超星双语讲经济（下）章节答案(学习通2023课后作业答案)

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1.2ma012 the measurement of income

1、超星【单选题】Macroeconomists study
A、双语the decisions of households and firms.
B、讲经济下the interaction between households and firms.
C、章节economy-wide phenomena.
D、答案regulations on firms and unions.

2、学习【单选题】Which of the following questions is 通课more likely to be studied by a microeconomist than a macroeconomist?
A、Why do prices in general rise by more in some countries than in others?后作
B、Why do wages differ across industries?业答
C、Why do production and income increase in some periods and not in others?超星
D、How rapidly is 双语GDP currently increasing?

3、【多选题】The讲经济下 following is true about GDP ( ).
A、activities such as housework and self-sufficient production are not included in GDP.
B、章节GDP is 答案a concept of stock, not flow.
C、GDP measures the value of the final product.
D、学习GDP measures the market value of products, excluding services.

4、【多选题】The gross domestic product ( ) as measured by the income method should be included.
A、capital depreciation
B、salary
C、enterprise indirect tax
D、interest

5、【多选题】The following items are not included in GDP ( )
A、government transfer payment
B、buy a used truck
C、buy common stock
D、buy a piece of real estate.

1.4ma014 real versus nominal GDP

1、【单选题】Which of the following newspaper headlines is more closely related to what microeconomists study than to what macroeconomists study?
A、Unemployment rate rises from 5 percent to 5.5 percent.
B、Real GDP grows by 3.1 percent in the third quarter.
C、Retail sales at stores show large gains.
D、The price of oranges rises after an early frost.

2、【单选题】Which of the following questions is more likely to be studied by a microeconomist than a macroeconomist?
A、Why do prices in general rise by more in some countries than in others?
B、How rapidly is GDP currently increasing?
C、Why do production and income increase in some periods and not in others?
D、Why do wages differ across industries?

3、【单选题】In the economy of Wrexington in 2008, consumption was $4000, exports were $800, GDP was $9500, imports were $200, and investment was $1000. What were Wrexington’s government purchases in 2008?
A、$3700
B、$3900
C、$5100
D、$5500

4、【单选题】If total spending rises from one year to the next, then
A、the economy must be producing a larger output of goods and services.
B、either the economy must be producing a larger output of goods and services, or goods and services must be selling at higher prices, or both.
C、employment or productivity must be rising.
D、goods and services must be selling at higher prices.

5、【单选题】When studying changes in the economy over time, economists want a measure of the total quantity of goods and services the economy is producing that is not affected by changes in the prices of those goods and services. In other words, economists want to study
A、nominal GDP.
B、real GDP.
C、GNP.
D、the GDP deflator.

2.2ma022 Price Index and The Cost of Living

1、【单选题】When the consumer price index rises, the typical family
A、has to spend more dollars to maintain the same standard of living.
B、can spend fewer dollars to maintain the same standard of living.
C、finds that its standard of living is not affected.
D、can offset the effects of rising prices by saving more.

2、【单选题】When the consumer price index falls, the typical family
A、has to spend more dollars to maintain the same standard of living.
B、can save less because they do not need to offset the effects of rising prices.
C、can spend fewer dollars to maintain the same standard of living.
D、finds that its standard of living is not affected.

3、【单选题】When computing the cost of the basket of goods and services purchased by a typical consumer, which of the following changes from year to year?
A、the quantities of the goods and services purchased
B、the prices of the goods and services
C、the goods and services making up the basket
D、All of the above are correct.

4、【单选题】The table below pertains to Pieway, an economy in which the typical consumer’s basket consists of 10 bushels of peaches and 15 bushels of pecans. The cost of the basket in 2018 was Year Price of Peaches Price of Pecans 2018 $11 per bushel $6 per bushel 2019 $9 per bushel $10 per bushel
A、$200.
B、$210.
C、$240.
D、$245.

5、【单选题】If the nominal interest rate is 6 percent and the rate of inflation is 9 percent, then the real interest rate is
A、-3 percent.
B、-0.33 percent.
C、3 percent.
D、15 percent.

