中国大学人体结构学_1期末答案(慕课2023课后作业答案)
25 min read中国大学人体结构学_1期末答案(慕课2023课后作业答案)
Introduction随堂测验
1、中国A coronal plane divides the body into which of the following?大学
A、anterior and posterior portions
B、人体superior and inferior portions
C、结构lateral and medial portions
D、学期anterior and medial portion
2、末答A horizontal plane divides the body into which of the following?案慕案
A、superior and inferior portions
B、课课distal and proximal portions
C、后作anterior and posterior portions
D、业答internal and external portions
3、中国In the international accepted anatomical position,大学 the feet are together and the palms of the hands face____
A、anteriorly
B、人体posteriorly
C、结构laterally
D、学期medially
Introduction练习
1、A coronal plane divides the body into which of the following?
A、anterior and posterior portions
B、superior and inferior portions
C、lateral and medial portions
D、anterior and medial portion
E、internal and external portion
2、In the international accepted 'anatomical position', the feet are together and the palms of the hands face to ？
A、anteriorly
B、posteriorly
C、laterally
D、medially
E、superiorly
3、The area of the body nearer to the front (shown as direction C on the image) is referred to as ？
A、medial
B、anterior
C、lateral
D、superficial
E、posterior
4、A horizontal plane divides the body into which of the following?
A、distal and proximal portions
B、superior and inferior portions
C、anterior and posterior portions
D、internal and external portions
5、What is a normal human body temperature?
A、36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F)
B、37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9 °F)
C、40.0 or 41.5 °C (104.0 or 106.7 °F)
D、36.5–38.0 °C (97.7–100.4 °F)
Introduction测验
1、Which is not correct for descripting standard anatomical position?
A、keep upright
B、eyes are straight ahead
C、Hands and toes are forward
D、Palm and toe forward
E、The upper limbs hang on both sides of the trunk
2、Which plane divides the body into left and right (sinister and dexter) portions?
A、horizontal plane
B、sagittal plane
C、coronal plane
D、frontal plane
E、transverse plane
3、The sagittal and coronal sutures meet at the:
A、bregma
B、asterion
C、pterion
D、lambda
E、glabella
4、As shown in following picture, what does B indicate?
A、coronal plan
B、sagittal plane
C、horizontal plane
D、transverse plane
E、coronal plane
5、What is the anatomical name for the sole of the foot?
A、the dorsum
B、the plantar surface
C、the palmar surface
D、the external surface
E、the anterior surface
6、Which surface of the hand is shown by point 3 in the following picture?
A、the plantar surface
B、the dorsal surface
C、the palmar surface
D、the lateral surface
E、the medial surface
7、Two areas located on the same side of the body (left or right) are said to be
A、ipsilateral
B、contralateral
C、mediolateral
D、circumlateral
E、heteromeral
8、Two areas located on opposite sides of the body are said to be
A、circumlateral
B、contralateral
C、ipsilateral
D、mediolateral
E、heteromeral
9、What is a normal human body temperature?
A、36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F)
B、37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9 °F)
C、40.0 or 41.5 °C (104.0 or 106.7 °F)
D、36.5–38.0 °C (97.7–100.4 °F)
E、36.0–37.5 °C (96.8–99.5 °F)
第2章 骨学总论 关节学总论
Bone & articular随堂测验
1、An 18-year-old boy was suspected of having leukemia. It was decided to confirm the diagnosis by performing a bone marrow biopsy. The following statementsconcerning this procedure are correct except which one?
A、The biopsy was taken from the lower end of the tibi
B、Red bone marrow specimens can be obtained from the sternum orthe iliac crests
C、At birth, the marrow of all bones of the body is red and hematopoietic
D、The blood-forming activity of bone marrow in many long bones gradually lessens with age, and the red marrow is gradually replaced by yellow marrow
2、Lifting the shoulders towards the ears is an example of ____
A、Elevation
B、Circumduction
C、Rotation
D、Extension
3、From the anatomical position, turning the palm to face the body is an example of ____
A、medial rotation
B、lateral rotation
C、circumduction
D、adduction
Bone & articular 练习
1、A 69-year-old woman fracture her humerus during a motor vehicle accident. Which of these types of bone will most likely be seen in a biopsy taken from the healing arez?
A、Woven
B、Cancellous
C、Compact
D、Spongy
E、Trabecular
2、An 18-year-old boy was suspected of having leukemia. It was decided to confirm the diagnosis by performing a bone marrow biopsy. The following statements concerning this procedure are correct except which one?
A、The biopsy was taken from the lower end of the tibi
B、Red bone marrow specimens can be obtained from the sternum orthe iliac crests
C、At birth, the marrow of all bones of the body is red and hematopoietic
D、The blood-forming activity of bone marrow in many long bones gradually lessens with age, and the red marrow is gradually replaced by yellow marrow
E、By the time the person becomes adult, red marrow is restricted to the bonesof the skull, the vertebral column, the thoracic cage, the girdle bones, and the head of the humerus and femur
3、From the anatomical position, turning the palm to face the body is an example of …
A、medial rotation
B、lateral rotation
C、circumduction
D、adduction
E、flexion
4、Lifting the shoulders towards the ears is an example of …
A、Elevation
B、Circumduction
C、Rotation
D、Extension
E、Eversion
5、A 7-year-old boy is referred to the endocrine clinic with short stature, rhizomelic shortening of the arms and legs, a disproportionately long trunk, trident hands, midfacial hypoplasia, prominent forehead (frontal bossing), thoracolumbar gibbus, and megalencephaly. Radiological examination by MRI reveals caudal narrowing of the interpedicular spaces of T1 and T2 vertebrae and spinal stenosis at L2 to L4. Genetic analysis reveals a gain of function mutation, G1138A, in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3), band 4p16.3.His parents are requesting the initiation of treatmentwith growth hormone. The endocrinologist is concerned about harmful growth hormone effects: deposition of abnormally formed bone and worsening of the patient's kyphoscoliosis. During this child's postnatal development, which one of the following is the most likely effect of the FGFR3 gene mutation?
