尔雅Let's Talk about Infectious Diseases课后答案(学习通2023题目答案)
75 min read尔雅Let's Talk about Infectious Diseases课后答案(学习通2023题目答案)
Unit 1
1、尔雅1. (single choice) Which of the following is 后答not a characteristic of bacteria?
A、The案学y reproduce by binary fusion.
B、The习通y have a real nucleus.
C、The题目y can survive at 80 ℃.
D、The答案y can survive independently in vitro.
2、2. (single choice) What is 尔雅the first step involved in bacterial pathogenesis?
A、Adhesion
B、后答Toxigenicity
C、案学Hyaluronidase production
D、习通Capsule formation
3、题目3. (single choice) Which of the following is 答案not a characteristic of a virus?
A、Has an envelope
B、尔雅Contains only a single type of nucleic acid
C、后答Has a protein capsid
D、案学Has its own metabolic mechanism
4、4. (single choice) Which of the following is a mechanism of transfer for drug resistance genes?
A、Transduction
B、Transformation
C、Transposition
D、All of the above
Chapter 2 Viral Infection – Part 1
Unit 2
1、(single choice) For hepatitis A and E, the isolation period is ______ after onset of disease.
A、3 days
B、1 week
C、10 days
D、3 weeks
E、45 days
2、(single choice) Which of the following description about the incubation period of viral hepatitis is correct?
A、The incubation period for hepatitis A is 2-6 weeks, with an average of roughly 1 month
B、The incubation period for hepatitis B is 10-70 days, with an average of 40 days
C、The incubation period for hepatitis C has not been determined. May be equivalent to that of hepatitis
D、The incubation period for hepatitis D is 2-26 weeks, with an average of 50 days
E、The incubation period for hepatitis E is 6 weeks to 6 months, with an average of 70 days
3、(single choice) Which of the following fits the diagnostic criteria of hepatitis E?
A、Appearance of anti-HEV in serum or a change from low to high tilter
B、Anti-HEV positive > 1:20
C、Detection of HEV RNA in serum, feces or bile by spot hybridization or RT-PCR
D、Detection of HEV particles by electron or immunoelectron microscopy in patient’s feces
E、All of the above
4、(single choice) Laboratory tests used to diagnosis HIV infection do not include:
A、HIV antibody
B、P24 antigen
C、HIV DNA
D、HIV RNA
E、CD4 T cell count
5、(single choice) The hepatitis B virus is a type of:
A、RNA virus
B、Cytomegalovirus
C、Enterovirus
D、EB virus
E、DNA virus
6、(single choice) Currently, the antiviral drug used for chronic hepatitis B is:
A、Interferon
B、Entecavir
C、Tenofovir
D、Telbivudine
E、All of the above
7、(single choice) The objectives for the treatment of hepatitis C is:
A、Continuous virologic response (svr12 or svr24)
B、No detectable RNA in 12 or 24 weeks after treatment
C、Serum HCV-RNA remains continuously undetectable (< 6-15 IU / ml)
D、SVR is indicative of a 99% recovery rate
E、All of the above
8、(single choice) Which species of influenza viruses can often cause an influenza pandemic?
A、Type A
B、Type B
C、Type C
D、Type D
E、All of the above
9、(single choice) In regards to the nucleic acid of an influenza virus, which of the following description is correct?
A、Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus
B、Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus
C、Negative-sense double-stranded RNA virus
D、Positive-sense double-stranded RNA virus
E、Positive-sense single-stranded DNA virus
10、(single choice) Which of the following is an anti-influenza virus drug?
A、Oseltamivir
B、Ganciclovir
C、Ribavirin
D、Entecavir
E、Tenofovir
11、(single choice) Which type of influenza virus does avian influenza belong to?
A、Type A
B、Type B
C、Type C
D、Type D
E、A different type of recombinant virus from the mentioned above
12、(single choice) The main target cells of HIV are:
A、CD4 T lymphocytes
B、CD8 T lymphocytes
C、Macrophages
D、B lymphocytes
E、Dendritic cells
13、(single choice) Which of the following does not transmit HIV？
A、Transfusion of HIV contaminated blood products
B、Having unprotected sex with HIV infected people
C、Kissing HIV infected people
D、An intrauterine transmission from HIV infected pregnant women to fetus
E、Sharing a syringe containing drugs
14、(single choice) The area with the most severe HIV epidemic is:
A、North America
B、South America
C、Africa
D、Europe
E、Asia
15、1. (multiple choicess) The following pathogenic microbes have a single positive strand RNA as their genetic material:
A、HAV
B、HBV
C、HCV
D、HDV
E、HEV
16、(True/False) HAV and HEV mainly cause acute hepatitis, but in some cases, the disease is prolonged and develops into chronic hepatitis, which can develop into cirrhosis and HCC.
17、(True/False) Currently, there are no effective specific antiviral drugs for HAV and HEV nor are there any effective HEV vaccines; however, there are live attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines for HAV that can be used for specific prevention.
18、(True/False) Those infected before with HAV and HEV can induce the production of protective antibodies that can last for a long time. Therefore, adults infected with HAV and HEV during childhood will not be infected again during adolescence.
19、(True/False) If a patient's HBV DNA continues to be positive, antiviral therapy should be given.
20、(True/False) For chronic hepatitis C patients, as long as HCV RNA is positive, antiviral treatment should be given regardless of liver function.
Chapter 3 Viral Infection – Part 2
Unit 3
1、(single choice) Which of the following shows the correct correlation between onset time of rash and fever for measles?
