mooc植物生理学（全英文）章节答案(慕课2023完整答案)

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Plant Cells

TEST 1

1、植物章节Which of the following tissue system is 生理NOT one of the three major tissue systems in plants?
A、Meristem tissue
B、学全Ground tissue
C、英文Dermal tissue
D、答案答案Vascular tissue

2、慕课Which of the following types of ground tissue has the THICKEST cell walls?完整
A、Parenchyma
B、植物章节Collenchyma
C、生理Sclerenchyma
D、学全None

3、英文Lateral roots arise from ( )?答案答案
A、Pericycle
B、慕课Vascular cambium
C、完整Endodermis
D、植物章节Epidermis

4、Which of the following statements about plant structure is CORRECT?
A、Root hair is made of dermal tissues.
B、Secondary cell walls are deposited outside of primary cell walls.
C、Pericycle in roots is equivalent to vascular cambium in stems.
D、None.

5、Place the following steps of DNA packaging in proper order: I. Chromatin fiber II. Condensed chromatin III. DNA double helix IV. Looped domains V. Nucleosomes
A、III, V, I, IV, II.
B、III, V, IV, I, II.
C、III, I, V, IV, II.
D、I, III, V, IV, II

6、Which of the following statements about plant structure is correct?
A、Lateral roots arise from epidermis.
B、Secondary cell walls are deposited outside of primary cell walls.
C、The pith in stems is made of vascular tissues.
D、Root hair is made of dermal tissues.

7、Which of the following statements about plant classification is WRONG?
A、Chloroplasts in plants and green algae contain chlorophyll a and b and β-carotene.
B、Plants share the evolutionarily derived traits for surviving on land that are absent in algae.
C、Mosses, hornworts, liverworts, and ferns are nonvascular plants.
D、Magnolia and its relatives, monocots, and eudicots are flowering plants (i.e., angiosperms).

8、Which of the following statements about plastids is CORRECT?
A、The chloroplast is one type of chromoplasts because it contains a high concentration of chlorophyll pigment.
B、Chloroplast division is independent of nuclear division; therefore, the chloroplast does not require nuclear-encoded proteins to divide.
C、Both chloroplasts and amyloplasts can accumulate starch.
D、None.

9、Which of the following processes does NOT take place in the nucleus?
A、Transcription
B、Ribosome synthesis
C、Translation
D、DNA replication

10、Which of the following statements about plant organelles is CORRECT?
A、The recycling of membrane vesicles - from the plasma membrane to the Golgi, from the trans to the cis face of the Golgi, or from the Golgi to the ER - is called anterograde movement through the endomembrane system.
B、Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes found in oil-rich storage tissues of seeds in which fatty acids are oxidized.
C、Microfilaments have a bigger diameter than microtubules.
D、The minus ends of microtubules or microfilaments tend to be more active in growth than the plus ends.

Genome Organization and Gene Expression

TEST 2

1、Which of the following statements about nuclear genome organization is CORRECT?
A、Nucleolar organizer regions are portions of chromosomes where ribosomal RNA genes are clustered and transcribed.
B、Centromeres are sequences located at the ends of each chromosome.
C、Telomeres are where sister chromatids adhere to each other and where spindle fibers attach during cell division.
D、Chromosome organization is random in the interphase nucleus.

2、Which of the following statements about transposons is CORRECT?
A、Transposons are mobile sequences within the genome.
B、DNA transposons make an RNA copy of themselves, which is then reversetranscribed into DNA before it is inserted in the genome.
C、Retrotransposons move from one position to another using a cut-and-paste mechanism catalyzed by transposase.
D、None.

3、Which of the following statements about polyploids is CORRECT?
A、If polyploidy is restricted to somatic tissues, the terminology used to describe this state is endopolyploidy.
B、Allopolyploids contain multiple complete genomes of a single species.
C、Autopolyploids contain multiple complete genomes derived from two or more separate species.
D、Autopolyploids are always larger than their diploid progenitors.

4、Which of the following statements about plant cytoplasmic genomes is WRONG?
A、The origin of mitochondria is considered as an oxygen-using bacterium engulfed by another prokaryotic organism.
B、The origin of chloroplasts is considered as a photosynthetic cyanobacterium engulfed by a eukaryotic cell.
C、Mitochondrial inheritance is usually paternal in the majority of the plants.
D、Both mitochondria and plastids generally show uni-parent inheritance.