A、Decreased bone deposition under the periosteum
B、Decreased proliferation of osteoblasts in the primary ossification center
C、Decreased proliferation of osteoblasts in the secondary ossification center
D、Decreased appositional growth of chondroblasts in the primary ossification center
E、Decreased interstitial growth of chondroblasts in the epiphyses
Bone & articular 测验
1、Which bone does belong to the long bone?
A、sternum
B、costal bone
C、humerus
D、parietal bone
E、scapula
2、Which bone does belong to the short bone？
A、occipital bone
B、temporal bone
C、cuboid bone
D、fibula
E、ischium
3、Which bone does belong to the flat bone？
A、tibia
B、patella
C、sphenoid bone
D、zygomatic bone
E、costal bone
4、Which bone does belong to the irregular bone？
A、vertebrae
B、phalanges of fingers
C、sternum
D、radius
E、ulna
5、The bone which have the diaphysis and epiphysis is
A、short bone
B、flat bone
C、long bone
D、irregular bone
E、sesamoid bone
6、The structure which plays the hematopoietic function is
A、yellow marrow
B、spongy bone
C、periosteum
D、red marrow
E、compact bone
7、Which is the accessory structure of synovial joint?
A、articular surface, articular disc, ligament
B、ligament ,articular capsule, articular surface
C、ligament, articular cavity, articular disc
D、articular cavity ,synovial fold, synovial bursa
E、articular labrum, ligament, synovial fold
8、Pulling the jaw back is an example of
A、retrusion
B、abduction
C、depression
D、revover
E、restore
9、Pushing the jaw forwards is an example of
A、reposition
B、protrusion
C、retrusion
D、extension
E、extrusion
10、Flexing the foot at the ankle is called
A、inversion
B、dorsiflexion
C、plantarflexion
D、flexion
E、extension
11、Extending the foot at the ankle is called
A、dorsiflexion
B、inversion
C、plantarflexion
D、flexion
E、extension
12、Lifting the shoulders towards the ears is an example of
A、elevation
B、extension
C、eversion
D、inversion
E、flexion
13、What is the anatomical name for pushing down the shoulders?
A、contraction
B、abduction
C、depression
D、flexion
E、eversion
14、How many bones does a normal adult have?
A、204
B、206
C、208
D、200
E、210
15、Which of the following is one of the most commonly fractured bones of the body?
A、the calcaneus
B、a rib
C、the clavicle
D、the tibia
E、the vertebra
16、How many major types of synovial joint are there?
A、6
B、8
C、3
D、4
E、5
17、The metatarsophalangeal joints are which type of synovial joints?
A、saddle joints
B、hinge joints
C、condyloid joints
D、pivot joints
E、spheroidal joints
18、The knee joint is a compound of two synovial joint types; what are they?
A、a condyloid and a plane joint
B、a condyloid and a saddle joint
C、a saddle and a hinge joint
D、a condyloid and a pivot joint
E、a plane joint and a pivot joint
19、Due to it's very loose joint capsule, the most mobile joint of the human body is the
A、the acetabulofemoral joint
B、the radiocarpal joint
C、glenohumeral joint
D、knee joint
E、ankle joint
20、Which type of synovial joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
A、saddle joint
B、pivot joint
C、hinge joint
D、ellipsoidal joint
E、plane joint
21、The fibrous joint between the tibia and the fibula (the distal tibiofibular joint), which allows slight movement, is an example of _____
A、symphysis
B、syndesmosis
C、gomphosis
D、connection
E、articular disc
22、The pubic symphysis is a type of _____
A、synostosis
B、plane joint
C、cartilaginous joint
D、synchondrosis
E、suture
23、A band of fibrous connective tissue connecting one bone to another is called ______
A、ligament
B、tendon
C、muscle
D、articulation
E、suture
24、Label number 1 in the diagram indicates which part of the bone?
A、metaphysis
B、diaphysis
C、medullary cavity
D、periosteum
E、compact bone
25、Which bone does belong to the long bone?
A、sternum
B、costal bone
C、femur
D、parietal bone
E、scapula
26、The structure that functions as hematopoietic is ______
A、red marrow
B、yellow marrow
C、periosteum
D、spongy bone
E、compact bone
27、Intramembranous ossification differs from endochondral ossification in the _______
A、Action of osteoblasts
B、Light microscopic appearance of the adult bone
C、Ultrastructural appearance of the adult bone
D、Presence of woven bone early in the ossification process
E、Microenvironment in which ossification occurs
28、The structure that functions as regeneration and repair is ______
A、red marrow
B、yellow marrow
C、periosteum
D、spongy bone
E、compact bone
29、The sternoclavicular joint
A、has two separate joint cavities
B、lies at the level of the second costal cartilage
C、is strengthened by the conoid ligament
D、is a fibrous joint
E、has none of the above properties
30、What do we mean by an "articulation"?