3.3ma033 Public Policy for Economic Growth

1、【单选题】Which of the following is a determinant of productivity?
A、human capital per worker
B、physical capital per worker
C、natural resources per worker
D、All of the above are correct.

2、【单选题】The inputs used to produce goods and services are also called
A、productivity indicators.
B、capitalization producers.
C、production functions.
D、factors of production.

3、【单选题】Economists differ in their views of the role of the government in promoting economic growth. At the very least, the government should
A、lend support to the invisible hand by maintaining property rights and political stability.
B、subsidize key industries.
C、limit foreign investment to industries that don't already exist in the country.
D、impose trade restrictions to protect the interests of domestic producers and consumers.

4.3ma043 Government Policies That Affect Saving and Investment

1、【单选题】Which of the following statements is correct?
A、A corporation receives a monetary payment every time its shares of stock are traded by stockholders on organized stock exchanges.
B、When a corporation sells bonds as a means of raising funds it is engaging in debt finance.
C、A share of stock is an IOU.
D、The two most important financial markets in the economy are the stock market and financial intermediaries.

2、【单选题】If the government's expenditures exceeded its receipts, it would likely
A、lend money to a bank or other financial intermediary.
B、borrow money from a bank or other financial intermediary.
C、buy bonds directly from the public.
D、sell bonds directly to the public.

3、【单选题】As a money management fee, mutual funds usually charge their customers
A、between 0.5 and 2.0 percent of assets each year.
B、between 1.5 and 3.0 percent of assets each year.
C、a flat fee of about $50.
D、nothing, because they receive commissions from the firms whose stock they buy.

4、【单选题】Which of the following equations represents GDP for an open economy?
A、Y = C + I + G + NX
B、NX = I - G
C、I = Y - C + G + NX
D、Y = C + I + G

5、【单选题】If we were to change the interpretation of the term “loanable funds” in such a way that government budget deficits would affect the demand for loanable funds, rather than the supply of loanable funds, then
A、crowding out would not be a consequence of an increase in the budget deficit.
B、higher interest rates would not be a consequence of an increase in the budget deficit.
C、an increase in the budget deficit would cause the demand for loanable funds to decrease.
D、we would be making only a semantic change in how we analyze the effects of government budget deficits.

5.3ma053 Reasons for an Above-Equilibrium Wage

1、【单选题】An economy’s natural rate of unemployment is
A、the economy’s long-run target level of unemployment.
B、the amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.
C、the lowest rate of unemployment the economy can achieve.
D、All of the above are correct.

2、【单选题】Cyclical unemployment
A、has a different explanation than does the natural rate of unemployment.
B、refers to the year-to-year fluctuation in unemployment around an economy’s natural rate of unemployment.
C、is closely associated with short-run ups and downs of economic activity.
D、All of the above are correct.

3、【单选题】The labor-force participation rate measures the percentage of the
A、total adult population that is in the labor force.
B、total adult population that is employed.
C、labor force that is employed.
D、labor force that is either employed or unemployed.

4、【单选题】The labor-force participation rate tells us the fraction of the population that
A、is able to participate in the labor market.
B、has chosen to participate in the labor market.
C、has chosen not to participate in the labor market.
D、has ever been employed.

5、【单选题】Sectoral shifts in demand for output
A、create structural unemployment.
B、increase unemployment due to job search.
C、immediately reduce unemployment.
D、do not affect demand for labor.

6.3ma063 Money Creation

1、【单选题】Money is the most liquid asset available because
A、it is a store of value.
B、it is a medium of exchange.
C、it has intrinsic value.
D、it is a unit of account.

2、【单选题】Money
A、is a perfect store of value.
B、is the most liquid asset.
C、has intrinsic value, regardless of which form it takes.
D、All of the above are correct.

