mooc大学英语写作（二）：说明文、议论文期末答案(mooc2023课后作业答案)

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mooc大学英语写作（二）：说明文、议论文期末答案(mooc2023课后作业答案)

Lecture 1 Exposition 1

Test for Exposition 1

1、大学答案答案Please select from the following descriptions the one that does not match the essential features of expository writing.
A、英语It is 写作writing to explain something or show some information.
B、This 说明type of writing builds on critical thinking and research.
C、Expository writing is 文议persuasive writing.
D、---

2、论文Please select from the following traditional expository writing patterns the unsuitable one.
A、期末Compare and contrast.
B、课后Argumentation.
C、作业Cause and effect.
D、大学答案答案---

3、英语The写作 purpose of writing is closely related to the type of essay that it is. Please select from the following choices the one whose purpose conflicts with its essay type.
A、Exemplification essay: providing the reader with more information about something.
B、说明Process essay: an explanation of the steps needed to fulfill given purposes.
C、文议Compare and contrast essay: to amuse and delight.
D、论文---

4、Please select from the following choices the one that does not represent an essential component of the introductory part of exposition.
A、Personal information.
B、Background sentences.
C、Thesis statement.
D、---

5、In expository writing, run-on sentences should be avoided. Please select from the following commonly used techniques the one that fails to correct run-on sentences.
A、Using punctuation.
B、Using conjunctions.
C、Using diversified vocabulary.
D、---

6、Expository writing is informational writing.

7、Logical connections between introduction, body and conclusions in exposition are controlled by the thesis and topic sentences.

8、When planning an exposition essay, it is important to consider the writing purpose. One of the common purposes for writing “to persuade”, refers to give information about a subject.

9、The hook in the introduction of expository is to draw the readers’ attention and to set the tone for the rest of the essay.

10、Once the thesis statement of your writing is formed, it can not be changed any longer.

Lecture 2 Exposition 2

Test for Exposition 2

1、It is important to recognize prompts for compare/contrast essays. Please select from the following choices the one that fails to include such prompts.
A、Would you prefer to work for a higher salary and spend less time with family, or earn less money and spend more time with family?
B、People may have different opinions towards distance learning. Discuss their views and give your own opinions.
C、Some people prefer to live in a large city, while other people prefer small towns. Explain your own preference by describing the advantages and disadvantages of each.
D、---

2、One of important steps for compare and contrast writing is to form a “working thesis”. Please select from the following sources the one that does not help to generate such “working thesis”.
A、The purpose of the essay.
B、Ideas formed during brainstorming stage.
C、The inherent features of both items under comparison and contrast.
D、---

3、Please select from the following common purposes for compare and contrast essay the unsuitable one.
A、To clarify something unknown or not well understood.
B、To review the characteristics of both items.
C、To show that one subject is better than the other.
D、---

4、Block format and point-by-point format are two commonly used patterns of organizations that can be used to write a compare/contrast essay. Please select from the following choices the one whose format conflicts with its examples.
A、Block format: Paragraph1-apples Color Flavor Variety Paragraph2-oranges Color Flavor Variety
B、Point-by-point format: Paragraph1-color of apples and oranges Paragraph2-flavor of apples and oranges Paragraph3-variety of apples and oranges
C、Block format: Paragraph1 - color and flavor of apples and oranges Paragraph2 - variety of apples and oranges
D、---

5、To compare and contrast, some commonly used linguistic features are also recommended. Please select from the following choices the one whose linguistic usage fails to achieve a good comparison and contrast writing.
A、Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
B、Her hair is as long as mine.
C、Max is taller than Judy.
D、---

6、When we compare two things, we show how they are similar; when we contrast two things, we show how they are different.

7、Important prompts for comparison and contrast in writing include a variety of words and collocations. Superlative adjectives such as better, less and more are commonly used.

8、One of useful techniques for brainstorming compare and contrast essays is to set up a “comparison chart”, where the foci features of both items are listed.

9、Compare and contrast essays merely list the plot similarities and the divergences.