A、a cavity within a bone
B、a small, rough projection or bump
C、an area where bones contact each other
D、a prominent ridge
E、a small, flattened articular surface
第3章 躯干骨及其连接
Trunk bone & joints随堂测验
1、A surgeon is first on the scene after a serious automobile accident. He finds a passenger bleeding profusely from the neck and correctly surmises that bleeding is from the carotid artery. To control the bleeding, the surgeon can compress the carotid artery against the anterior tubercle of which the following vertebrae?
A、Sixth cervical
B、Second cervical
C、Third cervical
D、Fourth cervical
2、Which joint has the articular disc?
A、shoulder joint
B、sternoclavicular joint
C、elbow joint
D、hip joint
3、Concerning the cervical vertebrae, the right description is
A、all cervical vertebrae have vertebral body and articular process
B、the first cervical vertebra has no transverse foramen
C、the end of the spinous process of the cervical vertebrae bifurcated entirely
D、the articular facets are relatively horizontal
Trunk bone & joints 练习
1、A resident physician is performing a pelvic examination on a young woman. The fingers of one of her hands are in the patient's vagina, planting the cervix. The other hand is pressing on the abdomen. With the palm of this hand,the physician feels a bony structure in the lower midline. This structure is most likely the
A、Pubis
B、Coccyx
C、Ilium
D、Ischium
E、Sacrum
2、A neonate has a prominent defect at the base of this spine through which his meninges and spinal cord protrude. A failure of which the following processes is the most common cause of this type of defect?
A、Fusion of the vertebral arches
B、Development of the body
C、Development of the pedicle
D、Development of primary vertebral ossification centers
E、Development of the superior articular process
3、A surgeon is first on the scene after a serious automobile accident. He finds a passenger bleeding profusely from the neck and correctly surmises that bleeding is from the carotid artery. To control the bleeding, the surgeon can compress the carotid artery against the anterior tubercle of which the following vertebrae?
A、Sixth cervical
B、Second cervical
C、Third cervical
D、Fourth cervical
E、Fifth cervical
4、A resident physician demonstrating the correct technique for inserting a subclavian central venous line. He has a medical student palpate the clavicle, then the chest wall below it. The first bony structure that can be palpated below the inferior margin of the medical portion of the clavicle is the
A、second rib
B、acromion
C、atlas
D、first rib
E、manubrium
5、During a football game,a player sustain a powerful blow to the lateral side of weight-bearing leg. He experiences excruciating knee pain and is unable to talk. The three structures most likely to be injured are the
A、anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments and the medial meniscus
B、anterior cruciate and lateral collateral ligaments and the lateral meniscus
C、posterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments and the lateral meniscus
D、posterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments and medial meniscus
E、anterior cruciate and lateral collateral ligaments and the medial meniscus
Trunk bone & joints 测验
1、Concerning the intervertebral disc, the right description is
A、22 in number in adults
B、is a symphysis between vertebral arches
C、is composed of anulus fibrous and nucleus pulposus
D、the nucleus pulposus protrude anterorlaterally easily
E、the anulus fibrosus is an inner soft, highly elastic structure
2、A 68-year-old man is admitted to the hospital due to severe back pain. Radiologic examination reveals severe osteoporosis of the vertebral column, with compression fractures to vertebrae L4 and L5. Which of the following parts of the vertebrae are most likely to be fractured in this patient?
A、Spinous process
B、Vertebral bodies
C、Transverse process
D、Superior articular process
E、Intervertebral disc
3、Concerning the cervical vertebrae, the right description is
A、all cervical vertebrae have vertebral body and articular process
B、the first cervical vertebra has no transverse foramen
C、the end of the spinous process of the cervical vertebrae bifurcated entirely
D、the articular facets are relatively horizontal
E、the first cervical vertebra is called axis
4、Sacrum
A、is made up of four fused vertebrae
B、the base of it is downward
C、the auricular surface is on the anterior surface
D、the anterior sacral foramina is not communicating with sacral canal
E、have four pairs of posterior sacral foramina
5、Sternum
A、is made of manubrium and xiphoid
B、the sternal angle connects the fourth costal cartilage laterally
C、the body has a series of articular facets with the first to seventh costal cartilages laterally
D、the body has the jugular notch
E、the sternal angle lies opposite the lower border of T4 posteriorly
6、Concerning the ribs, the right description is
A、the ribs are eleven in number on each side
B、1st~8th Ribs are called true ribs
C、8th~11th Ribs are called false ribs
D、the anterior end is called costal angle
E、the posterior end of rib enlarged to form the costal head
7、Inferior angle of scapula marks the level of
A、the 2th rib
B、the 7th rib
C、the spine of the 2nd thoracic vertebra
D、the spine of the 7th thoracic vertebra
E、the spine of the 10th thoracic vertebra
8、Which ligaments associate with the lamina of vertebral arch adjacently?
A、anterior longitudinal ligament
B、posterior longitudinal ligament
C、ligamenta flava
D、interspinal ligament
E、supraspinal ligament
9、Sternoclavicular joint
A、is the only joint between the upper limb and the trunk
B、is formed by the sternal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notch of sternum
C、its capsule is thin and loose
D、has no the articular disc
E、it can elevate and depress only
10、Which joint has the articular disc?
