超星比较文化研究答案(学习通2023题目答案)
44 min read超星比较文化研究答案(学习通2023题目答案)
单元测验1
1、超星What is 比较the major route to success in traditional Confucius value?
A、Doing business
B、文化Formal education
C、研究Diligent farming
D、答案Joining the army
2、学习Which language adapted to accommodate Greek philosophizing?通题
A、English
B、目答Latin
C、超星German
D、比较French
3、文化Which one is 研究not true about the Bologna University?
A、Europe’s universities,答案 till the late 19th century, were mostly controlled by religious authorities
B、Bologna (Italy),学习 one of the oldest (12th c), had no buildings of its own till the 16th century.
C、In Bologna University,通题 the teacher is not in an authoritative position.
D、The learning model in Bologna University resembles the traditional Chinese educational model.
4、Which one is wrong about Chinese and western languages?
A、In the west, children learn how to read and write by understanding.
B、The parent language of almost all Western language families, is a kind of alphabetical language.
C、Understanding usually comes before memorization when children learn Chinese characters
D、In the Chinese model, the whole word is taught through pictures.
5、Which one is not the traditional commonality between China and the west?
A、First traditional learning within family
B、Then as reinforced outside home by the community
C、Gender divide used to be formalized: boys go to school; girls kept at home
D、Only a male elite is literate - in both worlds.
6、What are included in the Athens model below?
A、Gymnastics and military training
B、Memorization of classic texts
C、Initiation to music
D、Learning words
7、What do you know about the medieval debates in European Universities?
A、Debates were between students and their teachers.
B、Professors were commonly paid by students for lectures or examinations
C、Debate format to establish the Truth
D、The more successful debaters had more students.
8、What do you consider right about the traditional Chinese learning model?
A、Success is defined to be a civil service position.
B、The goal is the take the imperial exams based on memorizing key classics.
C、Teacher’s authority is questioned
D、A civil servant means status and income, and it glorifies and illuminates one’s ancestors
9、What will happen in the western modern learning?
A、Agon/debate still prevails. The modern time version is probably the presidential debate.
B、The Socratic approach to teaching is also prevalant.
C、Argumentative writing prevails Western curriculum
D、The course of computer science or physics is not required to write final essays
10、Which aspects are true about the Chinese modern learning?
A、Examinations still prevail, especially Gaokao
B、Impartation of knowledge is the learning approach.
C、There has been a rising trend to train argumentative writing in today’s curriculum
D、The rise of new media and new technology cannot change the educational landscape of the world
11、In the West, the young children are typically brought up by their grandparents.
12、Spartan in modern English means stripped down, bare, physically challenging.
13、As for the western thinking, the best argument “wins” based on evidence and credibility.
14、“An unexamined life is not worth living” implies ongoing critical analysis
15、Accuracy or precision is much more valued by western teachers than Chinese teachers.
16、Learning basically means ___________________.
17、Athens is the place of “higher education” which is featured by__________.
18、______________________ points to excellent leadership.
19、In the traditional Kongzi Values, the first thing that one learns is “______________________”
20、In Chinese tradition training, learning as training (e.g., memorization) intimately connected with _________.
Encounter 2: Families in Two Civilizations (II)
单元测验2
1、Which one is not the commonality between traditional Chinese and western families?
A、Patriarchal
B、Hierarchy
C、Reproduction
D、Monogamy
2、Which one is wrong about Adam and Eve?
A、Adam is created as “god-like” and given the mandate to rule over all the earth
B、Eve is given life directly by God
C、Their disobedience leads first to sexual self-consciousness and shame
D、They are ejected from paradise.
3、Which one is wrong about traditional Judeo-Christian view of family?
A、God the Father mirrored in authority of the family father
B、Distrust of human sexuality
C、Parents, not God, considered creator of children
D、Genesis myth widely taken to validate superiority of men and inferiority of women
4、What will not happen in Ban Zhao’s married life?
A、Her husband allowed her an “equal” portion in their married life
B、She instructed her daughters to be good traditional Chinese women
C、She was in obedience to in-laws predominant
D、She was hard-working and humility essential
5、What might not happen in the modern western families?
A、The cultivation of romantic love
B、Recent rise in divorces
C、Americans, followed by Europeans, have lost faith in marriage and often give up on their current marriage.
D、New family types in the West appear.
6、What’s true about the traditional rationales for patriarchal families of Confucian philosophy?
