D、Diesel

3、Which is the largest proportion of China’s primary energy consumption structure in 2003 and 2013?
A、Renewable energy
B、Petroleum
C、Nuclear power
D、Coal

4、Which of the following energy sources is not traditional fossil energy sources?
A、Petroleum
B、Coal
C、Hydrogen energy
D、Natural gas

5、The nuclear fission reaction and the nuclear fusion reaction are both chain reactions.

6、Oxygen bomb is an instrument used to determine the energy released by chemical reactions.

7、Element 109 was named Meitnerium in honor of Lise · Meitner.

8、The form of microscopic motion of matter corresponding to chemical energy is the motion of molecules.

Chapter 4. Atmospheric Environment

Quiz of chapter 4

1、Which of the following places has the highest content of negative oxygen ions?
A、Underground parking
B、Beside the forest and waterfall
C、By the artificial lake
D、Small garden in residential area

2、If humans breathe clean air, whose percentage does not change during the inhaled and exhaled air?
A、Ar
B、N2
C、CO2
D、H2O

3、The air quality index is represented by the symbol ______. When the value is 26, the air quality status is ____________
A、AQI; good
B、AQI; slight pollution
C、AQI; excellent
D、API; excellent

4、The sign of photochemical smog pollution is an increase in the concentration of ____________; after a photochemical smog pollution event, the pollutants __________ have a stimulating effect on the human respiratory tract and eyes.
A、Nitrogen oxides; carbon oxides
B、Nitrogen oxides; PAN
C、Ozone; sulfur oxides
D、Ozone; PAN

5、The wavelength of ultraviolet light in sunlight is larger than the wavelength of X-ray.

6、The ozone layer in the atmosphere is located in the middle of the stratosphere.

7、As the altitude increasing, the atmospheric pressure becomes smaller.

8、Photochemical reactions can be caused by absorbing photons such a molecules, atoms, free radicals, etc..

Chapter 5. Water and aqueous solution

Quiz of chapter 5

1、Which of the following options has nothing to do with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules?
A、Water is colorless
B、The specific heat capacity of water is larger
C、The density of ice is less than water
D、The boiling point of water is higher than the theoretical boiling point

2、Clean and humid air will also show weak acidity, which of the following substances dissolved in water causing this phenomenon?
A、Sulfur dioxide
B、Nitric oxide
C、Carbon dioxide
D、Nitrogen dioxide

3、In the water purification process of the water purification plant, the precipitant used in the sedimentation tank is:
A、Aluminum hydroxide
B、Sodium hydroxide
C、Magnesium hydroxide
D、Calcium hydroxide

4、Which of the following properties have nothing to do with the dependence of the aqueous solution?
A、The vapor pressure of the aqueous solution drops
B、The freezing point of the aqueous solution decreases
C、Different cations in aqueous solution show different colors
D、The boiling point of the aqueous solution rises

5、If there is no hydrogen bonding effect, the boiling point of water will be higher than 100 ℃.

6、In natural mineral water, the anions are mainly sulfate and chloride ions; the cations are mainly calcium and magnesium ions.

7、The reason why the density of ice is less than that of water can also explain that the specific heat capacity of water is relatively large.

8、The main sources of acid rain are atmospheric pollutants SO2 and NO2.

Chapter 6. Chemical battery

Quiz of chapter 6

1、Which of the following substances cannot be used as electrode material?
A、Plastic rod
B、Silver rod
C、Zinc rod
D、Copper rod

2、Which of the following options is not an advantage of lithium ion batteries?
A、No memory effect
B、High battery voltage, up to 3.7-3.8V
C、High temperature resistance, can work in cold and hot environment
D、Large specific energy

3、Among the following batteries, which one belongs to the primary battery?
A、Nickel-cadmium battery
B、Lead-acid battery
C、Zinc-manganese dry battery
D、Ni-MH battery

4、Among the following batteries, which one is the most severe and harmful to the environment?
A、Nickel-cadmium battery
B、Lithium battery
C、Lithium ion battery
D、Ni-MH battery

5、In zinc-manganese dry batteries, the positive reaction occurs on the zinc shell of the battery.

6、The difference between the saturated calomel electrode and the standard calomel electrode is the concentration of the potassium chloride solution.

7、In standard hydrogen electrodes, graphite rods with a large specific surface area are used as electrode conductors。

8、Leiden bottle which was prepared in 1746, was the first chemical battery。