A、shoulder joint
B、sternoclavicular joint
C、elbow joint
D、hip joint
E、talocrural joint
11、A 39-year-old man presents with severe neck pain after a whiplash injury, sustained when his car was struck from the behind. Radiologic studies reveal trauma to the ligament lying on the front surface of the cervical vertebral bodies. Which ligament is most likely disrupted?
A、Anterior longitudinal ligament
B、Ligamentum flavum
C、Nuchal ligament
D、Posterior longitudinal ligament
E、Transverse cervical ligament
12、40-year-old woman survived a car crash in which her neck was hyperextended when her vehicle was struck from behind. At the emergency department, a plain radiograph of her cervical spine revealed a fracture of the odontoid process (dens). Which of the following was also most likely injured?
A、Anterior arch of the atlas
B、Posterior tubercle of the atlas
C、Atlanto-occipital joint
D、Inferior articular process of the axis
E、Anterior tubercle of the atlas
13、A 29-year-old female elite athlete was lifting heavy weights during an intense training session. The athlete felt severe pain radiate suddenly to the posterior aspect of her right thigh and leg. The patient was taken to the hospital where an MRI was performed, and the result picture has been shown below. Which nerve was most probably affected?
A、L3
B、L4
C、L2
D、L5
E、S1
14、A heavily built, middle-aged man running down a flight of stone steps misjudged the position of one of the steps and fell suddenly onto his buttocks. Following the fall, he complained of severe bruising of the area of the cleft between the buttocks and persistent pain in this area. The following statements concerning the patient are correct except which?
A、The lower end of the vertebral column was traumatized by the stone step
B、The coccyx can be palpated beneath the skin in the natal cleft
C、The anterior surface of the coccyx can not be felt clinically
D、The coccyx is usually severely bruised or fractured
E、The pain is felt in the distribution of dermatomes S4 and S5
15、During an automobile accident, a person sustains a "broken neck" and after a small bony fragment is driven into his spinal cord. Form which of the following bones was this fragment most likely derived?
A、Atlas
B、Axis
C、Seventh cervical vertebrae
D、Sixth cervical vertebrae
E、Fifth cervical vertebrae
16、A resident physician demonstrating the correct technique for inserting a subclavian central venous line. He has a medical student palpate the clavicle, then the chest wall below it. The first bony structure that can be palpated below the inferior margin of the medical portion of the clavicle is the
A、acromion
B、atlas
C、first rib
D、manubrium
E、second rib
17、A surgeon is first on the scene after a serious automobile accident. He finds a passenger bleeding profusely from the neck and correctly surmises that bleeding is from the carotid artery. To control the bleeding, the surgeon can compress the carotid artery against the anterior tubercle of which the following vertebrae?
A、second cervical
B、third cervical
C、fourth cervical
D、fifth cervical
E、sixth cervical
18、A resident physician is performing a pelvic examination on a young woman. The fingers of one of her hands are in the patient's vagina, planting the cervix. The other hand is pressing on the abdomen. With the palm of this hand,the physician feels a bony structure in the lower midline. This structure is most likely the
A、Coccyx
B、Ilium
C、Ischium
D、Pubis
E、Sacrum
第4章 四肢骨及其连接
Upper limb随堂测验
1、Scapula
A、It is a free upper limb bone
B、The inferior angle of scapula is at the same level as the superior border of the 7th rib
C、The line of the inferior angle of the scapula passes through the 7th thoracic spine process
D、The coracoid process is a projection of the Lateral scapular notch
2、Which of the following does not belong to the free upper limb bone
A、the humerus
B、the ulna
C、the radius
D、the clavicle
3、The elbow joints include
A、humeroulnar joint
B、humeroradial joint
C、proximal radioulnar joint
D、radiocarpal joint
Lower limb随堂测验
1、The type of femoral fracture most likely to result in avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adults is ____
A、Acetabular
B、Cervical
C、Intertrochanteric (between the trochanters)
D、Subtrochanteric
2、Which of the following is true of the obturator foramen?
A、The obturator foramen is enclosed by the pubis and ischium
B、The obturator foramen consists of the ilium, pubis, and ischium
C、The obturator foramen is formed by the sacrum and the ischium
D、The obturator foramen lies behind and above the hip bone
3、What is the bone that makes up the knee joint?
A、Femur, tibia
B、Femur, tibia,fibula
C、Femur, tibia, fibula, patella
D、Femur, tibia, patella
Upper limb 练习
1、A 24-year-old man present with pain in his right wrist that resulted when he fall hard on his outstretched that hand. Radiographic studies indicate an anterior dislocation of a proximal row carpal row carpal bone. Which of the following bones was dislocates?
A、Capitate
B、Lunate
C、Scaphoid
D、Trapezoid
E、Triquetrum
2、A 26-year-old accountant trips over a brief case and falls onto his outstretched hand. You suspect a fracture of a carpal bone. Which of the following is most likely fractured?
A、pisiform
B、lunate
C、triquetrum
D、scaphoid
E、capitate
3、A 72-year-old woman trips over the edge of the carpet and falls forward onto the floor. A common reflex reaction to tripping and falling forward is to extend ones hands to ease the impact of striking the floor. She presents to the ER holding her left arm with her right hand. There is an obvious posterior displacement of the left distal wrist and hand that looks like a dinner fork. Which bone(s) is/are likely involved in a classic Colles fracture?