5、Which of the following statements about features of a typical eukaryotic core promoter is CORRECT?
A、Enhancers must be located upstream from the promoter.
B、Repressors are trans-acting transcription factors that repress gene expression.
C、Activators are cis-acting transcription factors that activate gene expression.
D、None.

6、Which of the following is NOT considered as a source of double-stranded RNAs in plant cells?
A、The presence of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are involved in normal developmental processes.
B、The production of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which silence certain genes.
C、The introduction of foreign RNAs, either by viral infection or via transformation by a foreign gene.
D、DNA replication.

7、Which of the following statements about protein degradation process is WRONG?
A、In chloroplasts, protein turnover involves ubiquitination and 26S proteasome.
B、Ubiquitination is initiated by ATP-dependent adenylylation of ubiquitin. This step is catalyzed by ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1.
C、After adenylylation, ubiquitin is transferred to ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2.
D、Ubiquitin ligase E3 transfers ubiquitin to a target protein, which may be polyubiquitinated.
E、The polyubiquitinated protein is then targeted to the 26S proteasome for degradation.

8、Which of the following is NOT a type of epigenetic modification?
A、DNA methylation
B、Histone methylation
C、Histone acetylation
D、Ubiquitination

Water and Plant Cells

TEST 3

1、Which of following statements about water loss and usage by plants is CORRECT?
A、The uptake of CO2 is coupled to the loss of water through a common diffusional pathway.
B、In the case of cacti, water is lost preferentially from outer layer during drought.
C、A small amount of the water absorbed by roots is lost by transpiration from the leaf surfaces.
D、The majority of the water absorbed by roots either remains in the plant to supple growth, or it is consumed in the biochemical reactions.

2、Which of the following is NOT a property of water that makes water an excellent solvent?
A、Water molecules are of small size.
B、Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds.
C、Water molecules are nonpolar.
D、None

3、Which of the following statements about the structure and properties of water is WRONG?
A、Water has high specific heat capacity.
B、Water has high latent heat of vaporization.
C、Water molecules are highly cohesive.
D、Water has a low tensile strength.

4、Which of the following statements about the surface tension of water is WRONG?
A、Compared to other liquids at the same temperature, water has an extremely high surface tension.
B、If the air-water interface is curved, surface tension produces a net force perpendicular to the interface.
C、“Wettable” surfaces have contact angles of greater than 90°; “nonwettable” surfaces have contact angles of less than 90°
D、None

5、Which of the following statements about the structure and properties of water is WRONG?
A、Cohesion is the mutual attraction between water molecules due to extensive hydrogen bonding.
B、Adhesion is the attraction of water to a solid phase such as a cell wall or glass surface, primarily due to the formation of hydrogen bonds.
C、Gravity gives rise to capillarity.
D、None.

6、Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A、Plant cells typically have a positive water potential.
B、Diffusion is most effective over long distances.
C、A plant wilts when the turgor pressure inside the cells of such tissues falls toward zero.
D、None.

7、Which of the following statements about aquaporins is CORRECT?
A、Aquaporins may alter (i.e., increase) the rate of water movement across the membrane.
B、Aquaporins are pumps, not channels.
C、Aquaporins may carry out active transport of water across the membrane.
D、None.

8、Which of the following physiological processes is most sensitive to water deficits?
A、Photosynthesis
B、Phloem transport
C、Protein synthesis
D、Cell expansion

Water Balance of Plants

TEST 4

1、Which of the following is NOT considered as a major driving force for water flow from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere?
A、Difference in water vapor concentration between leaf and air, responsible for the diffusion of water vapor from the leaf to the air.
B、Difference in hydrostatic pressure, responsible for the bulk flow of water through xylem.
C、Difference in water potential, responsible for the movement of water across the living cells in the roots.
D、Elevation of the plant.

2、Which of the following statements about water absorption by roots is CORRECT?
A、In the symplastic pathway, water moves through cell walls and extracellular spaces without crossing any membranes as it travels across the root cortex.
B、In the apoplastic pathway, water travels across the root cortex via the plasmodesmata.
C、In the transmembrane pathway, water crosses the plasma membrane of each cell in its path twice (once on entering and once on exiting).
D、None.

3、Where is the Casparian strip located?
A、Endodermis
B、Pericycle
C、Cortex
D、Epidermis

4、Pressure-driven bulk flow is NOT responsible for:
A、Most of the water flow through the soil.
B、Most of the water flow through the cell wall of plant tissues.
C、Diffusion through living cells.
D、Long distance transport of water in the xylem.