3、【单选题】Which of the following is not correct?
A、The president of the New York central bank gets to vote at every meeting of the federal Open Market Committee, but this is not true of the presidents of the other regional Federal Reserve Banks.
B、The central bank’s policy decisions influence the economy’s rate of inflation in the short run and the economy’s employment and production in the long run.
C、The central bank’s primary tool of monetary policy is open-market operations.
D、All of the above are not correct.

4、【单选题】When the central bank conducts open market purchases, reserves
A、increase and banks can increase lending.
B、increase and banks must decrease lending.
C、decrease and banks can increase lending.
D、decrease and banks must decrease lending.

5、【单选题】If the cebtrak bank sells government bonds to the public, then reserves
A、increase and the money supply increases.
B、increase and the money supply decreases.
C、decrease and the money supply increases.
D、decrease and the money supply decreases.

7.2ma072 The Costs of Inflation

9.2ma092 Why the Aggregate Supply Curve Might Shift

1、【单选题】The inflation tax
A、transfers wealth from the government to households.
B、is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.
C、is a tax on everyone who holds money.
D、All of the above are correct.

2、【单选题】People can reduce the inflation tax by
A、reducing savings.
B、increasing deductions on their income tax.
C、reducing cash holdings.
D、None of the above is correct.

3、【单选题】When inflation rises, firms make
A、more frequent price changes. This raises their menu costs.
B、more frequent price changes. This reduces their menu costs.
C、less frequent price changes. This raises their menu costs.
D、less frequent price changes. This reduces their menu costs.

4、【单选题】According to classical macroeconomic theory, changes in the money supply affect
A、nominal variables and real variables.
B、nominal variables, but not real variables.
C、real variables, but not nominal variables.
D、neither nominal nor real variables.

5、【单选题】When taxes increase, consumption
A、increases, so aggregate demand shifts right.
B、increases, so aggregate supply shifts right.
C、decreases, so aggregate demand shifts left.
D、decreases, so aggregate supply shifts left.

10.3ma103 The Influence of Changes in Government Purchases on Aggregate Demand

1、【单选题】Which of the following correctly explains the crowding-out effect?
A、An increase in government expenditures decreases the interest rate and so increases investment spending.
B、An increase in government expenditures increases the interest rate and so reduces investment spending.
C、A decrease in government expenditures decreases the interest rate and so reduces investment spending.
D、A decrease in government expenditures increases the interest rate and so increases investment spending.

2、【单选题】The term crowding-out effect refers to
A、the reduction in aggregate supply that results when a monetary expansion causes the interest rate to decrease.
B、the reduction in aggregate demand that results when a fiscal expansion causes the interest rate to increase.
C、the reduction in aggregate demand that results when a monetary expansion causes the interest rate to decrease.

3、【单选题】Who asserted that “the Federal Reserve’s job is to take away the punch bowl just as the party gets going?”
A、president George W. Bush
B、president John F. Kennedy
C、economist John Maynard Keynes
D、former chairman of the Federal Reserve System William McChesney Martin

学习通双语讲经济（下）

一、市场的失败和的介入

在市场的自由化和全球化的趋势下，介入经济的作用越来越小，市场成为了主导力量。然而，市场的失败是不可避免的，例如市场垄断、信息不对称等问题。在这些情况下，应该介入经济，调节市场，促进经济的稳定和可持续发展。

介入经济的方式有很多种，例如制定法律、政策、税收等。其中，纳税是介入经济的一种重要方式。税收的目的是为了获得所需的资金，用于提供公共服务和基础设施建设。税收还可以通过调节经济发展方向、分配财富、促进社会公平等作用，对经济进行调节。

介入经济的另一种方式是对市场进行监管。监管的目的是保护消费者、保护竞争、限制垄断等，以促进经济的稳定和可持续发展。例如，监管机构可以制定标准，规范市场行为，打击欺诈、垄断等行为。

二、货币政策的作用和实施

货币政策是指中央银行通过调节货币供应、利率、汇率等手段来影响经济运行的政策。货币政策的目标是维持通货稳定、促进经济增长、促进就业等。货币政策对经济的影响非常大，它可以通过控制货币供应来调节通货膨胀、汇率、利率等，从而影响企业的生产和消费者的消费行为。