A、Always the ulna and sometimes the radius
B、Always the radius and sometimes the ulna
C、Always the ulna and sometimes the scaphoid
D、Always the radius and sometimes the trapezium
E、Only the ulna
4、A workman accidentally lacerated his wrist major in the ulnar side, as long as the half of the transverse wrist. On exploration of the wound, a vessel and nerve are found to have been severed, but no muscle tendons were damaged. Which of the following thumb movements would be abolished?
A、Abduction
B、Adduction
C、Extension
D、Opposition
E、Flexion
5、A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency room after being found in the park where apparently he had lain overnight after a fall. He complains of severe pain in the left arm. Physical examination suggests that he has a broken humerus, which is confirmed radiologically. The patient can extend the forearm at the elbow, but supination appears to be somewhat weak; the hand grasp is very weak when compared with the uninjured arm. Neurologic examination reveals an inability to extend the wrist ("wrist drop"). Since these findings point to apparent nerve damage, the patient is scheduled for a surgical reduction of the fracture. Two sets of movements occur at the elbow: flexion-extension and supination-pronation. The number of degrees of freedom at the radiohumeral joint is …
A、one
B、two
C、three
D、four
E、five
6、A 23-year-old woman wearing high-heeled shoes inverts and sprains her while running down a flight of stairs. Which of the following ligaments did she most likely injure?
A、Anterior talotibial
B、Calcaneofibular
C、Calcaneotibular
D、Deltoid
E、Medical collateral
7、An elderly woman with ostepoprosis is taken the emergency department following a fall. One of her legs appears shortened and is externally rotated. A fracture of which part of the femur is suggested by these finding?
A、greater trochanter
B、Lateral epicondyle
C、Medical epicondyle
D、Neck
E、Shaft
8、A 26-year-old man was running across a field when he caught his right foot in a rabbit hole. As he fell, the right foot was violently rotated laterally and overeverted. On attempting to stand, he could place no weight on his right foot. On examination by a physician, the right ankle was considrably swollen, especially on the lateral side. After further examination, including a radiograph of the ankle, a diagnosis of severe fracture dislocation of the ankle joint was made. The following statements concerning this patient are correct except which?
A、This type of fracture dislocation is caused by forced external rotation and overeversion of the foot.
B、The talus is extennally rotated against the lateral malleolus of the fibula, causing it to fracture.
C、The torsion effect on the lateral malleolus produces a spiral fracture.
D、The medial ligament of the ankle joint is strong and never ruptures.
E、If the talus is forced to move farther laterally and continues to rotate, the posterior inferior margin of the tibia will be sheared off.
9、A patient experienced a prolonged stay in one position during a recent surgery and postoperative recovery that resulted in compression of the common peroneal nerve against the fibular head. Inversion of the foot is still intact although weakened. Which of the following motor deficits would be most likely to occur?
A、Loss of extension at the knee
B、Loss of plantar flexion
C、Loss of flexion at the knee
D、Loss of eversion
E、Loss of medial rotation of the tibia
10、A 71-year-old grandmother falls halfway down the basement stairs while carrying a laundry basket. She does not lose consciousness, but sits at the bottom of the stairs "gathering her wits" and the scattered laundry. She Halfway does not think she fractured any bones as she can move all her limbs. Her husband, who hears the noise helps her stand up. It is then that she feels a slight pain in her left hip on weight bearing. She limps for the rest of the day. The next morning her husband brings her into their family physician's office where it is noted that she walks with her pelvis tilted as if her left leg is slightly shorter than the right. She still has left hip pain. A plain film is ordered of the left femur from hip to the knee expecting to find which one of the following?
A、Femoral neck fracture with compression
B、Femoral neck fracture with complet displacement
C、A spiral fracture of the femoral shaft
D、A transverse supracondylar fracture
E、An intercondylar fracture
Upper limb 测验
1、During a football game,a player sustain a powerful blow to the lateral side of weight-bearing leg. He experiences excruciating knee pain and is unable to talk. The three structures most likely to be injured are the
A、anterior cruciate and lateral collateral ligaments and the lateral meniscus
B、anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments and the medial meniscus
C、posterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments and the lateral meniscus
D、posterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments and medial meniscus
E、anterior cruciate and lateral collateral ligaments and the medial meniscus
2、Where is the “sulcus for radial nerve” located？
A、humerus
B、radius
C、ulna
D、femur
3、In which direction, the dislocation of the shoulder joint most likely to occur?
A、posterior
B、anterior
C、anterior inferior
D、lateral
4、A 72-year-old woman trips over the edge of the carpet and falls forward onto the floor. A common reflex reaction to tripping and falling forward is to extend ones hands to ease the impact of striking the floor. She presents to the ER holding her left arm with her right hand. There is an obvious posterior displacement of the left distal wrist and hand that looks like a dinner fork. Which bone(s) is/are likely involved in a classic Colles fracture?
A、Always the ulna and sometimes the radius
B、Always the radius and sometimes the ulna
C、Always the ulna and sometimes the scaphoid
D、Always the radius and sometimes the trapezium
E、Only the ulna
5、Scapula
A、It is a free upper limb bone
B、The inferior angle of scapula is at the same level as the superior border of the 7th rib
C、The line of the inferior angle of the scapula passes through the 7th thoracic spine process
D、The coracoid process is a projection of the Lateral scapular notch
6、About the clavicle
A、It is a free upper limb bone
B、The medial 1/3 of the clavicle is convex to the front
C、The clavicle supports the upper limb bone
D、A common fracture of the clavicle is at the intersection of the middle and outer 1/3
7、Which of the following belongs to the structure of the ulna?