10、The structure of compare and contrast essays depends on the purpose, the audience, and the writers own personal preference.

Lecture 3 Exposition 3

Test for Exposition 3

1、Process essays can be divided into two distinct categories: directive and informative. Please select from the following choices the one with the wrong match.
A、Directive process essay: how to change a flat tire.
B、Informative process essay: how the water cycle works.
C、Directive process essay: how the volcanoes formed.
D、---

2、There are some important features to keep in mind when composing process essays. Please select from the following statements of features the wrong one.
A、This kind of essay uses features of description, narration and illustration.
B、Each step must be given its own paragraph.
C、Transition words/phrases are used between steps to guide the reader through your writing.
D、---

3、Making a good plan plays an essential part for successful process essays. Please select from the following choices the one that fails to constitute an element of planning.
A、Make a list of everything you can think of.
B、Creating a thesis statement.
C、Putting yourself in the position of somebody who knows a lot about the process.
D、---

4、The use of transition devices makes for a good process composition. Please select from the following choices the untypical one.
A、But.
B、First.
C、More important.
D、---

5、Process essays can be classified as scientific, historic or advisory. Please select from the following choices the wrong match.
A、Scientific: how clouds form.
B、Historic: how American law changed after 9/11.
C、Advisory: how global warming leads to ocean acidification.
D、---

6、People must be very aware of the steps required to fulfill a process.

7、Directive process composition explain how something works.

8、The purpose of process essay is heavily influenced by the topic and the audience.

9、It is acceptable and sometimes necessary to use second person the pronoun you in the process essay, if you are giving directions.

10、Advisory process essay is to teach us about a process in the world that may be invisible to us.

Lecture 4 Exposition 4

Test for Exposition 4

1、When writing cause and effect essay, it is important not to have fallacious reasoning. Please select from the following choices the one with mistaken reasoning.
A、Eating a lot chocolate-gaining weight: eating a lot chocolate can make people gain weight according to experiments.
B、Wearing a red sweater-doing well in exams: wearing red sweaters can make people do well in exams according to personal experience.
C、Long-term sun exposure-tanned skin: long-term sun exposure can make people’s skin tanned according to large-scale surveys.
D、---

2、Even for causal relationships, there are a variety of casualties: linear, domino, cyclic, relational, mutual and spiraling. Please select from the following statements the one that represents one unique feature of domino casualty.
A、Has a clear beginning and a clear ending.
B、Involves feedback loops.
C、Sequential unfolding of effects over time.
D、---

3、Generally speaking, there are three types of cause and effect essays: many causes and one single effect, one cause and many effects, and a chain of cause and effects. Please select from the following structure models the one that suits a chain of cause and effects essays most.
A、Introduction Body Cause #1 Effect #1 = Cause #2 Effect #2 = Cause #3 Effect #3 = Cause #4 (and so on…) Conclusion
B、Introduction Body Cause #1 Cause #2 Cause #3 (and so on…) The effect of the causes Conclusion
C、Introduction Body The Cause Effect #1 Effect #2 Effect #3 (and so on…) Conclusion
D、---

4、One cause may yield a long-term effect as well as an immediate effect. Please select from the following effects the long-term effect in the case of a construction worker who decided to go back to college to study architecture five years after having graduated from high school.
A、Having to budget his money more carefully because he had to quit his job.
B、Securing a high-paying, white-collar position after graduation.
C、Getting a lot less physical exercise.
D、---

5、Transitions in cause and effect writing are also very important. Please select from the following choices the unsuitable transition in cause and effect writing.
A、As a result.
B、Due to.
C、Secondly.
D、---

6、In a cause and effect essay, you are being asked to demonstrate your understanding of the logic of certain events or actions.

7、That an event occurs before an effect means that they are related.

8、Don’t select the obvious cause without first doing substantial research to be sure that you are not missing any other causes.

9、When writing cause and effect essays, both the cause and the effect of a given topic must be discussed.

10、In cause and effect essays, the third person adds a sense of authority and makes the writing more forceful.