5、Which of the following statements about water transport through the xylem is WRONG?
A、Tracheids have perforation plates.
B、Vessel elements tend to be shorter and wider than tracheids.
C、In conifers, lodged torus prevents gas bubbles from spreading into neighboring tracheids.
D、Vessel elements are found in most angiosperms, and are lacking in most gymnosperms.

6、Which of the following conditions will cause stomata opening?
A、At night, when there is no photosynthesis.
B、Sunny morning, but the plant is dehydrated.
C、Sunny morning, when the supply of water is abundant.
D、None.

7、Which of the following statements about the hydraulic resistance of leaf is WRONG?
A、Leaves with closely spaced veins tend to have lower hydraulic resistance.
B、Older leaves and leaves in shade tend to have higher hydraulic resistance.
C、In general, the upper epidermis of a leaf has more stomata.
D、None.

8、Which of the following statements about guard cells is WRONG?
A、In grasses, guard cells have a characteristic dumbbell shape, with bulbous ends.
B、In dicots and nongrass monocots, guard cells are kidney-shaped.
C、A decrease in guard cell turgor pressure opens the stomata.
D、None.

9、The best light for stomatal opening is
A、Red
B、Yellow
C、Green
D、Blue

10、During high wind velocity, the stomata of plants
A、Remain open
B、Close down
C、Open more widely
D、Remain unaffected

11、The most important factor in stomatal opening in the plant is
A、Protein percentage of sap
B、Shape of guard cells
C、Hormone content of cell
D、Chlorophyll content in cell

12、In plant ______ is responsible for guttation
A、Root pressure
B、Photosynthesis
C、Transpiration
D、Osmosis

Mineral Nutrition

TEST 5

1、Which of the following is the key property of group 4 plant mineral nutrients?
A、They are involved in redox reactions.
B、They are important in energy storage or structural integrity.
C、They remain in ionic form.
D、None.

2、Which of the following growth system requires high levels of nutrients to sustain rapid plant growth and is NOT a widely used technique?
A、Aeroponic growth system
B、Hydroponic growth system
C、Nutrient film growth system
D、None

3、Which of the following statements about modified Hoagland solution is WRONG?
A、Nitrogen supplements as both ammonium and nitrate is beneficial to the plants because it promotes cation-anion balances within the plant.
B、A chelating agent is added to maintain the availability of iron to the plants.
C、The concentrations of mineral elements in the solution are much lower than those found in the soil around plant roots.
D、None.

4、The most abundant element amongst the following as found in plants is
A、Carbon
B、Nitrogen
C、Iron
D、Manganese

5、Magnesium is an important component of
A、Enzymes
B、Florigen
C、Chlorophyll
D、Hemoglobin

6、Absorption of water and minerals take place in which part of root?
A、Root cap tip
B、Root hairs
C、Root epidermis
D、Root endodermis

7、Which element is essential for activating the enzyme but not a part of enzyme?
A、Mn
B、Mg
C、K
D、Co

Solute Transport

TEST 6

1、Passive absorption of minerals depends upon
A、temperature
B、humidity
C、metabolic inhibitor
D、temperature and metabolic inhibitor

2、Manganese is required for
A、chlorophyll syntheisis
B、nucleic acid synthesis
C、plant cell formation
D、Photolysis of water during photosynthesis

3、In which method ions are absorbed by plants
A、By carriers and pumps
B、By carriers method
C、By difference in DPD
D、By molecular diffusion

4、Which of the following is not performed by root hairs?
A、Water uptake
B、Oxygen uptake
C、Mineral uptake
D、CO2

5、Bidirectional translocation of minerals takes place in
A、Xylem
B、Phloem
C、Parenchyma
D、Cambium

6、The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
A、carbohydrates
B、lipids
C、bilipids
D、proteins

7、Which of the following is an example of primary active transport?
A、
B、
C、
D、

8、The principal intracellular cation is
A、Na+
B、Ca+
C、K+
D、Cl-

9、The sodium pump:
A、exchanges extracellular Na+ from intracellular K+
B、is an ion channel
C、is important for maintaining a constant cell volume
D、can only be inhibited by metabolic poisons

10、Which of the following transport induces conformational change in protein?
A、Simple diffusion
B、Active transport
C、Facilitated diffusion
D、Ion driven active transport