A、Xiao 孝 obligations to parents as life-givers
B、Transfers to zhong 忠 as allegiance to emperor as father-figure
C、“Sin” as affecting ideas of gender, sex & marriage
D、Loyalty ultimately to father, not the State
7、What’s the feature of Chinese centrality of xiao?
A、A durable value in Chinese civilization
B、Man’s obedience to the God
C、Life-long obligations of children to parents
D、Family as model for the larger social world
8、What’s wrong about wives and children in Traditional China?
A、The immortality is achieved through prolongation of family line through children, without end
B、To maximize the number of offspring, a Chinese man may have multiple wives or concubines if affordable.
C、Adoption of a male child a last resort
D、There are three ways of failing Xiao, the worst is to have no children.
9、What are the results of temptation?
A、All humans are born flawed, liable to “sin”
B、Christianity teaches that salvation from sin/death comes through belief in Jesus
C、For Christians, human sexuality becomes self-conscious with the Fall of Man
D、Celibacy becomes a higher calling
10、What causes western divorces?
A、Higher expectations: 2/3 initiated by women, though they suffer economically afterwards
B、Ideas of self-realization
C、Women, if more educated, now have jobs/careers/economic independence
D、No-fault divorce laws (1970s) make it easier.
11、In the Roman Paterfamilias, Father of the family had absolute authority of life and death over wife, children and slaves.
12、In the West, modernity began during the Renaissance, about 14th century. In China, however, modernity began with the declining of Qing Dynasty in late 19th century.
13、Modernity is a simple process which develops forward in a linear way.
14、Gender equality has been achieved completely now in China.
15、A typical modern Chinese family is child-centered.
16、Chinese families and western families all belong to______________ families.
17、The first & crucial act of Western civilization is man’s________________.
18、Modernity gains momentum through _________________________.
19、With respect to the marriage and divorce, the Chinese way of living stresses constraints and the West stresses ________________.
20、The consequence of Western value placed on individual choices about the birth rate is ________________.
Encounter 3: Humans and Their Surroundings
单元测验3
1、Whose story shows a matrilineal society spoiled by the Yellow Emperor’s wars?
A、Kongzi and followers
B、Daoist
C、Judeo-Christian
D、Buddhist
2、Who believes that God created everything from nothing?
A、Kongzi and followers
B、Daoist
C、Judeo-Christian
D、Buddhist
3、In the Western creation stories, the dominance is assigned to _________
A、Humans
B、Priest
C、Invisible forces
D、Animals
4、What kind of capitalism is it about its voyages of discovery of America?
A、Mercantile capitalism
B、Neoliberalism
C、Venture capitalism
D、Post-modernity
5、Which one is not the central property of capitalism?
A、wage labour
B、voluntary exchange
C、capital accumulation
D、public property
6、Which one reflects the view of “world as resource”?
A、Our surroundings are there to be exploited
B、Humans in control
C、Humans naturally “profit-seeking”
D、There are no limits to what humans may seek to take from nature
7、What are the similarities between traditional Western and Chinese views of the world?
A、Nature is ruled by God/gods or other invisible forces
B、Who require rituals to ensure good outcomes in human dealings with nature.
C、humans became more skillful at exploiting the resources around them
D、Wealth – and profit motives – take over, and old reverences degrade into greed
8、What are three Chinese levels of misfortune from the view of natural course of things?
A、It is bad luck. And by saying the “luck-language”, one hopes to avoid it
B、Karma: bad deeds result in punishmen and moral order is affirmed
C、Departures from the Dao
D、Consolation
9、What are the Laws of Ecology ?
A、Everything is Connected
B、Everything Must Go Somewhere
C、Nature Knows Best
D、“There is no such thing as a free lunch.”
10、What do you know about Daoism?
A、Dao is impersonal, paradoxically present at the origin of things and in everything
B、Dao can be named or confined within human ideas
C、The best way to respect Dao is to avoid sophistication in favor of no force.
D、Dao is one kind of primal Chinese Cultural Construct
11、In China, “Nature” not a word in traditional Mandarin until imported c. 1900 from Japan.
12、Western thinking easily perceives how activity of one part affects another.
13、Provision is not necessarily made for waste and it is not a productive part of the whole.
14、Clean water, land, air are free so we can use them maximally to pursue profits.
15、Dao compared to the Judeo-Christian God, both are associated with an emptiness prior to heaven and earth and then an unending presence in relation to life.
16、The relations of ________________ remain central in the West.
17、The first law affirms that “nature” is an ________________ whole, of which we are only a part.
18、Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of ________________ and their operation for profit.