Lecture 5 Exposition 5

Test for Exposition 5

1、Please select from the following choices the one that does not count as one of goals of SPSE writing.
A、Interest your reader in the problem.
B、Explain your solution clearly.
C、Convince your reader that your solution is not necessarily better than other solutions.
D、---

2、Please select from the following choices the one that is not typical of features of a good solution.
A、Effective at solving the problem.
B、Implemented quickly.
C、Feasible.
D、---

3、During the planning process for solutions, there are some guiding questions to ask yourself to ascertain the best solution. Please select from the following choices the one that fails to stimulate the writer to come up with a good solution.
A、Does one solution sound ambitious?
B、Will people support the solution?
C、Does one solution stand out as the best solution?
D、---

4、Much like other essays in this series, the SPSE essay is organized into three distinct parts. Please select from the following choices the one whose explanation fails to depict its essential features exactly.
A、The introduction: Arouse readers’ interests.
B、The body: Provide details and solutions. It also may evaluate these solutions.
C、The conclusion: Wrap up the essay by linking back to the introduction and explaining any leftover points.
D、---

5、There are also some key linguistic concepts commonly used in SPSE writing. Please select from the following choices the one that is not used to discuss the extent of the problem.
A、The problem is quite serious because …
B、As far as I can see, the main problem is …
C、If the problem is not dealt with …
D、---

6、SPSE stands for situation, problem, solution, evaluation.

7、To write a SPSE essay does not necessarily include the specific context in the writing.

8、In a problem-solution essay, the number of problems and solutions can vary.

9、For the block structure, each problem is followed immediately by the solution to that problem.

10、10.The most common mistake for problem solution essays is not expanding on your ideas and instead simply listing lots of problems and solutions.

Assignment 1

1、You are going to write a comparison and contrast essay based on the given topic. You are going to brainstorm the points, narrow the subject, formulate a thesis statement that presents a clear point, and follow one of the two organizational patterns for writing comparison and contrast essay. Differences between high school life and college life

Lecture 6 Exposition 6

Test for Exposition 6

1、Expository essays seek to make the reader understand something about the subject.

2、Information is presented by detailing how two or more events, concepts, theories, or things are alike and/or different in cause and effect writing.

3、The process essay can be defined as one where the author lists items or events in numerical or chronological sequence, either explicit or implied.

4、4. Transitions are not very important in process writing.

5、In cause and effect essays, the author presents ideas, events in time, or facts as causes and the resulting effect(s) or facts that happen as a result of an event.

6、When writing cause and effect essays, both the cause and the effect of a given topic must be discussed.

7、In the problem and solution essay, the author presents a problem or problems and one or more solutions to the problem(s) and this can take the form of a block or a chain construction.

8、The purpose of process essay is heavily influenced by the topic and the audience.

9、When planning an exposition essay, it is important to consider the writing purpose. One of the common purposes for writing “to persuade”, refers to give information about a subject.

10、10. Although in these lecture series, the various types of expository essay were treated as separate, it is highly likely that you will notice features of multiple types of essay in any paper you read.

Lecture 7 Argumentation 1

Test for Argumentation 1

1、There are mainly two types of arguments, namely Aristotelian and Rogerian. Please select from the following statements the one that describes Rogerian type.
A、It is made either to confirm and strengthen a position or to refute an existing argument.
B、The writer’s objective in using Aristotelian arguments is to actively persuade the reader of a particular point of view.
C、The writer’s goal in utilizing Rogerian arguments is to find a solution that appears reasonable to everyone.
D、---

2、Argumentative writing is different from opinion essay or persuasive writing. Please select from the following excerpts the one that is typical of argumentative composition.
A、As you must know, smoking has terrible effects on the body and, therefore, I strongly believe it is right for governments to totally ban smoking in all public places.
B、While it may be considered as an invasion of personal freedom, scientists from the WHO have emphasized the benefits of outlawing smoking in all public places.
C、I think smoking is bad for one’s health, so governments should ban smoking in all public places.
D、---