A、Rash occurs 1 to 2 days after onset of fever; fever is still present as rash appears.
B、Rash occurs 1 to 2 days after onset of fever; fever subsides as rash appears.
C、Rash occurs 3 to 4 days after onset of fever; body temperature increases as rash appears.
D、Rash occurs 3 to 4 days after onset of fever; fever subsides as rash appears.
E、Rash occurs 5 to 6 days after onset of fever; fever can still be present after onset of rash.
2、(single choice) In China, when should children get their first dose of measles?
A、6 months of age
B、8 months of age
C、9 months of age
D、12 months of age
E、15 months of age
3、(single choice) How long should measles patients with no complications be isolated?
A、10 days after the onset of rash
B、14 days after the onset of rash
C、7 days after the onset of rash
D、5 days after the onset of rash
E、Until rash is completely subsided
4、(single choice) The pathogen that causes HFMD is:
A、Enterovirus
B、Herpes simplex virus
C、Poliovirus
D、Varicella zoster virus
E、Rhinovirus
5、(single choice) Infectious mononucleosis is typically caused by what?
A、Streptococcus
B、Staphylococcus aureus
C、Escherichia coli
D、Influenza virus
E、EB virus
6、(single choice) How will a patient’s CBC change when infected with infectious mononucleosis?
A、Leukocytosis
B、Neutrophilia
C、Lymphocytosis
D、Anemia
E、Thrombocytopenia
7、(single choice) What is the clinical manifestation of infectious mononucleosis?
A、Fever
B、Sore throat
C、Rash
D、Abnormal liver function
E、All of the above
8、(single choice) What is the pathway used to transmit infectious mononucleosis?
A、Airborne transmission
B、Transmission through saliva
C、Contact transmission
D、Gastrointestinal transmission/Fecal-oral transmission
E、All of the above
9、(single choice) The pathogen that causes epidemic hemorrhagic fever is a:
A、Parasite
B、Bacteria
C、Fungi
D、Chlamydia
E、Virus
10、(single choice) The main infectious source for epidemic hemorrhagic fever is:
A、Mosquitos
B、Flies
C、Rats
D、Pigs
E、Bats
11、(single choice) The progression of epidemic hemorrhagic fever follows these stages:
A、Febrile, hypotensive, polyuric, oliguric and recovery
B、Febrile, polyuric, hypotensive, oliguric and recovery
C、Febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, polyuric, recovery
D、Febrile, hemorrhagic, oliguric, polyuric, recovery
E、Febrile, toxic, hypotensive, oliguric and recovery
12、(single choice) The clinical manifestation of epidemic hemorrhagic fever is often:
A、Systemic symptoms are most severe during the febrile stage
B、Systemic symptoms subside during the latter half of the febrile stage or after defervesce
C、The severity of systemic symptoms normally does not correspond with fever
D、Systemic symptoms are most severe during the oliguric phase
E、Body temperature returns to normal during the polyuric phase
13、(single choice) The main route of rabies transmission is:
A、Transmission through contact
B、Drinking contaminated water
C、Receiving a bite from a rabid animal
D、Aerosol
14、(single choice) The classic presentation of rabies is:
A、Small vessel inflammation
B、Benign lymphoid hyperplasia
C、Malignant lymphoid hyperplasia
D、Negri bodies
15、(single choice) The classic clinical manifestations of rabies are:
A、Fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, hepatosplenomegaly
B、Fear of water and wind, pharyngeal spasm
C、Headache, nausea, vomiting
D、Ataxia
16、(single choice) The most crucial aspect in the prevention and treatment of rabies is:
A、Early detection and treatment
B、Rational application of antibiotics
C、Prevention
D、Early use of antiviral drugs
17、(multiple choices) Doctors mainly rely on ________ for the diagnosis of rabies patients.
A、Characteristic lesions
B、Classic clinical manifestations
C、Etiological detection
D、medical history
18、(multiple choices) The transmission route of HFMD is:
A、Airborne
B、Fecal-oral transmission
C、Self-inoculation with contaminated secretions
D、Hematogenous transmission
E、Vector-borne transmission
19、(multiple choices) What are the sources of infection for HFMD?
A、Acute stage HFMD patients
B、Animals infected with foot-and-mouth disease
C、Asymptomatic enterovirus carriers
D、Convalescent stage HFMD detoxifying patients
E、Patients with herpetic gingivostomatitis
20、(multiple choices) ________ are high-risk groups for rabies.
A、Zookeepers
B、Researchers
C、Cave Explorers
D、Veterinarians
21、Once infected with HFMD, lifelong immunity can be achieved, preventing the chances to be infected again with HMFD.
22、The peak season for HFMD in China is from April to July.
23、EBV is self-limiting.
24、EBV does have specific antiviral medications.
25、Polio virus is divided into types I, II and III, with occasional cross-immunity amongst the different types. Paralytic polio is mostly caused by type I.
26、The isolation period for polio patients is 30 days after onset.
27、During winter, if a febrile patient presents with: headache, back pain, orbital pain, facial and eyelid conjunctival congestion, leukocytosis of peripheral blood, increased proportion of lymphocytes and abnormal urine analysis, consider the possibility of hemorrhagic fever.
28、Rats infected with a virus can pass the virus through their urine, feces and other secretions.
Chapter 4 Bacterial Infections
Unit4
1、(single choice) Which of the following drugs is not a first line antituberculosis drug?
A、Isoniazid
B、Ethambutol
C、Streptomycin
D、Levofloxacin
E、Pyrazinamide
2、(single choice) What is the current internationally recognized standard for antituberculosis chemotherapy?