11、Na+ glucose transporter is an example of
A、facilitated diffusion
B、ATP driven active transport
C、symport
D、antiport

Light and Photosynthesis

TEST 7

1、Photosynthetically active radiation wavelength ranging from
A、340 nm - 450 nm
B、200 nm - 300 nm
C、400 nm - 700 nm
D、640 nm - 650 nm

2、Which is immediate electron donor to PSI?
A、Plastocyanin
B、Plastometheonin
C、Ferredoxinin
D、Both B and C

3、Absorption of light take place during photosynthesis
A、Photosystem-I only
B、Photosystem-II only
C、Photosystem-I and Photosystem-II
D、None of the above

4、Hill reaction take place in Granna formed
A、ATP and NADPH2 both
B、NADPH2
C、ADP
D、All of the above

5、Photosynthesis is most active and fast in
A、Blue light
B、White light
C、Red light
D、UV light

6、Photosynthetic yield will be maximum in
A、Yellow light
B、Intermittent white light
C、Continuous blue light
D、Red light

7、Cytochromes help in plant growth, which is reacts with O2 in electron transport system
A、Cyt. a3
B、Cyt. b3
C、Cyt. c3
D、Cytf

8、In photosynthesis oxygen is considered as?
A、Main product.
B、By product.
C、Waste product.
D、None of the above.

9、Hill reaction take place in
A、Grana.
B、Grana of chloroplast.
C、Stroma.
D、None of the above.

10、Which element is located at the centre of the porphyrin ring in chlorophyll?
A、Calcium
B、Magnesium
C、Potassium
D、Manganese

Photosynthesis - The Carbon Reactions

TEST 8

1、Acid concentration in CAM plants is more of
A、Night
B、Down
C、Dunk
D、Daytime

2、The characteristics of C4 plants is
A、First product oxaloacetic acid
B、Carboxylating enzymes are PEPco and Rubisco
C、Krans anatomy
D、All of these

3、Stomata open at night but close during day time in which plants?
A、Xerophytes
B、Mesophytes
C、Succulents
D、Both A and B

4、In C4 pathway,
A、O2 combine with PGA
B、CO2 combine with PEP
C、CO2 combine with RMP
D、All of the above

5、Dark reaction of photosynthesis occurs in
A、Stomata
B、Stroma and matrix
C、Stroma
D、Granna

6、In C4 plants first CO2 acceptor is
A、Oxaloacetic acid
B、Phosphoenol-pyruvate
C、Oxalo butaric acid
D、Pyruvic acid

7、Calvin cycle involves reductive carboxylation occurs in
A、Chloroplast
B、Cytochrom
C、Peroxisome
D、Cytoplasm

8、All the following enzymes are involved in regeneration of RuBP except
A、Phosphoglycerate kinase
B、Transketolase
C、Ribose phosphate isomerase
D、Phosphoribulokinase

9、Which of the following is the correct statement regarding Calvin Cycle?
A、It cannot occur during day time
B、It is light dependent
C、It is light independent
D、It occurs rapidly at night

10、The rate limiting step of Calvin Cycle is catalyzed by
A、RuBisCO
B、Phosphoglycerate kinase
C、Ribose phosphate isomerase
D、Transketolase

Photosynthesis Physiological and Ecological Considerations

TEST 9

1、Which plant is solar tracking plants?
A、Alfalfa
B、Cotton
C、Soybean
D、All of the above

2、What did FACE experiments show?
A、C3 plants are more responsive to elevated [CO2] than are C4 plants.
B、C4 plants are more responsive to elevated [CO2] than are C3 plants.
C、C3 plants are equal responsive to elevated [CO2] than are C4 plants.
D、None of the above

3、Capability of fixing the CO2 lost in respiration is found in .
A、C4 plants
B、C3 plants
C、CAM plants
D、All of the above

4、Maximum solar energy is trapped by .
A、planting trees
B、cultivating crops
C、growing algae in tanks
D、growing grasses

5、In general, a plant most likely to survive in area where temperature is high, relative humidity is low an wind prevalent, would have leaves.
A、large and broad
B、large intercellular air spaces
C、reduced palisade tissue
D、small and narrow

6、Which statement is true about chloroplast movement?
A、Under high light, the chloroplasts move to the cell surfaces that parallel to the incident light.
B、Under low light, the chloroplasts move to the cell surfaces that parallel to the incident light.
C、Under high light, chloroplasts gather at the cell surfaces parallel to the plane of the leaf.
D、None of the above.