3、English argumentative writing usually employs a linear rhetorical style. Please select from the following excerpts the one that represents a linear rhetorical style.
A、Social media is negatively impacting communication because people’s time is being divided among a larger number of contacts. Modern social media has existed for around twenty years. Technologically speaking, twenty years is a long time. Social media has had both positive and negative impacts on communication.
B、Modern social media has existed for around twenty years. Technologically speaking, twenty years is a long time. Social media has had both positive and negative impacts on communication. Social media is negatively impacting communication because people’s time is being divided among a larger number of contacts.
C、Social media is negatively impacting communication because people’s time is being divided among a larger number of contacts. Consequently, the relationship between them and the shared acquaintance may deteriorate due to greater “competition” for attention. This, in turn, is causing a number of widespread social problems.
D、---

4、In English argumentative essays, writers are expected to use a deductive approach. Please select from the following organization templates the one that is typical of deductive approaches.
A、Topical sentence/Claim Supporting evidence Concluding sentence
B、Supporting evidenc Conclusion/Claim
C、Supporting evidence Claim Concluding sentence
D、---

5、Argumentative writing may also vary according to different purposes. Please select the from following statements the one that is inconsistent with the purposes of argumentative writing.
A、Acknowledging and refuting opposing views.
B、Completely altering the reader’s attitudes towards a given theme.
C、Identifying a position and clarifying the issue.
D、---

6、Argumentation is a skill that is also useful in non-academic contexts, such as in professional correspondence and in verbal as well as written situations.

7、Argumentative writing typically employs Rogerian arguments.

8、Argumentative writings aim to convince the reader of their opinion and they do so more “aggressively” by using emotional strategies.

9、In an argumentative essay, a linear rhetorical style means that the writer progresses from one point to the next without repetition or backtracking and with clear and obvious transitions.

10、Inductive approach, also called a “top-down” approach, moves from the more general to the more specific.

Lecture 8 Argumentation 2

Test for Argumentation 2

1、There is no one method to choose an appropriate topic for an argumentative – or any other kind of – essay. However, there are still some guidelines supposed to be obeyed. One of the crucial principles relates to whether a selected topic is debatable. Please select from the following example topics the one that is debatable.
A、The benefits of exercise
B、Whether exercises should be unduly recommended
C、Exercise has many benefits
D、---

2、It is important to choose a topic on which at least some research exists (that you are able to access) and which is not overly complex. Please select from the following example topics the more actionable and researchable one.
A、DNA
B、Alien DNA
C、Human DNA
D、---

3、The words of an essay prompt can usually be divided into three categories: content words, limiting words and task words. Please select from the following statements the correct definitions
A、Content words: Also referred to as the “key words,” these reveal the topic of the essay, that is, what the writer should write about.
B、Limiting words: Also known as “process words,” these provide instructions and tell the writer what to do.
C、Task words: These provide focus and set the topical boundaries of the essay.
D、---

4、Based on the knowledge about content words, limiting words and task words in analyzing an essay prompt, please select the correct category for the italicized part of the following essay prompt: Since the most recent global financial crisis, the balance of power in the international system has changed. Argue in favor of or against this statement.
A、Content word
B、Limiting word
C、Task word
D、---

5、In critical analysis of the essay prompt, a clear and accurate understanding of the task word is essential to analyzing the prompt. Please select from the following examples the one matched with correct meaning.
A、Argue: Take a position on the importance or influence of a particular person or event on someone or something else.
B、Assess: Express a definite point of view and make it convincing through specific reasons and examples.
C、Explain: Clarify the processes or reasons behind a particular phenomenon.
D、---

6、It is important to choose an arguable, researchable and interesting topic when planning an argumentative essay.

7、A mind map is a diagram that is used for visually generating and organizing ideas related to the main topic. It is hierarchical (from least to most specific) and shows

8、Critical analysis means being dismissive, judgmental or necessarily negative.

9、Task words in the essay prompt will provide instructions and tell the writers what to do.

10、For essay prompts without task words, writers will not know what to do with the prompt.