A、Early, combined, sufficient, scheduled
B、Early, combined, sufficient, complete duration
C、Early, combined, sufficient, scheduled, complete duration
D、Early, combined, moderate, scheduled and complete duration
E、Early, combined, moderate and complete duration
3、(single choice) Which of the following tests is useful for the diagnosis of tuberculosis?
A、Sputum sample for acid fast stain
B、Sputum sample for a mycobacterial culture
C、Xpert MTB/RIF
D、T-SPOT.TB
E、All of the above
4、(single choice) What type of patients is the main infectious source for tuberculosis?
A、Pulmonary tuberculosis patients with positive sputum cultures
B、Pulmonary tuberculosis patients with negative sputum cultures
C、Patients with tuberculous pleurisy
D、Patients with tuberculous meningitis
E、All of the above
5、Which of the following is not included in the treatment of toxic bacillary dysentery?
A、Pathogen treatment
B、Nutritional support
C、Treatment for circulatory failure
D、Treatment for cerebral edema
E、Cooling treatments and oxygen supply
6、(single choice) WHO divides Vibrio cholerae into three groups, of which _______ is/are pathogenic?
A、O group 1 and non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae
B、Non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae
C、O group 1 and O group 139 Vibrio cholerae
D、O group 139 and non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae
E、O group 1, group 139 and non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae
7、(single choice) Which of the following statements about Vibrio cholerae is true?
A、O group 1 Vibrio cholerae is agglutinable
B、The main pathogenic factor of Vibrio cholerae is the heat-labile enterotoxin
C、O group 1 Vibrio cholerae has a capsule; O group 139 Vibrio cholerae has no capsule
D、O group 1 and O group 139 Vibrio cholerae are both Gram-negative curved rods
E、O group 1 Vibrio cholerae is more susceptible to bacteremia and septicemia than O group 139
8、(single choice) What is of great significance in the epidemiology of typhoid fever?
A、Typhoid patients
B、Temporary carriers of typhoid fever
C、Convalescent typhoid patients
D、Chronic typhoid carriers
E、Typhoid patients during incubation period
9、(single choice) Typhoid patients after treatment can obtain:
A、Temporary immunity
B、No immunity, can get sick again
C、Persistent immunity
D、Long-term immunity
E、Partial immunity
10、(single choice) Typical clinical manifestations of typhoid fever include:
A、Continuous fever, apathy, relative bradycardia, rose spots, hepatosplenomegaly, leukocytosis
B、Continuous fever, apathy, relative bradycardia, rose spots, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia
C、Remittent fever, apathy, dicrotic pulse, rose spots, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia
D、Undulant fever, apathy, dicrotic pulse, rose spots, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia
E、Low-grade fever, apathy, relative bradycardia, rose spots, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia
11、(single choice) Which of the following organ function evaluation is not an item in the SOFA score for the diagnosis of sepsis?
A、Blood
B、Intestines
C、Brain
D、Liver
E、Kidney
12、(single choice) Pathogenic microorganisms involved in bloodstream infection includes:
A、Gram-positive bacteria
B、Mycobacterium
C、Fungi
D、Anaerobic bacteria
E、All of the above
13、(single choice) The principles of Infection Control for bloodstream infections or sepsis include:
A、Once a clinical diagnosis is reached, before obtaining etiological results, empiric antimicrobial therapy should be given as soon as possible.
B、Adjust the dosage regimen according to the species of pathogenic bacteria and the results from drug sensitivity tests.
C、If a fungicide is selected, it should be given intravenously with sufficient doses over a long course of treatment.
D、If there is a migratory lesion or abscess, except for puncture aspiration, incision and drainage, the course of treatment should be extended accordingly.
E、All of the above
14、(multiple choicess) Which of the following are included in the clinical classification for toxic bacillary dysentery?
A、Acute bacillary dysentery
B、Toxic bacillary dysentery
C、Subacute bacillary dysentery
D、Chronic bacillary dysentery
E、Fulminant bacillary dysentery
15、If a patient presents with: coughing, expectoration for more than 3 weeks, or hemoptysis, chest pain, etc., and the anti-infection treatment is not effective, the possibility of tuberculosis should be considered.
16、Pulmonary tuberculosis patients with a positive sputum smear can quickly reduce infectivity after effective anti-tuberculosis treatment.
17、The main pathological findings of bacillary dysentery are inflammation and ulcers located on the jejunum, ileum and sigmoid colon.
18、Patients and carriers are the source of infection for cholera.
19、The risk factors of cholera in proper order are as follows: drinking raw water, drinking unsanitary drinks, eating raw seafood, etc.
20、Typical clinical manifestations of cholera are usually divided into the following three stages: diarrheal stage, dehydration stage and recovery stage.
21、Reasonable fluid replacement is the key to treating cholera.
22、The highest rate of positive blood culture in typhoid patients is during the first day to the fourteenth day of this disease.
23、The most serious complication of typhoid is intestinal obstruction.
24、Currently, pyemia is defined as an infection that causes systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).
25、Bacteremia and septicemia are collectively referred to as bloodstream infection.
Chapter 6 Parasitic Infections
Unit6
1、(single choice) Which of the following Plasmodium causes the highest mortality rate of malaria?
A、Plasmodium falciparum
B、Plasmodium vivax
C、Plasmodium malariae
D、Plasmodium ovale
E、Plasmodium knowlesi
2、(single choice) Which of the following two Plasmodium species have a dormant stage in the human liver?