A、radial notch
B、carpal articular surface
C、sulcus for ulnar nerve
D、ulnar notch
8、Which of the following statements about the ulna is false?
A、The upper end of the ulna is small and the lower end is thick
B、The lower end of the ulna has the styloid process of the ulna
C、The upper end of the ulna has the trochlear notch
D、The upper part of the ulna has the radial notch on the radial notch
9、Which of the following is not the anatomical landmark of the scapula
A、acromion
B、coracoid process
C、glenoid cavity
D、spine of scapula
10、Which of the following does not belong to the free upper limb bone
A、the humerus
B、the ulna
C、the radius
D、the clavicle
11、Which of the following does not belong to the ulna structure?
A、olecranon
B、ulna notch
C、radial notch
D、the styloid process of ulna
12、Which of the following does not belong to the proximal carpal column?
A、scaphoid bone
B、pisiform bone
C、triquetral bone
D、hamate bone
13、Which of the following does not belong to the radial structure?
A、radial tuberosity
B、radial notch
C、ulna notch
D、head of radial
14、What structures can be involved in the repair of damage bone？
A、compact bone
B、articular cartilage
C、periosteum
D、bone marrow
15、The type of femoral fracture most likely to result in avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adults is ....
A、Acetabular
B、Cervical
C、Intertrochanteric (between the trochanters)
D、Subtrochanteric
E、Midfemoral shaft
16、An elderly woman with ostepoprosis is taken the emergency department following a fall. One of her legs appears shortened and is externally rotated. A fracture of which part of the femur is suggested by these finding?
A、Greater trochanter
B、Lateral epicondyle
C、Medical epicondyle
D、Neck
E、Shaft
17、Which of the following structures is located at the upper end of the femur?
A、greater trochanter
B、surgical neck
C、greater tubercle
D、lateral condyle
18、Which of the following ligaments limits the posterior movement of the tibia
A、posterior cruciate ligament
B、anterior cruciate ligament
C、patellar ligament
D、ligament of the head of the femur
19、Where is the place that femur breaks the most often?
A、neck of femur
B、intertrochanteric line
C、shaft of femur
D、lateral condyle
20、Which of the following does not belong to the free lower limb?
A、the femur
B、the tibia
C、the fibula
D、the hip bone
21、Which of the following is true of the femur？
A、It's the longest bone in the human body
B、The femoral head meets the obturator foramen
C、The femoral head is concave below the shaft of the femur
D、The body of the femur has a linea aspera in front
22、Which of the following does not belong to the tibial surface marker?
A、tibial tuberosity
B、medial malleolus
C、medial condyle
D、lateral malleolus
23、Which of the following is true about the ischium?
A、The body of ischium forms the posterior fifth of the acetabulum
B、The lesser sciatic notch is located above the ischial spine
C、The greater sciatic notch is part of the ischium
D、The lowest position of the ischial tuberosity is palpable on the body surface
24、Which of the following is a palpable sign of femur on the body surface?
A、femoral head
B、neck of femur
C、greater trochanter
D、linea aspera
25、Which of the following is true about the pubic bone?
A、It forms a fifth of the lower part of the acetabulum
B、The obturator foramen consists of the pubis
C、The pectin pubis terminates forward at the pubic tubercle
D、Superior ramus of pubis combine with ramus of ischium
26、Which of the following is true of the obturator foramen?
A、The obturator foramen is enclosed by the pubis and ischium
B、The obturator foramen consists of the ilium, pubis, and ischium
C、The obturator foramen is formed by the sacrum and the ischium
D、The obturator foramen lies behind and above the hip bone
27、Which of the following is true about the acetabulum?
A、It is also known as the acetabular fossa
B、The semicircular articular surface of the fossa is lunate surface
C、It lies on the inner and lower sides of the hip bone
D、It consists of the ilium and the ischium
28、Which of the following statements about the pelvis is true？
A、With the boundary as the boundary, it can be divided into the greater pelvis and the lesser pelvis
B、When upright, the male pelvis tilts more than the female
C、The opening under the lesser pelvis is flat
D、The male pelvis is oval and the female pelvis is heart-shaped
29、Which of the following is true about tarsal bone？
A、It's made up of eight bones
B、Arranged in two columns
C、Tarsal bone is located above the front and calcaneus is located below the back
D、The front end of the calcaneus is connected to the die bone
30、What is the bone that makes up the knee joint?
A、Femur, tibia
B、Femur, tibia,fibula
C、Femur, tibia, fibula, patella
D、Femur, tibia, patella
31、Which of the following is a carpal bone?
A、triquetral bone
B、pisiform bone
C、scaphoid bone
D、capitate bone
32、The elbow joints include
A、humeroulnar joint
B、humeroradial joint
C、proximal radioulnar joint
D、radiocarpal joint
33、About the menisci，which is right？
A、The medial meniscus is large and has a "C" shape
B、The lateral meniscus is smaller and has an "O" shape
C、Easy to be injured
D、It's part of the knee joint
第5章 颅骨及其连接
Skull & joints随堂测验
1、What does number 9 indicate in the following picture?
A、sphenoid bone
B、temporal bone
C、frontal bone
D、parietal bone
Skull & joints 练习
1、Temporomandibular joint
A、is formed by mandibular fossa and head of mandible
B、has intracapsular ligment
C、the extracapsular ligament is the medial ligament
D、has the articular disc
E、the temporomandibular joint is dislocated only backward
2、In a basketball game, a player's face was hit accidentally by another player in ball passing process, transparent fluid flowed out of nose. In this situation, what's the damaged part causing such fluid flow?