Lecture 9 Argumentation 3

Test for Argumentation 3

1、Thesis statement plays an essential role in composing a successful argumentative writing. Please select from the following statements on thesis statement the incorrect one.
A、A thesis statement is either the direct answer to an essay prompt or a concise summary of the writer’s views on the issue in the prompt.
B、Thesis statement is also an argument but, more specifically, it is the main argument that all other arguments are connected to.
C、Thesis statement is usually only one sentence long.
D、---

2、Thesis statements are actually quite versatile – they do more than specify the writer’s (main) opinion. Please select from the following statements about the functions of thesis statements the wrong one.
A、Revealing the type the essay.
B、Increasing the strength of the argument.
C、Indicating the essay’s content/scope and structure.
D、---

3、There are some guidelines for formulating effective argument. One of such guidelines emphasizes that thesis statements should be phrased as an argument. Please select from the following choices the one that can count as an argument according to this guideline.
A、Juvenile crime can be attributed to three major causes: …
B、This essay discusses three major causes of juvenile crime.
C、What are the major causes of juvenile crime?
D、---

4、Please select from the following choices the most suitable thesis statement based on the essay prompt: Discuss the effects of the Internet on youths today.
A、The invention of the Internet has revolutionised and benefitted society significantly.
B、The Internet has influenced youths both negatively and positively.
C、Although youths today have also benefitted from the Internet, its impact on them is mostly negative.
D、---

5、There is a very large number of logical fallacies such as “either/or”, “Ad hominem” and “Appeal to authority”. Please select from the following choices the one that represents the “Ad hominem” fallacy.
A、If the zoos are closed, it will become illegal to keep pets.
B、This company will surely fail because its CEO is lazy and incompetent.
C、This book will be a best-seller because Yao Ming said it would be.
D、---

6、Thesis statement is the most important sentence of the entire essay.

7、The thesis statement “Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, help to warm the Earth’s surface by trapping solar radiation” serves the function of illustrating the strength of the argument.

8、Thesis statement should pick on side. Based on this, the example “Albert Einstein is responsible for the creation of the atomic bomb, although perhaps this view is unfair since he only developed the science behind it.” is an acceptable thesis statement.

9、Logic is a formal system of analysis that helps writers create, illustrate and prove arguments.

10、A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that weakens or defeats the validity of an argument. It produces an assumption or a belief that is contradictory or false in some way.

Lecture 10 Argumentation 4

Test for Argumentation 4

1、The body of an essay is the most informative and integral part of a composition. Please select from the following statements on the body of an essay the wrong one.
A、There are three fundamental elements of a body paragraph: a topic sentence, supporting sentences and a concluding sentence.
B、The body part should be one-paragraph long as the introduction and conclusion part.
C、After having chosen/analyzed a topic and written the thesis statement, it is best to begin writing the body because the introduction needs to reflect the body.
D、---

2、The argument (thesis) of an argumentative essay neither needs nor should be repeated in the body of the essay. Thus, it is only ever necessary to write claims, rather than arguments, in the body of the essay. Please select from the following statements the incorrect claims for in an essay where the thesis is Every residential neighborhood should have a park.
A、We should have more parts because it affords many benefits.
B、Parks help to create a more harmonious community.
C、Children who have access to a park tend to be healthier.
D、---

3、Since the primary purpose of a topic sentence is to communicate the claim of the paragraph, it should be as concise as possible. Please select from the following topic sentence exemplars the one that is in line with this principle.
A、Poor diet and insufficient exercise results in this problem.
B、While sleep deprivation among high school students can be partially attributed to high levels of stress, which are particularly common in their final year of study, this issue is primarily rooted in poor diet and insufficient exercise.
C、While this may be one cause of the problem, it is primarily due to poor diet and insufficient exercise.
D、---