A、Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax
B、Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi
C、Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale
D、Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae
E、Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale
3、(single choice) Which of the following is not an indicator in the WHO diagnostic standards for severe malaria?
A、Acidosis
B、Shock
C、Pulmonary edema
D、Creatinine > 265umol / L
E、Platelet < 20 * 109 / L
4、(single choice) Which of the following ACT drugs is not a drug recommended by WHO for the treatment of mild malaria?
A、Artemether-benflumetol
B、Artesunate-amodiaquine
C、Artesunate-primaquine
D、Artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine
E、Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine
5、(single choice) Which season is acute schistosomiasis most likely to occur?
A、Spring
B、Summer
C、Summer and Autumn
D、Autumn
E、Winter
6、(single choice) Which of the following is not a clinical manifestation of acute schistosomiasis?
A、Can have relative bradycardia
B、The most common type of fever associated with this disease is continuous fever
C、The severity of fever is closely related to the severity of infection
D、Eosinophilia
E、Most fevers last for about one month
7、(single choice) What is the pathogen responsible for amoebiasis?
A、Acanthamoeba
B、Balamuthia mandrillaris
C、Amoeba histolytica
D、Naegleria fowleri
E、Amoeba poisoning
8、(single choice) A classic symptom of amoebiasis is:
A、Fever
B、Abdominal pain
C、Diarrhea
D、Abdominal distention
E、Cough
9、(single choice) Intestinal complications of amoeba do not include:
A、Intestinal bleeding
B、Intestinal perforation
C、Toxic megacolon
D、Appendicitis
E、Intestinal polyp
10、(single choice) The most common complication of intestinal amoeba is:
A、Liver abscess
B、Brain abscess
C、Pulmonary abscess
D、Abdominal abscess
E、Pericardial abscess
11、(single choice) The predilection site for amebic liver abscess is located on the:
A、Left hepatic lobe
B、Caudate lobe
C、Posterior hepatic lobe
D、Anterior hepatic lobe
E、Top of right hepatic lobe
12、For severe malaria, WHO recommends the use of intravenous artesunate for at least 24 hours, and then use a course of oral artemisinin compound to complete the treatment.
13、Anti-relapse medications are needed to eradicate the hypnozoites of p.vivax and p.ovale during the intrahepatic period, regardless if the transmission rate is high or low in an area.
14、Preventing the spread of oncomelania is not the key nor the main problem in the prevention and control of Schistosomiasis.
15、The life cycle of Schistosoma includes six stages: adult worms, eggs, miracidia, sporocysts, cercariae and schistosomulae.
Chapter 5 Fungal Infections
Unit5
1、Which of the following antifungal drugs is not suitable for treating cryptococcosis?
A、Amphotericin B
B、Caspofungin
C、Flucytosine
D、Fluconazole
E、Itraconazole
2、(single choice) Currently, what is the internationally recognized standards for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis?
A、Induction therapy: amphotericin + flucytosine
B、Consolidation therapy: fluconazole
C、Maintenance therapy: fluconazole
D、Induction therapy: amphotericin B liposome is chosen first for solid organ transplant patients.
E、All of the above
3、(single choice) Which test is helpful for the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis?
A、India ink preparation of cerebrospinal fluid
B、Cerebrospinal fluid fungal culture
C、Detection of Cryptococcus polysaccharide capsule antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (latex agglutination method)
D、Detection of Cryptococcus polysaccharide capsule antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (colloidal gold method)
E、All of the above
4、(single choice) Which type of population is most susceptible to cryptococcosis?
A、HIV patients
B、Solid organ transplant patients
C、Patients using glucocorticoids
D、Immunosufficient population
E、All of the above
5、If a febrile patient presents with: headache symptoms and an increased intracranial pressure with non-purulent changes and low levels of CSF glucose, cryptococcal meningitis should be considered. Routine tests, such as cerebrospinal fluid ink smear, fungal culture and cryptococcal polysaccharide capsule antigen test, should be performed.
6、Pulmonary cryptococcosis or cryptococcal meningitis can both be treated with caspofungin or micafungin.
Chapter 7 Other related topics
7
1、(single choice) Which of the following description about fever is incorrect?
A、Fever refers to the maintenance of a body temperature above normal level.
B、An oral temperature over 37.3 ℃ indicates a fever.
C、An anal temperature over 37.6 ℃ indicates a fever.
D、A temperature change of more than 1.2 ℃ in a day is also called fever.
E、The duration of a fever less than three weeks is called acute fever.
2、(single choice) Endogenous pyrogens act on:
A、Cerebral cortex
B、Hippocampal gyrus
C、Pons
D、Anterior hypothalamus
E、Spinal cord
3、(single choice) When is the positive rate highest when performing blood cultures in septicemic patients?
A、When the patient’s blood pressure drops
B、When the patient’s temperature is highest
C、When the patient’s temperature does not rise
D、When the patient is shivering
E、When antibiotic treatment is ineffective
4、(single choice) The causes of noninfectious fever do not include:
A、Hyperthyroidism
B、Systemic lupus erythematosus
C、Perforation of gallbladder
D、Reiter Syndrome
E、Adult Still's disease
5、(single choice) A 48-year-old female presents with an Irregular fever for 4 weeks, highest reaching 38.2 ℃, has a normal body temperature in the mornings, is diagnosed with persistent low-grade fever. The most common cause of this disease is:
A、Urinary tract infection
B、Tuberculosis
C、Hyperthyroidism
D、Diencephalic syndrome
E、Viral infection
6、(single choice) Which of the following is a central nervous system infection?