A、Frontal bone
B、Nasal bone
C、Lacrimal bone
D、Ethmoid bone
E、Zygomatic bone
3、Which is the weakest part of skull?
A、Nasal bone
B、Lacrimal bone
C、Pterion
D、Orbit
E、Inferior nasal bone
4、Which bone is the only one that's not connected to another?
A、the skull
B、the cuboid
C、the hyoid
D、abdominal ribs
E、sternum
5、The smallest bone in the human body is the
A、stapes
B、phalange
C、nasal bone
D、middle turbinate
E、inferior turbinate
6、How many pairs of bones are there in facial skull?
A、6 pairs
B、7 pairs
C、5 pairs
D、4 pairs
E、3 pairs
7、The medial wall of ethmoid labyrinth has
A、superior nasal concha and middle nasal concha
B、superior nasal concha and inferior nasal concha
C、middle nasal concha and inferior nasal concha
D、ethmoid bone
E、lacrimal bone
8、Except mandible and hyoid bone, skull bones are connected by
A、suture and cartilage
B、synostosis
C、suture
D、cartilage joint
E、fibrous joint
9、Components of sphenoid bone don't include
A、soma
B、greater wing
C、lesser wing
D、pterygoid process
E、squamous part
10、Hypophysial fossa is located in
A、soma of sphenoid bone
B、greater wing of sphenoid bone
C、lesser wing of sphenoid bone
D、occipital bone
E、petrous part of temporal bone
11、In augmentation rhinoplasty, which is usually used as supply of nasal cartilage?
A、costal cartilage
B、intervertebral disc
C、cartilage on ears
D、epiphysial cartilage
E、coccyx
12、The connection between frontal bone and posterior parietal bone is
A、coronal suture
B、lambdoid suture
C、sagittal suture
D、external occipital protuberance
E、synostosis
13、The connection between bilateral parietal bones is
A、coronal suture
B、sagittal suture
C、lambdoid suture
D、external occipital protuberance
E、synostosis
14、The connetion between bilateral parietal bones and occipital bone is
A、coronal suture
B、sagittal suture
C、lambdoid suture
D、external occipital protuberance
E、synostosis
Skull & joints 测试
1、Temporomandibular joint
A、is formed by mandibular fossa and head of mandible
B、has intracapsular ligment
C、the extracapsular ligament is the medial ligament
D、has the articular disc
E、the temporomandibular joint is dislocated only backward
2、In a basketball game, a player's face was hit accidentally by another player in ball passing process, transparent fluid flowed out of nose. In this situation, what's the damaged part causing such fluid flow?
A、Frontal bone
B、Nasal bone
C、Lacrimal bone
D、Ethmoid bone
E、Zygomatic bone
3、Which is the weakest part of skull?
A、Nasal bone
B、Lacrimal bone
C、Pterion
D、Orbit
E、Inferior nasal bone
4、Which bone is the only one that's not connected to another?
A、the skull
B、the cuboid
C、the hyoid
D、abdominal ribs
E、sternum
5、The smallest bone in the human body is the
A、stapes
B、phalange
C、nasal bone
D、middle turbinate
E、inferior turbinate
6、Infection of ________ is most likely to lead to headache, diplopia and fever.
A、paranasal sinus
B、cavernous sinus
C、frontal sinus
D、ethmoidal sinus
E、sphenoidal sinus
7、There are ________ in the root of greater wing in sphenoid bone from anterior to posterior.
A、foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum
B、foramen rotundum, foramen spinosum, foramen ovale
C、foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen rotundum
D、foramen ovale, foramen rotundum, foramen spinosum
E、foramen spinosum, foramen ovale, foramen rotundum
8、How many pairs of bones are there in facial skull?
A、6 pairs
B、7 pairs
C、5 pairs
D、4 pairs
E、3 pairs
9、The medial wall of ethmoid labyrinth has
A、superior nasal concha and middle nasal concha
B、superior nasal concha and inferior nasal concha
C、middle nasal concha and inferior nasal concha
D、ethmoid bone
E、lacrimal bone
10、Except mandible and hyoid bone, skull bones are connected by
A、suture and cartilage
B、synostosis
C、suture
D、cartilage joint
E、fibrous joint
11、Components of sphenoid bone don't include
A、soma
B、greater wing
C、lesser wing
D、pterygoid process
E、squamous part
12、Hypophysial fossa is located in
A、soma of sphenoid bone
B、greater wing of sphenoid bone
C、lesser wing of sphenoid bone
D、occipital bone
E、petrous part of temporal bone
13、Vomer constitutes of the ________ nasal septum.
A、anterior inferior part
B、anterior superior part
C、posterior inferior part
D、posterior superior part
E、right inferior part
14、Coronal suture is a kind of _______
A、fibrous joint
B、cartilaginous joint
C、synostosis
D、synchondrosis
E、symphysis
15、The connection between frontal bone and posterior parietal bone is
A、coronal suture
B、lambdoid suture
C、sagittal suture
D、external occipital protuberance
E、synostosis
16、The connection between bilateral parietal bones is
A、coronal suture
B、sagittal suture
C、lambdoid suture
D、external occipital protuberance
E、synostosis
17、The connetion between bilateral parietal bones and occipital bone is
A、coronal suture
B、sagittal suture
C、lambdoid suture
D、external occipital protuberance
E、synostosis
18、The mental foramen is indicated by number
A、1
B、11
C、13
D、12
E、5
19、What does number 2 indicate in the following picture?