19、According to Adam Smith, gold & silver merely _____________ to be bought and sold.
20、God is metaphysical [not part of the material world] yet _____________.
Encounter 4: Defining humans: Bodies and Selves (II)
单元测验4
1、What is basic to existence in traditional Chinese thinking?
A、Matter is substance of all that exists
B、This invisible essence (“soul”) outlives the body
C、What is alive is animated by an invisible entity
D、Everything is animated by qi
2、What does the emphasis on muscles usually represent in the western painting?
A、Agency
B、Aggressiveness
C、Obesity
D、Affluence
3、Which is not true about western thinking of body and soul?
A、soul seen as “essence”
B、the body is primary and spirit is secondary
C、humans can be analyzed into body versus soul
D、they traditionally believed their bodies to be purely physical, made up of matter or elements.
4、Which one is not true about the traditional Chinese medicine?
A、It insists that social harmony needs to be maintained to restore the balance of yin and yang in one’s body
B、It offers a fragmentary view of body
C、It is for chronic diseases or maintaining health with the emphasis on longevity as a lasting value.
D、It has also become increasingly popular in the West.
5、In Chinese thinking, immortality cannot be realized through _______________
A、Prolonging life of a family through children
B、Personal fame
C、Eternal soul
D、Memorable self-sacrifice
6、What’s true about Plato’s view of soul and health?
A、Plato believes in immortal soul.
B、Diseases of the body are caused by too much or too little of any of the four elements.
C、Diseases of the soul or mind arise from failure of intelligence that can be divided into two types: ignorance and madness
D、Life is like agon, in which reason is competing with emotions, as if a driver is trying to manage to horses on a chariot.
7、What do you know about traditional Chinese medicine?
A、Diseases arise because of the disharmony of yin hang yang
B、Traditional Chinese Medicine aims to restore flow through balancing yin and yang.
C、It uses the approach of feeling the pulse to read total state of the health.
D、Food is not the treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.
8、What do you know about Chinese heart-mind?
A、Heart-mind does not exist in English, so it’s very difficult to translate.
B、In China, there is no thinking without feeling, no feeling without thinking.
C、Objective measures and facts of the case are less heeded to, whereas intuition or gut feelings are privileged in personal judgement.
D、It pays off for attending less to the facts than to your intuitions of others.
9、What’s true about traditional view of selfhood?
A、Both traditions see humans as part of a larger universe to which their bodies and souls correspond.
B、Both China and the West traditionally emphasized the importance of fulfilling one’s role within a hierarchical, correspondent social structure.
C、Both cultures seek an inner balance which will lead to health, bodily, socially, and politically.
D、Both Chinese and westerners traditionally have little notion of “separate identity” or “privacy”.
10、What’s true about shaping one’s life in China and the West?
A、A western person would probably agree that I can make my own life through my own choices.
B、A Chinese person would probably agree that my life is shaped by others’ expectations.
C、Westerners insist that many models are available.
D、Chinese believe that they will create my own life based on their individual choices.
11、The ancient Chinese believe that the world is made up of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water.
12、Chinese traditionally sees bodies in dualistic terms, whereas westerners traditionally hold holistic conceptions.
13、There is no body and mind dichotomy in traditional Chinese thinking.
14、For ordinary Chinese people, longevity is more of a goal than immortality.
15、In the West, identity is assumed as stable essence whereas selfhood is constructed through others in China.
16、Hippocrates draws on the____________________ system to disengage epilepsy from religion.
17、In the Western thinking, body and surroundings are distinctively separated, reflecting the _______________.
18、Chinese selves are less egocentric but more ______________.
19、In the traditional Chinese thinking, the prevailing Confucian ethics emphasize______________ over individual rights.
20、According to Rene Descartes, ego as an identifiable object may be made or fashioned through one’s ______________.
Encounter 5: Values and worldviews in two civilizations (II)
单元测试卷5
1、What is not true about the ultimate values in China?
A、In China, “religion” in this sense does not exist.
B、In Asia, other terms can replace religion, such as values or philosophy
C、In the Chinese culture, Confucian values are intimately connected with the State
D、In China, there often exists one God and one sacred text.
2、Which one is not the method in the Chinese divination?
A、Oracle bones.
B、The Book of Change
C、Horoscope
D、Yarrow sticks
3、Which one is wrong about Dao?
A、It is always stable.
B、It is “silent and empty”
C、It moves around forever
D、It is the mother of all things
4、Which is wrong about synchronicity?