A、Meningitis
B、Encephalitis
C、Myelitis
D、Ventriculitis
E、All of the above
7、(single choice) Signs of meningeal irritation include:
A、Nuchal rigidity, Babinski sign
B、Kernig Sign, Brudzinski sign, Babinski sign
C、Babinski Sign, Gordon sign, Hoffman sign
D、Nuchal rigidity, Kernig sign, Brudzinski sign
E、None of the above
8、(single choice) Which of the following diagnostic method is used for central nervous system infection?
A、Bone marrow aspiration
B、Lumbar puncture
C、Lymph node puncture
D、Thoracentesis
E、Paracentesis
9、(single choice) Which of the following is not used to treat central nervous system infections?
A、Antimicrobial spectrum should be considered when selecting antibiotics during empirical treatment
B、Drugs with good CSF permeability should be selected
C、Early administration of dehydration medication
D、Patients should all be given glucocorticoid
E、Treatment to protect vital organs
10、(single choice) Which of the following is not normally considered for a fever accompanied by a rash within two weeks after returning from a trip?
A、Malaria
B、Dengue fever
C、Chikungunya virus
D、Zika virus
E、Typhus
11、(single choice) Which of the following travel-related diseases generally does not have a fever that last for more than 2 weeks:
A、Malaria
B、Typhoid fever
C、Brucellosis
D、Tuberculosis
E、Dengue fever
12、(single choice) Which of the following diseases should be considered first for febrile patients who returned from their travels in Sub-Saharan Africa:
A、Dengue fever
B、Plasmodium vivax
C、Plasmodium falciparum
D、Ebola hemorrhagic fever
E、Rift Valley fever
13、(single choice) Which of the following diseases may not show symptoms until 6 weeks after returning from a trip:
A、Plasmodium falciparum
B、Plasmodium vivax
C、Scrub Typhus
D、East African Trypanosomiasis
E、Dengue fever
14、(multiple choices) Which of the following actions can potential transmit blood-borne infection?
A、Reusing high-pressure syringes
B、Sharing insulin medication
C、Improper cleaning of soft endoscopes
D、Handling reused dialyzers from both negative and positive patients
E、Centralized sorting and disposal of sharp instruments
15、(True/False) Febrile patients with headache should be given a lumbar puncture.
16、(True/False) An infection located in adjacent tissues and organs, such as rhinosinusitis, otitis media, orbital cellulitis and mastoiditis, can spread to the meninges and lead to central nervous system infection.
17、(True/False) Febrile patients after traveling should be carefully asked the following: past serious disease history, travel itinerary, travel dates, travel vaccination history and whether there was any insect or arthropod bite during the journey.
18、(True/False) Febrile patients upon returning from Southeast Asia should first be tested for yellow fever.
19、(True/False) In order to prevent catheter-related urinary tract infection, the catheter can be frequently replaced.
20、(True/False) Patients with Legionella pneumonia can be removed from isolation once related antibodies are negative.
Final exam questions
Final Exam Questions:
1、Which of the following is a mechanism of transfer for drug resistance genes?
A、Transformation
B、Transduction
C、Conjugation
D、Transposition
E、All of the above
2、What is the first step involved in bacterial pathogenesis?
A、Toxigenicity
B、Capsule formation
C、Adhesion
D、Hyaluronidase production
E、DNA Integration
3、All of the following are blood transfusion-transmitted diseases except:
A、Hepatitis B
B、Malaria
C、Cytomegalovirus Infection
D、Hepatitis A
E、Hepatitis C
4、Which of the following is not a main clinical manifestation of acute viral hepatitis?
A、Loss of appetite
B、Fatigue
C、In some cases jaundice
D、Hepatomegaly and liver function impairment
E、Emaciation
5、The Hepatitis B virus is a:
A、Single-stranded RNA virus
B、Double-stranded RNA virus
C、Defective RNA virus
D、Single-stranded DNA virus
E、Double-stranded DNA virus
6、Which of the following is not an antiviral agent for chronic hepatitis B?
A、Interferon
B、Entecavir
C、Tenofovir
D、Telbivudine
E、Oseltamivir
7、The mainstay in diagnosing Hepatitis C is:
A、Course of illness for more than half a year
B、Positive anti-HCV
C、Increased globulin levels
D、Positive HCV-RNA in serum
E、Eosinophilic bodies in hepatocytes
8、The objectives for the treatment of hepatitis C is:
A、Continuous virologic response (svr12 or svr24)
B、No detectable RNA in 12 or 24 weeks after treatment
C、Serum HCV-RNA remains continuously undetectable (< 6-15 IU / ml)
D、SVR is indicative of a 99% recovery rate
E、All of the above
9、High-risk populations for HIV infection do not include:
A、Adolescent students
B、Gay men
C、Sex Workers
D、Intravenous drug users
E、Alcoholics
10、___________ is/are the gold standard used to diagnosis HIV infection.
A、HIV Antibodies
B、HIV P24 Antigen
C、The percentage of CD4 T cells
D、HIV gp120 antigen
E、A CD4 T-cell count
11、Antiretroviral therapy, commonly known as a “cocktail therapy”, generally requires a mix of ___ effective drug(s).
A、1
B、2
C、3
D、4
E、5
12、Regarding the timing and indications for influenza antiviral therapy, the following statement is incorrect.
A、Anti-influenza therapy should be given as soon as possible (preferably within 48 hours).
B、In regard to severe influenza, anti-influenza therapy can be administered prior to receiving the pathogen test results.
C、Severe patients with an onset time of more than 48 hours should also be given anti-influenza treatment.