4、Common transitions in topic sentences also play crucial role in communicating the argument without losing fluidity of ideas. Please select from the following transitions the group that achieves the goal of “Add, reinforce, express agreement, show similarity”.
A、In contrast, However, Although, Whereas, Despite, In spite of, Nevertheles.
B、First/Second/, etc., In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, Similarly, In comparison, What is more, Not only…but also, Likewise, also, and.
C、Due to/Because of, With this in mind, In view of, Given, On (the) condition (that), Provided that.
D、---

5、Please select from the following pairs the wrong match for a body part which contains thesis, claim and evidence.
A、Thesis: Parents should encourage their children to read more fiction novels.
B、Claim: IQ is the most common measure of intelligence.
C、Evidence: Research has shown that children who read at least one fiction novel per month performed better on IQ tests than those who do not.
D、---

6、Any essay includes three basic components: an introduction, a body and a conclusion.

7、The procedure of writing a body paragraph should go like this: (1) Decide what the claim is that will be developed in the paragraph. (2) Write the topic sentence containing the claim. (3) Collect the evidence to be used to support the claim. (4) Organize the evidence logically. (5) Develop the claim using the evidence. (6) Write a concluding sentence.

8、In an argumentative essay, the argument is equivalent to the thesis, which is divided into several sub-arguments or claims.

9、The transitions “In view of, Given, On (the) condition (that), Provided that, Owing to, Unless” serve the functions of giving alternatives, showing contrast, expressing opposition.

10、The supporting sentences contain the evidence that supports and develops the claim.

Lecture 11 Argumentation 5

Test for Argumentation 5

1、A counterclaim (also referred to as “counterargument”) is a statement that has been or might be made by someone who disagrees with your claim.

2、To refer to someone unspecific with a different viewpoint, the following phrases can be used: critics, detractors, challengers, compes, enemies and rivals.

3、Different language and grammar needs to be used to signal whether a counterclaim has actually been made or might only be potentially made.

4、The following are some examples of (partial) existing counterclaims: It can/could be argued [by sb.] that…; It may/might be contended [by sb.] that…

5、A rebuttal is a response to an existing or potential counterclaim.

6、Rebuttals support and reinforce the claim by “disarming” – either completely or partially – the counterclaim.

7、Among various approaches to rebutting counterclaims, the technique of comparing and contrasting involves making an assessment about the accuracy, significance or persuasiveness – in other words, the value – of something.

8、The rebuttal approach of definition and reinterpretation refers to questioning someone’s understanding of a concept or offering a different interpretation of it. It is often combined with a negation, which refers to the contradiction or denial of something.

9、One of the ways of finding counterclaims is to speak with others (friends, classmates, teachers, workmates, family members, etc.). Their comments can be included in the essay.

10、After doing research and/or speaking with others to find counterclaims, it is possible that you may change your own views, causing you to revise your thesis.

Lecture 12 Argumentation 6

Test for Argumentation 6

1、When structuring an argumentative body paragraph, although writers can chose one approach that suits their purposes and interests most, some guidelines should always be obeyed. Please select from the following practices the one that satisfy the guideline of being logical.
A、Providing evidence and giving a counterclaim first before a warrant.
B、Using transitions and signaling phrases to link sentences with contrasting functions.
C、Using a different organizational logic for every paragraph.
D、---

2、There are three broad categories of structuring argumentative essays. Please select from the following statements the one that correctly describes the features of given approach.
A、Integrated model: In this model, some elements are contained in one paragraph and others are contained in another paragraph that follows.
B、Semi-integrated model: In this model, all elements are contained in one paragraph.
C、Split model: In this model, the elements are spread out over several paragraphs.
D、---

3、Another approach to writing the (entire) body of an argumentative essay can be called more genuinely Rogerian. Please select from the following descriptions the one that fails to match with Rogerian approach.
A、It is more persuasive and convincing compared to other approaches.
B、Each body unit can be fully developed with a topic sentence, evidence, a warrant and a concluding sentence.
C、It involves presenting each side of an issue in separate body units.
D、---

4、There are three key features that should be included in an introduction: Background information, Thesis statement, Purpose and structure of essay. Please select from the following descriptions the incorrect one.
A、Background information helps to frame the composition as an argumentative essay.
B、The purpose and structure of the essay are specified either in the middle or at the end of the introduction.
C、Thesis statement allows them to become “tuned in” to the problem under discussion.
D、---