货币政策的实施通常通过央行的操作来实现。央行可以通过控制货币供应量、利率等来影响市场。例如，央行可以通过降低利率来刺激消费和投资，从而促进经济增长。央行还可以通过调整汇率来影响出口、进口等，调节国际收支平衡。货币政策的实施需要具有良好的预测能力、分析能力和操作能力。

三、经济增长和经济发展的区别和联系

经济增长和经济发展是经济运行中的两个重要概念。经济增长是指一个国家或地区在一定时期内国内生产总值的增加。经济增长通常可以通过提高生产率、增加劳动力等来实现。经济增长对于国家和地区的发展非常重要，它可以提高人们的生活水平、促进就业和创造财富等。

经济发展则更为广泛，它不仅仅包括经济增长，还包括社会、文化、环境等方面的发展。经济发展既包括经济增长，也包括人口发展、教育发展、环境发展等方面的发展。经济发展不仅要考虑经济增长，还要考虑社会、文化、环境等因素的发展。

四、全球化对中国的影响和挑战

全球化是一个国家和地区之间相互联系的过程，它包括经济、社会、文化等各个方面。全球化对中国带来了很多机遇，例如扩大对外贸易、吸引外资、促进产业升级等，但同时也带来了很多挑战。

全球化的一个挑战是国际贸易摩擦。在全球化的过程中，很多国家和地区的贸易关系日益紧密，同时也出现了很多贸易摩擦。贸易摩擦不仅会影响到中国的出口，还会影响到国内的就业和产业结构。

全球化的另一个挑战是环境问题。随着全球化的加剧，环境问题也日益凸显。中国作为世界上最大的工业国家之一，其环境问题更为突出。环境问题不仅会影响到人们的生活质量，还会影响到国家的可持续发展。

五、人口老龄化对经济的影响和应对措施

人口老龄化是一个全球性的趋势，它对经济、社会、文化等各个方面都会产生深远的影响。人口老龄化对经济的影响主要表现在以下几个方面。

首先，人口老龄化会影响到劳动力供给。随着人口老龄化的加剧，劳动力供给将会减少，从而导致劳动力市场紧张。这将会影响到经济的生产力和竞争力。

其次，人口老龄化会影响到社会保障支出。随着人口老龄化的加剧，社会保障支出将会增加，这将会影响到的财政收入和经济的稳定性。

为了应对人口老龄化对经济的影响，应该采取一系列措施。例如，鼓励生育、延长退休年龄、加强社会保障等。同时，还应该鼓励劳动力的培训和技能提升，提高其竞争力和生产力。

六、新常态下的中国经济

新常态是指中国经济由高速增长阶段向中高速增长阶段的转变。新常态下的中国经济面临着很多机遇和挑战。

首先，新常态下，中国经济的增长速度会放缓。这意味着中国经济需要从数量增长向质量提升转变，注重产业升级、技术创新、创新驱动等方面。这将会促进中国经济的持续发展和稳定增长。

其次，新常态下，中国经济需要面对国际贸易摩擦、人口老龄化等挑战。中国需要采取一系列措施，例如扩大对外开放、培育新的增长点、加强社会保障、鼓励创新等，来应对这些挑战。

总的来说，新常态下的中国经济需要从数量增长向质量提升转变，注重产业升级和创新驱动，同时也需要应对一系列的挑战，以促进经济的持续发展和稳定增长。

学习通双语讲经济（下）

一、市场的失败和的介入

在市场的自由化和全球化的趋势下，介入经济的作用越来越小，市场成为了主导力量。然而，市场的失败是不可避免的，例如市场垄断、信息不对称等问题。在这些情况下，应该介入经济，调节市场，促进经济的稳定和可持续发展。

介入经济的方式有很多种，例如制定法律、政策、税收等。其中，纳税是介入经济的一种重要方式。税收的目的是为了获得所需的资金，用于提供公共服务和基础设施建设。税收还可以通过调节经济发展方向、分配财富、促进社会公平等作用，对经济进行调节。