D、Antiviral therapy may also be considered for non-critical patients 48 hours after onset.
E、Anti-influenza therapy should be given to all people suspected with influenza viruses in order to reduce further transmissions.
13、Which of the following common enterovirus serotypes cause hand, foot and mouth disease?
A、EV71
B、CoxA16
C、CoxA6
D、CoxA10
E、All of the above
14、Within 2 weeks in May, children from a kindergarten class developed: oral pain, salivation, rashes on the palms of both hands and the soles of the feet. In some cases, a rash appeared in the kneecap area. No pain nor itch. Most had low-grade fever. The disease prevalent in this class could be:
A、Chickenpox
B、Herpesvirus Infections
C、Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
D、Scarlet Fever
E、Measles
15、The predominate route of transmission of polio is
A、Aerosol transmission
B、Fecal-oral transmission
C、Close contact transmission
D、Blood transmission
E、Sexual transmission
16、A 5 years old girl had a low-grade fever for 3 days, accompanied with general discomfort, sore throat, cough, nausea, hypotonia in the lower right extremity, disappearance of tendon reflex and sensory input remains intact. No vaccination was given. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is:
A、Poliomyelitis
B、Encephalitis B
C、Suppurative meningitis
D、Viral Encephalitis
E、Periodic paralysis
17、The epidemiological characteristic of EB virus infection is:
A、More than 95% of adults have been infected
B、Infectious mononucleosis mostly occurs in adolescents
C、More than 90% of children have been previously infected
D、Children make up the most inapparent infections
E、All of the above
18、The three classic symptoms of an EBV infection are:
A、Fever, isthmitis and lymphadenopathy
B、Sore throat, fever and fatigue
C、Fever, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
D、Fatigue, low-grade fever and rash
E、None of the above
19、The organ most easily damaged by EHF is:
A、Brain
B、Liver
C、Lung
D、Kidney
E、Heart
20、Secondary infection is most likely to occur in which phase of epidemic hemorrhagic fever?
A、Febrile stage to hypotension shock stage
B、Hypotension shock stage at oliguric stage
C、Oliguric to polyuric stage
D、Polyuric to recovery stage
E、After the recovery stage
21、Which of the following animals is not the main source of the rabies infection?
A、Dog
B、Cat
C、Rat
D、Bat
E、Raccoon
22、Which type of influenza virus does the avian influenza virus belong to?
A、Type A
B、Type B
C、Type C
D、Type D
E、A different type of recombinant virus from the mentioned above
23、The host cells attacked by Mycobacterium tuberculosis after infection are:
A、CD4 + T cells
B、B cells
C、Monocytes
D、Alveolar cells
E、Macrophages
24、The rabies virus can be detected in the following areas, except:
A、Saliva
B、Blood
C、Cerebrospinal fluid
D、Brain tissue
E、Skin tissue of bite site
25、The systemic symptoms of active tuberculosis can present as:
A、Low-grade fever and night sweats
B、High fever
C、Weakness and fatigue
D、Lack of appetite and emaciation
E、All of the above
26、Multidrug-resistant TB refers a resistance to:
A、Isoniazid
B、Rifampin
C、Isoniazid and rifampin
D、Isoniazid or rifampin
E、None of the above
27、The most significant epidemiological source of bacillary dysentery is:
A、Patients with acute bacillary dysentery
B、Acute bacillary dysentery patients and chronic carriers
C、Chronic and mild atypical patients
D、Patients with bloody mucus in stool
E、All of the above are true
28、The main evidence used to differentiate acute bacillary dysentery and amebic dysentery is:
A、Symptoms of systemic poisoning
B、Abdominal tenderness
C、Detection of pathogens in feces
D、Mucosal lesions found under sigmoidoscopy
E、Purulent stool
29、The typical clinical manifestations of cholera is:
A、Acute vomiting
B、Acute watery diarrhea
C、Acute renal failure
D、Acute abdominal pain
E、Acute emaciation
30、The main treatment measure for cholera is:
A、Isolation
B、Nursing care
C、Antibacterial medication
D、Rehydration
E、Antitoxin therapy
31、What kind of culture should be used to help release typhoid patients in isolation?
A、Blood culture
B、Bone marrow culture
C、Bile culture
D、Midstream urine culture
E、Stool culture
32、The following is not a typical clinical manifestation during the lysis phase of typhoid:
A、Retention of high fever
B、Red tongue, abdominal distention and splenomegaly
C、Apathy and hearing loss
D、Relatively bradycardia, rose spots
E、Intestinal obstruction
33、During October in some school, there are about 100 patients between the ages 8-10 that presented with the same symptoms. The main symptoms included: unabating high fever with fatigue, poor appetite, jaundice and hepatomegaly, blood culture (–), and low white blood cell count. The disease prevalent in this school may be:
A、Typhoid, Paratyphoid
B、Leptospirosis
C、Acute hepatitis A
D、Infectious mononucleosis
E、Epidemic hemorrhagic fever
34、Which of the following organ function evaluation is not an item in the SOFA score for the diagnosis of sepsis?
A、Blood
B、Intestines
C、Brain
D、Liver
E、Kidney
35、The principles of Infection Control for bloodstream infections or sepsis include:
A、Once a clinical diagnosis is reached, before obtaining etiological results, empiric antimicrobial therapy should be given as soon as possible.
B、Adjust the dosage regimen according to the species of pathogenic bacteria and the results from drug sensitivity tests.
C、If a fungicide is selected, it should be given intravenously with sufficient doses over a long course of treatment.