5、Please select from the following choices the one whose category and substantiated examples mismatch according to the knowledge on the essential features of conclusion part in argumentative writing, which focuses on arguing that “the amount of time children spend in direct sunlight should be controlled by their parents”.
A、Summary of the main points: A number of examples has been provided to demonstrate both university students’ ability to circumvent such restrictions as well as how their learning would be impaired.
B、Closing statement: In light of the above analysis, it can be deduced that limiting university students’ access to the Internet and electronic devices would produce few benefits.
C、Limitations: Since the study only considered undergraduate students, it is uncertain to what extent the same conclusion can be made in the case of postgraduate students.
D、---

6、There are many different ways to organize evidence, warrants, counterclaims and rebuttals in an argumentative essay.

7、It is always necessary for every paragraph to have a topic sentence and a concluding sentence.

8、Each supporting element does have to be limited to only one sentence.

9、Background information demonstrates why the problem is important and worthy of discussion. This raises the audience’s interest and motivation to read the essay.

10、There are four key features that should be included in a conclusion: Restatement of the thesis, Summary of the main points, Limitations and Closing statement.

Assignment 2

1、Please argue for or against the following statement: "Focusing on grammar is essential when learning a foreign language".

Lecture 13 Argumentation 7

Test for Argumentation 7

1、Evidence in argumentation can be classified as two categories: primary sources and secondary sources. Please select from the following statements the one that misinterprets these two categories.
A、“Primary” means most important.
B、Most academic literature is chiefly composed of secondary sources.
C、Secondary sources are generally considered as less reliable.
D、---

2、Not just any evidence can, or should, be used in an argumentative essay. It should fulfill some criteria. Please select from the following statements the one with the right description.
A、Credible: This means that the evidence is clear, logical and meaningful. It should convince.
B、Effective: This means that the source of the evidence is reliable and trustworthy.
C、Relevant: This means that the evidence is related directly to the topic or claim being made.
D、---

3、There are many tips to decide whether a source is credible. Please select from the following examples the credible one.
A、Publicly editable encyclopedias or “wikis” (e.g. Baidu Baike, Wikipedia)
B、https://eric.ed.gov
C、https:// emerald.edn.org
D、---

4、Direst and indirect speech are two common ways of using evidence to support the author’s argument in argumentative writing. Please select from the following statements the one with the right description.
A、When using indirect speech, the meaning of the original text can be altered in some ways.
B、When using direct speech, it may be necessary to add information to the quotation for purposes of clarification.
C、Special attention may need to be given to verbs and words that refer to time and place when using indirect speech.
D、---

5、In order to use quoted evidence effectively and cohesively, it is important to select suitable reporting verbs. Please select from the following examples the one with wrong reporting verb.
A、The author proposed whether humans would ever create a city on Mars.
B、The author suggested that countries significantly curb their output of CO2.
C、The author advised people to protect the environment in order to save the planet.
D、---

6、Secondary sources refer to information collected by one person that has been interpreted or processed in some way by someone else, who may or may not be an expert.

7、In the case of academic essays, the majority of evidence is taken from primary sources.

8、The reliability of a source may be in question if it contains copious advertisements, irrelevant pictures, broken links, or if the layout looks outdated or uneven.

9、It is usually preferable to use direct speech in academic writing.

10、Reporting verbs not only signal that the information they introduce is from another source but they also indicate or summarise the attitude or purpose of the author(s).