7、Which statement is true about leaf anatomy from a legume grown in different light environments?
A、The sun leaf is much thicker than the shade leaf.
B、The shade leaf is much thicker than the sun leaf.
C、The sun leaf is as thick as the shade leaf.
D、None of the above.

8、In sun plants, the light compensation point is usually than it is in shade plants?
A、equal
B、higher
C、lower
D、None of the above

9、In shade plants, the maximal photosynthetic rates are usually than they are in sun plants?
A、equal
B、higher
C、lower
D、None of the above

10、In C3 plants, the CO2 compensation point is usually than it is in C4 plants?
A、equal
B、more
C、less
D、None of the above

Translocation in the Phloem

TEST 10

1、The long-distance transport of photosynthate from one region to another in higher plants is called .
A、xylem translocation
B、phloem translocation
C、apoplast
D、symplast

2、All the following are ‘sink’ except .
A、fruit
B、seed
C、leaves
D、rhizome

3、Which of the following is a ‘source’?
A、Green parts
B、Fruit
C、Tubers
D、Seed

4、The movement of photosynthate through phloem is always .
A、from source to sink
B、from sink to source
C、bi directional
D、none of these

5、The process of transferring sugar formed in mesophyll cells to sieve tubes of phloem is called .
A、photosynthate transfer
B、source-sink transfer
C、phloem loading
D、phloem unloading

6、Phloem unloading occurs .
A、from low concentration to high concentration
B、with concentration gradient
C、against concentration gradient
D、remains same

7、Phloem loading is the transfer of sugar from .
A、source to sink
B、leaves to sieve tubes
C、fruits to seed
D、all of the above

8、All the following statements are false regarding phloem loading except .
A、Phloem loading is from phloem cells to leaves
B、Phloem loading occurs in concentration gradient
C、Phloem loading is an active process
D、Phloem loading is from sink to source

9、The process of transferring sugar from sieve tubes to sink is called .
A、photosynthate transfer
B、source sink transfer
C、phloem loading
D、phloem unloading

10、According to Mass flow hypothesis, mass flow of solute from source to sink is due to .
A、concentration gradient
B、tugor pressure gratient
C、osmosis
D、osmosis and diffusion

Assimilation of Mineral Nutrients

TEST 11

1、Nitrate reductase system in which element is major component?
A、Mo
B、N
C、H
D、None of the above

2、In leguminous plants leghemoglobin protects _____ activity.
A、Nitrogenase
B、Protiase
C、Nitrate reductase
D、Both A and B

3、In Nitrogen fixation and metabolism which element is play major role?
A、Mn
B、B
C、Mg
D、Mo

4、Main source of elements for nitrate reductase is ferredoxin which is present in ______.
A、Endoplasmic reticulum
B、Mitochondria
C、Chloroplasts
D、Golgi complex

5、Nitrobacter convert NO2 into NO3 in process.
A、Reduction
B、Oxidation
C、Both A and B
D、None of the above

6、The enzyme responsible for atmospheric nitrogen fixation is _____.
A、nitrogenase
B、amylase
C、nitrogenase and amylase
D、lemda nitrogenage

7、Nodule formation of legume roots is reduced during deficiency of _____.
A、S and B
B、N
C、K
D、Cl

8、Nitrification process is done by _____.
A、Rhizobium
B、Pseudomonas
C、B. bassiana
D、Nitrococcus

9、Nitrate reductase system in which element is major component?
A、Mo
B、N
C、H
D、None of the above

10、Absorption of water and minerals take place in which part of root?
A、Root cap tip
B、Root hairs
C、Root epidermis
D、Root endodermis

Growth and Development

TEST 12

1、Mowing grass lawn facilities better maintenance because .
A、wounding stimulates regeneration
B、removal of apical dominance and stimulation of intercalary meristem
C、removal of apical dominance
D、removal of apical dominance and promotion of lateral meristem

2、Auxin inhibits the growth of .
A、apical bud
B、lateral axillary bud
C、Roots on stem cutting
D、Parthenocarpic development of fruits

3、Growth is a .
A、reversible increase in size
B、reversible increase in shape
C、irreversible increase in size
D、none of the above

4、Plant response to environment is mainly through .
A、Induction of dormancy
B、Abscission of parts
C、Synthesis of pigments
D、Growth

5、Which one regulates plant growth?
A、Commensalism
B、Climate
C、Hormones
D、Both B and C