D、If there is a migratory lesion or abscess, except for puncture aspiration, incision and drainage, the course of treatment should be extended accordingly.
E、All of the above
36、Which type of population is most susceptible to cryptococcosis?
A、AIDS
B、Diabetic patients
C、Solid organ transplant patients
D、Immunosufficient population
E、All of the above
37、The first choice of antifungal drug(s) for cryptococcal meningitis is:
A、Fluconazole combined with flucytosine
B、Amphotericin B combined with flucytosine
C、Amphotericin B combined with fluconazole
D、Amphotericin B combined with fluconazole and flucytosine
E、Amphotericin B
38、The current gold standard used to diagnose malaria is:
A、Blood nucleic acid molecular testing
B、Plasmodium found on peripheral blood smear
C、Antibody test
D、Antigen detection
E、All of the above
39、A 40 years old male had recurrent fevers for 2 weeks. The fever was accompanied by chills and shivers. When the fever subsided, the patient began to sweat profusely. The highest temperature was 39.5 ℃. One week before the onset of the disease, the patient was in Nigeria for one month for a business trip. Peripheral CBC: WBC 4.53 × 109 / L, hemoglobin 83 g / L, platelet count 86 × 109 / L. Physical examination: blebs on the left lip and nose, slight anemic appearance, detection of spleen 2 fingers underneath the ribcage. The most likely clinical diagnosis for this patient is:
A、Dengue fever
B、Malaria
C、Septicemia
D、Leukemia
E、Lymphoma
40、Diagnosing acute schistosomiasis is based on:
A、Fever, eosinophils significantly increased, feces positive for Schistosoma eggs or hatched miracidium
B、No fever, no increase of eosinophils, feces positive for Schistosoma eggs or hatched miracidium
C、No fever, hepatosplenomegaly, egg found in rectum and sigmoid colon biopsy
D、Clinical manifestations such as fever, increase of eosinophils in blood and increased lung markings in chest x-ray
E、Long-term continued fever, hepatosplenomegaly, disappearance of eosinophils, previous history of schistosomiasis
41、The three necessary conditions for the transmission of schistosomiasis are:
A、Source of infection, intermediate host, susceptible population
B、Miracidium, cercariae, susceptible population
C、Egg, miracidium, cercariae
D、Source of infection, oncomelania, body of water
E、Feces-contaminated water, oncomelania, contact with epidemic water
42、Intestinal complications of amoeba do not include:
A、Intestinal bleeding
B、Intestinal perforation
C、Toxic megacolon
D、Appendicitis
E、Intestinal polyp
43、The most common complication of intestinal amoeba is:
A、Liver abscess
B、Brain abscess
C、Pulmonary abscess
D、Abdominal abscess
E、Pericardial abscess
44、What are the signs of meningeal irritation?
A、Nuchal rigidity, Babinski sign
B、Kernig Sign, Brudzinski sign, Babinski sign
C、Babinski Sign, Gordon sign, Hoffman sign
D、Nuchal rigidity, Kernig sign, Brudzinski sign
E、None of the above
45、Which treatment for central nervous system infection is wrong?
A、Antimicrobial spectrum should be considered when selecting antibiotics during empirical treatment.
B、Drugs with good CSF permeability should be selected.
C、Early administration of dehydration medication
D、Patients should all be given glucocorticoid.
E、Treatment to protect vital organs
46、Regarding the Hand Hygiene Guideline for medical personnel, the following statement is incorrect.
A、Before and after contact with patients
B、Before and after aseptic technology operations
C、Before and after wearing and taking off masks and isolation clothes
D、Before and after contact with blood, body fluids and contaminated items
E、No need to wash hands after removing gloves
47、A 34-year-old female patient after 2 days of fever and rash arrived at the hospital. The highest temperature reached 39.5 ℃, accompanied by an obvious hyperemia rash. She had just come back from Cambodia two days before the onset of the disease. CBC showed that WBC was 2.8*109/L and platelet was 74*109/L. The first consideration for diagnosis is:
A、Malaria
B、Tsutsugamushi disease
C、Typhoid fever
D、Dengue fever
E、Leptospirosis
48、Which of the following is not an important piece of information for the patient history of febrile patients who just returned after traveling?
A、Past serious illness
B、Travel itinerary and travel time
C、Travel immunization history
D、Any bites from insects or arthropods during the journey
E、Any subway rides during the journey
49、Which of the following description is about fever is incorrect?
A、Fever refers to the maintenance of a body temperature above normal level.
B、An oral temperature over 37.3 ℃ indicates a fever.
C、An anal temperature over 37.6 ℃ indicates a fever.
D、A temperature change of more than 1.2 ℃ in a day is also called fever.
E、The duration of a fever less than three weeks is called acute fever.