介入经济的另一种方式是对市场进行监管。监管的目的是保护消费者、保护竞争、限制垄断等，以促进经济的稳定和可持续发展。例如，监管机构可以制定标准，规范市场行为，打击欺诈、垄断等行为。

二、货币政策的作用和实施

货币政策是指中央银行通过调节货币供应、利率、汇率等手段来影响经济运行的政策。货币政策的目标是维持通货稳定、促进经济增长、促进就业等。货币政策对经济的影响非常大，它可以通过控制货币供应来调节通货膨胀、汇率、利率等，从而影响企业的生产和消费者的消费行为。

货币政策的实施通常通过央行的操作来实现。央行可以通过控制货币供应量、利率等来影响市场。例如，央行可以通过降低利率来刺激消费和投资，从而促进经济增长。央行还可以通过调整汇率来影响出口、进口等，调节国际收支平衡。货币政策的实施需要具有良好的预测能力、分析能力和操作能力。

三、经济增长和经济发展的区别和联系

经济增长和经济发展是经济运行中的两个重要概念。经济增长是指一个国家或地区在一定时期内国内生产总值的增加。经济增长通常可以通过提高生产率、增加劳动力等来实现。经济增长对于国家和地区的发展非常重要，它可以提高人们的生活水平、促进就业和创造财富等。

经济发展则更为广泛，它不仅仅包括经济增长，还包括社会、文化、环境等方面的发展。经济发展既包括经济增长，也包括人口发展、教育发展、环境发展等方面的发展。经济发展不仅要考虑经济增长，还要考虑社会、文化、环境等因素的发展。

四、全球化对中国的影响和挑战

全球化是一个国家和地区之间相互联系的过程，它包括经济、社会、文化等各个方面。全球化对中国带来了很多机遇，例如扩大对外贸易、吸引外资、促进产业升级等，但同时也带来了很多挑战。

全球化的一个挑战是国际贸易摩擦。在全球化的过程中，很多国家和地区的贸易关系日益紧密，同时也出现了很多贸易摩擦。贸易摩擦不仅会影响到中国的出口，还会影响到国内的就业和产业结构。

全球化的另一个挑战是环境问题。随着全球化的加剧，环境问题也日益凸显。中国作为世界上最大的工业国家之一，其环境问题更为突出。环境问题不仅会影响到人们的生活质量，还会影响到国家的可持续发展。

五、人口老龄化对经济的影响和应对措施

人口老龄化是一个全球性的趋势，它对经济、社会、文化等各个方面都会产生深远的影响。人口老龄化对经济的影响主要表现在以下几个方面。

首先，人口老龄化会影响到劳动力供给。随着人口老龄化的加剧，劳动力供给将会减少，从而导致劳动力市场紧张。这将会影响到经济的生产力和竞争力。

其次，人口老龄化会影响到社会保障支出。随着人口老龄化的加剧，社会保障支出将会增加，这将会影响到的财政收入和经济的稳定性。

为了应对人口老龄化对经济的影响，应该采取一系列措施。例如，鼓励生育、延长退休年龄、加强社会保障等。同时，还应该鼓励劳动力的培训和技能提升，提高其竞争力和生产力。

六、新常态下的中国经济

新常态是指中国经济由高速增长阶段向中高速增长阶段的转变。新常态下的中国经济面临着很多机遇和挑战。

首先，新常态下，中国经济的增长速度会放缓。这意味着中国经济需要从数量增长向质量提升转变，注重产业升级、技术创新、创新驱动等方面。这将会促进中国经济的持续发展和稳定增长。

其次，新常态下，中国经济需要面对国际贸易摩擦、人口老龄化等挑战。中国需要采取一系列措施，例如扩大对外开放、培育新的增长点、加强社会保障、鼓励创新等，来应对这些挑战。

总的来说，新常态下的中国经济需要从数量增长向质量提升转变，注重产业升级和创新驱动，同时也需要应对一系列的挑战，以促进经济的持续发展和稳定增长。