A、Things happening at the same time are linked
B、“Coincidences” are not accidental
C、To analyze x, find out what caused it: go back in time & find the agent.
D、Things change, so act strategically to situate yourself favorably.
5、Which is not true about western mentalities?
A、Westerners follow laws, seeking certainty.
B、Things relate to other things, so let’s think of them as linked up.
C、Each part should be examined on its own terms
D、It seems to answer the question of “ What is…?”
6、What do you know about divination in the west?
A、The King of Athens consultilng the oracle at Delphi.
B、The temple of Apollo in Delphi Greece
C、Roman Auguries
D、Fortuna and her Wheel
7、What do you know about laws for living in the traditional west?
A、The ten commandments
B、The silver rule
C、The golden rule
D、All the laws are based on interpretations of the word.
8、What are the basic premises of Chinese living?
A、There is transcendent reality
B、Everything is connected and everything changes.
C、One must divine the propensity of events
D、Words and principles are not to be taken literally.
9、What do you know about causation?
A、Whatever happens is caused by something
B、Luck is thus trivial, reality is reliable
C、One must study the laws that govern the events, things
D、People are considered as instable essences
10、What do you know about modern divination in the west?
A、New science tries to find causes then control effects, given that events progress in a linear fashion.
B、New sciences seek for more certainty in the future, such as economics, medicine, and weather forecasting.
C、People try to foretell probably futures as in different kinds of insurance.
D、It’s never entirely certain, but more exact than ancient divination techniques.
11、Ideas expressed by Yijing are different from the linear worldview of progress in the West.
12、In China, guidelines for life are an intellectual dilemma instead of a problem of strategy.
13、Compared to the static, bounded, judgemental world view in the West, Chinese generally demonstrate a dynamic, open-ended, and cautious stance.
14、The Chinese way is more straightforward, emphasizing analysis and thus is excluding. Western way is much of a web, emphasizing synthesis and thus is more including.
15、Events were presumed to be ordained by God so one sought to understand the “Will of God”.
16、__________________means what we can or at least try to control.
17、In the ancient West, behind the rule of law are higher laws as authorized by________.
18、Dao cannot be named, but can only be intuited as it rebuffs language and ________.
19、With regard to modern divination in the west, risk assessment through ______________.
20、The cultural distance between the west and China seems at times to diminish, but there still seems to be a lack of __________________.
期末考试
期末试卷
1、Please explain in the fable “Old Saiweng Lost His Horse”, what traditional Chinese world view is implied in the story? Does this world view still exist in our modern thinking? How is different from the Western traditional world view?
2、This semester you have studied five Encounters (learning, family, human and surrounding, human body, values and worldviews) in the context of comparing China and the West. Please rank these five encounters in terms of your perceived usefulness, and give reasons and examples to explain your ranking.
学习通比较文化研究
学习通是一种在线教育平台，提供了丰富的学习资源，包括课程、教材、活动等，为广大学生和教育者提供了便利和帮助。在这个平台上，学生可以自由选择自己喜欢的课程并进行学习，同时还可以结交来自全国各地的同学。
比较文化研究
比较文化研究是一种跨文化研究方法，旨在通过比较不同文化间的相似和差异，发现世界文化的本质和普遍性。比较文化研究可以涉及各个领域，如哲学、宗教、文学、艺术、社会等。
学习通提供了很多与比较文化研究相关的课程和教材，如《跨文化心理学》、《比较文学导论》、《世界宗教概论》等。这些课程不仅介绍了各种文化的传统和特点，还深入探讨了文化的差异与相似之处，让学生更好地理解跨文化交流和交融的意义。
跨文化交流的意义
跨文化交流是指不同文化之间的交流和互动。在当今全球化的时代，跨文化交流已经成为一种趋势和必要，它有着重要的意义:
- 促进不同国家和地区之间的相互了解和友谊;
- 提高个人的跨文化适应能力和领导力;
- 促进文化多样性的交流和保护;
- 推动经济、科技、文化等领域的发展;
- 促进世界和平与稳定。
学习通通过在平台上提供与跨文化交流相关的课程和活动，帮助学生了解不同文化间的相似和差异，增强对于文化多样性的尊重和理解，培养跨文化交流的能力和意识。
结语
学习通比较文化研究是一种帮助人们了解世界文化的方法，通过比较不同文化之间的相似和差异，发现文化的本质和普遍性。跨文化交流已经成为当今全球化的必然趋势，学习通通过提供相关的课程和资源，帮助学生拓展视野、了解和尊重不同文化，推动跨文化交流和交融的发展。