50、A 48-year-old female presents with an Irregular fever for 4 weeks, highest reaching 38.2 ℃, has a normal body temperature in the mornings, is diagnosed with persistent low-grade fever. The most common cause of this disease is:
A、Urinary tract infection
B、Tuberculosis
C、Hyperthyroidism
D、Diencephalic syndrome
E、Viral infection
学习通Let's Talk about Infectious Diseases
在全球化的时代，传染病问题已成为全人类的共同问题。如何预防和控制传染病，是全球关注的焦点。本次学习通课程旨在帮助大家更好地了解传染病的相关知识。
传染病是什么？
传染病是由一种生物体（如细菌、病毒、寄生虫、真菌等）引起的、可以通过直接或间接接触传播的疾病。传染病的传播途径有多种，包括接触传播、空气传播、食物和水传播等。
常见的传染病
常见的传染病有很多，以下是一些常见的传染病：
- 流感
- 肺结核
- 病毒性肝炎
- 腹泻病
- 艾滋病
预防传染病
预防传染病的方法有很多，以下是一些常见的预防措施：
- 勤洗手
- 保持个人卫生
- 避免接触传染源
- 注意饮食卫生
- 接种疫苗
控制传染病
传染病的控制是一个复杂的过程，需要、医疗机构和个人的共同努力。以下是一些控制传染病的措施：
- 提高公众卫生意识
- 加强疾控中心建设
- 完善传染病防治法律法规
- 加强国际合作
- 提高医疗水平
结语
预防和控制传染病是我们每个人的责任，希望大家能够牢记预防传染病的基本知识，做好个人防护，为创建健康的生活环境贡献自己的力量。
图中所示的物象虚实为（）。
A.革命是不能制造出来的，但是可以遏制其发生的。
B.定义列表常用于图文混排，其中标记中插入图片。（ ）
C.弱酸性阳离子交换树脂基团为
D.组合字体效益性的描述不正确的是（ ）。
下列属于机动车辆损失险赔偿范围的是
A.下列关于瑞吉欧幼儿教育的儿童观，说法错误的是（ ）
B.目前关于学习与记忆机制的两种主要观点是
C.]按照古诺模型，市场上有n个寡头，那么（ ）
D.在开心农场的开发上所耗费的时间是()。
瓷器上装饰莲花纹越来越盛行是从（）开始。
A.（ ）对于任何层次的管理人员来说，都是同等重要的。
B.《中华人民共和国国防法》的使用范围包括 （ ）。
C.下列有关学生请假销假表述错误的是（ ）_
D.陶行知先生提出“人人是创造之人”，这里更多的是指人们所具有的（ ）。
能调节十二经气血，主生殖功能的经脉是（ ）。_
A.设计简历，一定是要围绕求职目标或者目标岗位这个中心来进行的。
B.下列酒品不属于蒸馏酒的是
C.当前GPS测量中普遍采用的高精度定位方法是( )。
D.类似清新这一品的黄花梨六方扶手椅明式家具中是极为常见的。
设计基础资料中风向和风速要有冬季、夏季和年主导风向及其频率，附风玫瑰图。
A.选择避雷器的技术条件应包括（ ）。
B.动画制作时，物体不一定会根据你想要的方向进行旋转,需要进行的操作是_____。
C.以下属于可持续设计的案例是：（ ）
D.智慧职教: G00的指令移动速度值是（ ）
高技术的三个技术层次包括技术创新、技术综合与技术
A.c463daebeb48495fafc7022ea5c0807f.png
B.23b33c47e9d548e489adec744f6424c7.png
C.电路如图所示，该反馈对输入电阻带来什么影响（）
D.智慧职教: 习惯上,下列属于小概率事件的为:
（ ）决定了光敏树脂固化后的性能。
A.归一化饱和度的计算方法是（ ）。
B.下图所示的电路是（ ），属于集成运算放大器的（ ）应用。
C.“反转录转座子存在于原核生物中“的叙述（ ）。
D.甲：昨日の試験はどうでしたか。 乙：（ ）。
激烈的竞争会导致物种的生态位都比较狭窄。
A.赤茯苓为削去外皮后的淡红色部分，药性偏凉，功能渗利湿热，主治湿热内盛之小便不利。
B.趣味中心法，也称作（）、黄金分割法、九宫格法
C.自体骨目前被视为是植骨材料的金标准，以下哪项不是自体骨的特性（ ）。
D.半剖视图选用的是（ ）剖切面。
当冷却系统处于小循环时，节温器的主阀门（ ），副阀门（ ）。
A.吃剩的菜放进冰箱后，一般应该如何处理（ ）
B.以下选项中是心血管系统的组成部分的有：（）
C.对模拟信号处理的电路称为（）。
D.基本放大电路中的电容器是有极性的电解电容。
按阴，阳，上，去声调排列的成语是
A.将一个pine复制为三个的代码是:pine()
B.当匀晶合金在较快的冷却条件下结晶时将产生（ ）。
C.计算机在设施综合环境管理中的应用包括（）
D.差异性营销战略需要进行市场细分，而集中性营销战略不需要进行市场细分。（ ）
当调用函数时，实参是一个数组名，则向函数传送的是（）.
A.下列行为中，属于要约邀请的有：
B.心室肌的有效不应期一直延续到（ ）。
C.在计算机系统中，控制和管理各种资源、有效
D.社会网络是()之间及人与人之间比较持久的
互补色是指在色相环中成（ ）的两种颜色
A.不属于实验法缺点的是（）。
B.张景岳在其著作中集中论述真阳重要性的篇章是（ ）
C.以下属于农业保险合同中基本内容规定项目的是（ ）。
D.某淋病初产妇，29岁，足月顺产一活女婴.护士应为该女婴提供的护理措施是
用历年平均不保证（ ）的日平均温度作为夏季空调室外计算干球温度。
A.to the cinema
B.当温度升高时，二极管的反向饱和电流将() 。
C.葡萄酒的颜色与下列哪些因素有关（ ）
D.由摩擦角可以确定静摩擦系数（ ）。
高度依赖于商业应用场景，目前来讲很难做到完全的标准化的领域是
A.工程量清单的准确性和完整性由（ ）负责
B.《长恨歌》描述的是（ ）的爱情故事。
C.刘西渭称《边城》是“一部“田园诗的杰作”，“一颗千古不磨的珠玉”。
D.以下哪一项不是葡萄胎恶变的高危因素