Lecture 14 Argumentation 8

Test for Argumentation 8

1、Avoiding plagiarism is only one reason why citing is important and useful. There are also other crucial reasons for citing. Pleases select from the following statements the wrong one.
A、Validating or adding credibility to the paper’s argument/claims by demonstrating that other writers share the same or similar opinion(s).
B、Demonstrating your superior understanding or awareness of the subject area.
C、Allowing the reader to consult the original source(s) independently to verify any information or for further reading.
D、---

2、There are two primary approaches to citing, namely, author-prominent style and information-prominent style. Please select from the following statements about the two citing approaches the wrong one.
A、The author’s surname should appear in the text introducing the quoted information for author-prominent style.
B、The author’s surname along with all other details that are necessary in a citation should be placed in parentheses and not referred to directly for information-prominent style.
C、It is common to use the passive for author-prominent style.
D、---

3、There are some required details in citations. Please select from the following the unnecessary one.
A、The media of print.
B、The author’s surname.
C、Year of publication.
D、---

4、When deciding which referencing system to use, there are some guidelines to follow. Please select from the following the incorrect one.
A、If there is no such common standard, then use the referencing system most commonly used in your discipline or in your source materials.
B、Ask your teacher/supervisor or university department whether they normally use a particular referencing system and choose the easiest one to use.
C、If your discipline uses different referencing systems with equal frequency, then choose the one you feel most comfortable using.
D、---

5、There are some basic guidelines must be followed in order to create a correctly arranged reference list according to the Harvard referencing system. Please select from the following the inaccurate one.
A、The references must be arranged in alphabetical order according to the (first) author’s surname.
B、If a date of publication cannot be found, then it is acceptable to omit it.
C、Where there is more than one author, the order of their names as they appear on the cover or title page of the publication must be maintained, even if they are not in alphabetical order.
D、---

6、Good academic practice requires acknowledging and identifying the work of others through a citation.

7、Citations must be provided whenever someone else’s statements, opinions, ideas, theories or data are used. Sources like books, journals, newspapers should be cited but other sources like interviews, podcasts, websites, videos need not cited.

8、Citations can also improve the quality and impact of the text.

9、If information from the same source is quoted again without a citation to a different source in between, then the date still needs to be cited again.

10、A bibliography is not the same as reference – it may include additional sources that the writer consulted but did not use in the text.

Lecture 15 Argumentation 9

Test for Argumentation 9

1、Academic style is formal and holds special requirements for grammar and word choice. Please select from the following examples the comparatively more academic one.
A、talk/think about
B、an increasing number of
C、lots of
D、---

2、Please select from the following words or phrases the informal one.
A、privileged
B、substantial
C、go down
D、---

3、There are two main components of tone including emphatic and hedging language. Please select from the following examples the emphatic one.
A、There is absolutely no way this unbelievable theory could ever be proved.
B、There is little evidence to support this theory at this time.
C、This theory may possibly be quite reasonable to some extent.
D、---

4、There are also a wide range of emphatic and hedging words including verbs, adjectives and nouns. Please select from the following word lists the one that contains mismatched example.
A、Emphatic words: always, extremely, massive, obvious
B、Hedging words: likely, possible, probable, seeming
C、Hedging words: possibly, presumably, probably, truth
D、---

5、There are some style guidelines to follow for an academically acceptable writing such as gender-neutral words and accurate vocabulary. Please select from the following examples the one that violates these principles.
A、Using plural third-person pronouns (they, their, them, theirs) when the gender is unspecified rather than singular third-person pronouns (he/she, his/her, him, hers).
B、Using words like retarded, stupid, ugly, lazy, skinny, fat, horrible/horribly, terrible/terribly, lovely.
C、Using conjunctions and linking phrases to signal new sections instead of numbering sections of text.
D、---

6、In argumentative writing, it is generally expected that writers express their views and formulate their arguments in a personal, subjective and emotionally manner.

7、Tone refers to the degree of directness with which the writer writes and the amount of emphasis they use to make an argument.

8、Using too much emphatic language or too little hedging language can cause the text to come across as being subjective or emotional.

9、Words like appear, believe, imply, indicate, seem, suggest, tend to are more emphatic.

10、Jargon refers to the language, or vocabulary, that is typically used by a particular group of people or within a particular context. It forms an important and unique feature of that group’s identity.

Final exam

大学英语写作二（说明文、议论文）期末考试

1、Essay topic: Technology is limiting creativity. To what extent do you agree or disagree?