6、Which one is not a growth promoter?
A、ABA
B、GA
C、IAA
D、CTK

7、Optimum growth occurs in .
A、Blue light
B、White light
C、Red light
D、Green light

8、Growth promoters hormones are
A、IAA, ABA and CK
B、IAA, GA and ABA
C、IAA, GA and CK
D、ABA, CK and GA

9、Removal of apical bud makes the plant .
A、Bushy
B、Grow rapidly
C、Grow slowly
D、Dormant

10、Delay in senescence is caused by the spray of .
A、IBA
B、GA
C、Cytokinin
D、ABA

Phytochrome and Light Control of Plant Development

TEST 13

1、Which one increases in the absence of light?
A、uptake of minerals
B、uptake of water
C、elongation of internodes
D、ascent of sap

2、If a plant is kept inside a room with continuous red light exposure, what will be the effect of it on its phytochrome?
A、A balance between destruction and synthesis levels.
B、An increase in synthesis levels.
C、A decrease in synthesis levels.
D、Complete destruction of phytochome.

3、Darkness leads to yellowing even to the healthiest of plants. What is this event called?
A、Chlorosis
B、Phototropism
C、Dormancy
D、Etiolation

4、The compound responsible for red and far-red reversible photoperiodic reaction is .
A、cytokinin
B、phytochrome
C、cytochrome
D、anthocyanin

5、If a brief flash of light is provided during dark period to the plant that required a short day then the plant is likely .
A、to flower
B、not to flower
C、to have no effect
D、produces more flowers

6、In many plants, change over from vegetative phase to reproductive phase takes in response to .
A、the length of the day
B、the severity of temperature
C、mainly the food material available in the soil
D、the oxygen present in the air

7、The pre-sowing low temperature treatment of seeds is known as .
A、scarification
B、electrophoresis
C、vernalizaion
D、abscission

8、The pigment that absorb the red and far-red light in plant is .
A、cytochrome
B、xanthophylls
C、phytochrome
D、caratene

9、The wavelengh absorbed by Pr form of photochrome is .
A、640 nm
B、660 nm
C、720 nm
D、740 nm

10、Which of the following statements is correct?
A、The two forms of the phytochrome are photochemically inconvertible
B、The Pfr form converts to Pr form slowly in darkness
C、The dark conversion of Pfr and Pr form appears to be restricted to the dicotyledons only
D、All of the above

Blue-Light Responses

TEST 14

1、The most effective wavelength in inducing phototrophic moments is .
A、red and far red
B、blue and red
C、blue and violet
D、green and yellow

2、Which one is the wavelength range of blue light?
A、300-400 nm
B、400-500 nm
C、500-600 nm
D、600-700 nm

3、What does blue light do other than photosynthesis?
A、Phototropism
B、Stimulates stomatal opening
C、Chloroplast movements within cells
D、All of the above

4、What does blue light do other than photosynthesis?
A、Phototropism
B、Stimulates stomatal openning
C、Chloroplast movements within cells
D、All of the above

5、House plants placed near a window have branches that grow toward the incoming light. This response is called .
A、phototropism
B、photosynthesis
C、photomorphosis
D、None of the above

6、The ‘three-finger’ pattern in the 400 to 500 nm region is characteristic of specific light responses.
A、blue
B、red
C、far-red
D、None of the above

7、The ‘ -finger’ pattern in the 400 to 500 nm region is characteristic of specific blue light responses.
A、one
B、two
C、three
D、four

8、The ‘three-finger’ pattern in the region is characteristic of specific blue light responses.
A、300 to 400 nm
B、400 to 500 nm
C、500 to 600 nm
D、600 to 700 nm

9、There are types of photoreceptors associcated with blue-light responses.
A、two
B、three
C、four
D、five

10、Zeaxanthin is a photoreceptor in guard cells.
A、blue light
B、red light
C、far-red -light
D、None of the above

Auxin

TEST 15

1、What causes a green plant to bend towards light as it grows?
A、Because green plants need light to carry on photosynthesis
B、Because green plants are phototropic
C、Auxin accumulates on shaded side stimulating greater cell elongation
D、Light stimulate plant cells on the lighted side to grow faster

2、Indole 3-acetic acid is chemically similar to be aminoacid .
A、Proline
B、Methionine
C、Phenylalanine
D、Tryptophan

3、The natural occurring in higher plant is _________.
A、IAA
B、IBA
C、NAA
D、IBA and NAA

4、Polar translocation of plant hormone found in ______.
A、Auxin
B、GA
C、Cytokinin
D、Zeatin

5、Hormone involve in phototropism is _________.
A、IAA
B、GA
C、Kinetin
D、Cytokinin

6、Leaves fall due to .
A、A decrease in Abscisic acid.
B、An increase in Auxin levels.
C、A shortage of Auxin level.
D、An increase in Gibberellin.