A、the nasal bone
B、the sphenoid bone
C、the vomer
D、the nasal septum
E、the ethmoid bone
20、What does number 9 indicate in the following picture?
A、sphenoid bone
B、temporal bone
C、frontal bone
D、parietal bone
E、occipital bone
学习通人体结构学_1
人体结构学是人体结构及其组织结构的研究。人体结构学是解剖学的一个分支，它在解剖学的基础上，研究人体各个器官的内部构造、形态、结构和功能。
人体的基本组成
人体是由细胞、组织、器官、系统、整体等多个层次组成的。
细胞
细胞是人体的基本单位，是构成人体的最小生命单位。
细胞主要由细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核组成。细胞膜是细胞的外层包膜，是细胞与外界联系的主要途径。细胞质是细胞膜内部的物质，包括细胞器和细胞基质。细胞核是细胞内的控制中心，负责调控细胞的生长、分裂和代谢活动。
组织
组织是由同一种或类似的细胞组成的具有类似功能的细胞集合体。
人体主要有四大类组织：上皮组织、结缔组织、肌肉组织和神经组织。
器官
器官是由不同的组织结构组成的，能够完成一定功能的生物体结构。
人体内部有很多器官，如心脏、肝脏、肺、脾、胃等。
系统
系统是由一个或多个器官组成、并协同工作以完成特定生理功能的结构。
人体主要有十个系统：循环系统、呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、内分泌系统、免疫系统、神经系统、运动系统、感觉系统和生殖系统。
整体
整体是由多个系统组成的，能够维持生命的一个完整的生物体。
人体结构的层次
根据人体结构组成的不同层次，可以将人体分为以下几个层次：
化学层次
化学层次是指人体结构的最基本层次，它由原子和分子组成。
人体中的元素主要有碳、氢、氧、氮、钙、磷、钾、钠、镁、铁等。
细胞层次
细胞层次是指由细胞组成的层次，它是构成人体的最小生命单位。
人体中有很多种细胞，如红细胞、白细胞、神经细胞等。
组织层次
组织层次是由同一种或类似的细胞组成的集合体。
人体主要有四大类组织：上皮组织、结缔组织、肌肉组织和神经组织。
器官层次
器官层次是由不同的组织结构组成的，能够完成一定功能的生物体结构。
人体内部有很多器官，如心脏、肝脏、肺、脾、胃等。
系统层次
系统层次是由一个或多个器官组成、并协同工作以完成特定生理功能的结构。
人体主要有十个系统：循环系统、呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、内分泌系统、免疫系统、神经系统、运动系统、感觉系统和生殖系统。
整体层次
整体层次是由多个系统组成的，能够维持生命的一个完整的生物体。
人体的整体层次是最高层次，其正常运转是由各个系统的协同工作完成的。
总结
人体结构学是解剖学的一个分支，研究人体各个器官的内部构造、形态、结构和功能。人体结构的组成层次包括化学层次、细胞层次、组织层次、器官层次、系统层次和整体层次。
中国大学人体结构学_1
中国大学人体结构学是一个重要的医学科目，是对人体组织、器官、系统等结构进行研究的学科。其主要任务是通过观察、描述、比较、分析和探究人体的形态结构与功能关系，为临床医学提供解剖学基础。
人体结构学的研究对象是人体的细胞、组织、器官、系统等结构。其中，细胞是人体最基本的结构单位，而组织则是细胞的组合。人体的器官则是由多种不同的组织结构构成，例如肺、心脏、肝脏等。组成人体的各个器官系统，例如循环系统、呼吸系统、消化系统等则是由不同的器官结构组合而成。
人体结构学的学习需要掌握大量的解剖学知识，如各个器官的位置、大小、形态、组织结构等。此外，还需要掌握各种解剖学术语，如前、后、上、下、内、外等，以及各种器官的分支、血管、神经等。同时，人体结构学还需要掌握如何进行解剖学标本制作、观察和描述等技能。
中国大学人体结构学的教学内容
中国大学人体结构学的教学内容主要包括以下方面：
- 人体骨骼系统：包括头骨、颈椎、胸椎、腰椎、骨盆、上肢骨、下肢骨等。
- 人体肌肉系统：包括躯干肌、上肢肌、下肢肌等。
- 人体皮肤、腺体和黏膜系统：包括表皮、真皮、皮下组织、乳腺、汗腺、泪腺等。
- 人体器官系统：包括呼吸系统、循环系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、生殖系统、内分泌系统、神经系统等。
中国大学人体结构学的应用
中国大学人体结构学的应用广泛，其主要应用领域包括：
- 临床医学：通过对人体结构及其功能的研究，为医学临床提供必要的解剖学基础。
- 医学教育：为培养医学人才提供必要的理论与实践课程。
- 医学研究：通过对人体结构及其功能的深入研究，为医学研究提供必要的基础。
- 医学科技：通过对人体结构及其功能的研究，为医学科技的发展提供必要的基础。
中国大学人体结构学的未来发展
随着生物技术和医学科技的不断发展，中国大学人体结构学的研究将会越来越深入和广泛。未来，人体结构学将会更加注重与其他学科的交叉融合，如生物学、分子生物学、遗传学、生物材料学等，同时也会更加注重与临床医学、医学工程等实践领域的结合。