7、An infusion of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) acid causes in plant bodies.
A、Senescence delay.
B、Increase in the branch sizes, without affecting other parts.
C、Increased growth throughout every part.
D、Bolting

8、Statement 1 - Apical dominance is promoted via auxins by suppression in the growth of lateral buds. Statement 2 - Shoot tips are periodically pruned to make mulberry plants bushier. Which statement is correct?
A、Both statements are correct.
B、Only Statement 1 is correct.
C、Only Statement 2 is correct.
D、Both Statements are wrong.

9、Which plant part is known for its highest concentration of auxins?
A、At the base of plant organs.
B、Xylem and Phloem.
C、Growing tips.
D、Shoots and roots.

10、Coleoptile is the phenomenon due to which stems and shoots of plants bend towards a source of light. This is due to .
A、Availability of the necessary amount of warmth to tips.
B、Greater light availability.
C、More auxin on the shaded side.
D、Greater oxygen availability.

Gibberellin

TEST 16

1、Cell elongation in internodal regions of the green plants takes place due to .
A、Cytokinins
B、Ethylene
C、Gibberellins
D、Indole acetic acid

2、Dwarfness of the plant can be control by _____.
A、IAA
B、ETH
C、GA
D、IBA

3、Gibberellins promote .
A、seed germination
B、seed dormancy
C、leaf fall
D、root elongation

4、A particular plant acid promotes malting in breweries. Which one of them is it?
A、Gibberellic Acid
B、Kinetin
C、Ethylene
D、Auxin

5、Gibberellins was named after a fungus called .
A、Gibberella fujikuroi
B、Gibberella gaditijirrii
C、Gibberella acuminata
D、Gibberella africana

6、Gibberellins are chemically .
A、phenolic derivatives
B、terpenoid derivatives
C、Adenine derivatives
D、Alkaloid derivatives

7、All are functions of gibberellins except .
A、Promote cell elongation
B、Promote dormancy
C、Promote elongation of internodes
D、Promotes parthenocarpic fruit formation

8、Which of the following bioassay is used t

Introduction

Plant physiology is a branch of biology that studies the functioning of plants at the cellular and molecular level. In China, the study of plant physiology is an important research field in universities, and many research institutions have been established to study plant physiology.

History of Chinese Plant Physiology

The history of plant physiology in China can be traced back to more than 2000 years ago. In ancient China, people observed the growth and development of plants and used them for medical purposes. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of using plant extracts to treat diseases.

In the 20th century, the study of plant physiology in China started to develop rapidly. In 1928, the first plant physiology laboratory was established in the Biology Department of Peking University. In 1956, the Chinese Society of Plant Physiology was founded.

The Current State of Plant Physiology in China

Today, there are many universities in China that have strong research programs in plant physiology. These universities include Peking University, Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University, and Fudan University. These universities have established research institutions and laboratories that focus on different aspects of plant physiology, including photosynthesis, plant hormone signaling, and stress responses.

One of the major research areas in plant physiology in China is the study of plant response to stress. China has a large population and limited arable land, so it is important to develop crops that can withstand environmental stresses such as drought, high temperature, and salinity. Researchers in China are using tools such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to identify genes and proteins that are involved in stress responses in plants.

Contributions of Chinese Plant Physiologists

Chinese plant physiologists have made many important contributions to the field. For example, in the 1960s, Chinese researchers discovered that plants can increase their yield by exogenously applying gibberellins, a class of plant hormones that promote growth. This discovery had a significant impact on agricultural production worldwide.

In recent years, Chinese researchers have made significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant hormone signaling. For example, Chinese researchers have discovered the mechanism by which the plant hormone brassinosteroid regulates cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. This discovery has important implications for the development of crops with improved yield and biomass.

Conclusion

Plant physiology in China has a long and rich history, and today, Chinese researchers are making important contributions to the field. As China continues to face environmental challenges related to climate change, the study of plant physiology will be increasingly important for the development of sustainable agriculture.