moocEconomic Geography章节答案(慕课2023课后作业答案)
33 min readmoocEconomic Geography章节答案(慕课2023课后作业答案)
Exam 1
1、节答Who first put forward the term “economic geography”?案慕案
A、(Germany) G?课课tz
B、(Ancient China) Sima Qian
C、后作(Russia) Lomonosov
D、业答(Ancient Rome) Strabo
2、节答What is 案慕案the earliest classic about economic geography in China?
A、Book of History: Tribute of Yu
B、课课Records of the Historian: Biographies of Merchants
C、后作Book of Han: Geography
D、业答Classics of Mountains and Seas
3、节答Which of the following is 案慕案not a branch of economic geography?
A、China’s Economic Geography
B、课课Industrial Geography
C、后作Urban Geography
D、业答Introduction to Economic Geography
4、What are the fundamental features of economic geography?
A、Class property
B、Territoriality
C、Scientificity
D、Practicality
5、Which of the following statements is consistent with the development of economic geography before the 20th century?
A、It was mainly recorded in historical accounts
B、It didn't form systematic scientific theories
C、It focused on observations and descriptions about phenomenons
D、It formed a relatively complete theoretical system.
6、What are the key points of theoretical researches of economic geography?
A、the geographical system of human-land relations centered on economic activity
B、the relationship between the world and regions, and among regions in different levels in globalization
C、the relationship between regional economic competitiveness and social equity
D、enterprise’s external spatial effects and spatial process of internal activity
7、What hot issues does economic geography pay attention to?
A、the improvement of regional competitiveness
B、the citizens’ development
C、the ecological environment
D、the wealth gap
8、What are the main international schools of economic geography？
A、Naturalist School
B、Sociological School
C、Relational School
D、Applied School
9、The research object of geography is the relationship between human activities and geographical environment.
10、Since the 20th century, the research perspective of economic geography has experienced a process from micro view, to intermediate view and to macro view.
11、Natural resources and natural conditions are the decisive factors of industrial layout, development and evolution.
12、Besides internal and external forces, more and more attention is paid to the role of technical and institutional forces in the study of the geographical system of human-land relations.
13、The most basic unit of economic activity in economic geography is .
14、Economic Geography is a scientific discipline that studies ，processes, mechanisms and regulation of economic activities.
15、Economic geography is a marginal discipline among Geography, and Economics.
16、Three national strategies about China’s regional development in the new era are the Belt and Road Initiative, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integration Initiative and .
Unit 2 Agricultural and Industrial Location Theories
Exam 2
1、What was the mainstream agricultural theory in Germany before the agricultural location theory?
A、Rational Agricultural Theory
B、Self-supporting Agriculture
C、Theory of Comparative Advantage
D、Theory of Absolute Advantage
2、Which work systematically proposed the theoretical model of agricultural location published in 1826?
A、The Conditions of Economic Progress
B、The Isolated State
C、The Central Place of Southern Germany
D、The Conflict of Progress and Security
3、In Thunen Circle, which layer has the highest degree of intensive land use?
A、the layer for truck garden
B、the layer for field grass
C、the layer for crop rotation
D、the layer for cattle raising
4、In Thunen Circle, which layer has the lowest degree of intensive land use?
A、the layer for truck garden
B、the layer for wood products
C、the layer for crop rotation
D、the layer for cattle raising
5、Which of the following statements is incorrect in the theoretical model of Thunen's agricultural location theory?
A、Freight is the only variable that determines the profit.
B、The result of profit plus freight is a constant.
C、The result of the subtraction between the market price and the production cost of the same agricultural product is a constant.
D、The core question is how to increase the product price or reduce the product cost to maximize the profit.
6、What factors determine the size of free agricultural circle in Thunen's agricultural location theory?
A、the urban area
B、the size of urban population
C、natural environment
D、crop type
7、What is the rule for concentric circles of land use centered on rural settlements discovered by Nwafor et al?
A、rent maximization
B、time saving
C、transportation cost
D、traffic condition
8、Where does the phenomenon of inverse Thunen Circle occur?
A、urban areas in developed countries
B、rural areas in developed countries
C、rural areas in developing countries
D、rural areas in China
9、What was the first comprehensive work on industrial location theory?
A、Theory of the Location of Industries
B、The Isolated State
C、The Wealth of Nations
D、Order of Economic Space
10、In Weber’s industrial location theory, which factor plays a decisive role?
A、wage
B、freight
C、agglomeration
D、raw material
11、When the raw material index is less than 1, what is the type of industrial optimal location?
A、material orientation
B、market orientation
C、free orientation
D、None of the above answers is correct
12、When the raw material index is more than 1, what is the type of industrial optimal location?
A、material orientation
B、market orientation
C、free orientation
D、None of the above answers is correct
13、In the following industrial bases, which belongs to the coastal industry location?
A、Panzhihua Iron and Steel Industrial Base(Sichuan Province)
B、Anshan Iron and Steel Industrial Base(Hebei Province)
C、Baohsan Iron and Steel Industrial Base(Shanghai)
D、Handan Iron and Steel Industry Base(Hebei Province)
14、What is the most significant factor affecting the industrial location of manufacturing?
A、raw material
B、consumption
C、fuel
D、A and C
15、What is the greatest contribution of Hoover’s industrial location theory?
A、the analysis of freight structure
B、the minimum cost rule
C、the minimum labor cost rule
D、the industrial agglomeration theory
16、What is the biggest characteristic of Losch’s location theory?
A、the Profit Maximization Theory
B、the Cost Minimization Theory
C、the Market Maximization Theory
D、the Agglomeration Orientation theory
17、Who first put forward the hexagonal law of locational spatial equilibrium?
A、Thunen
B、Weber
C、Palander
D、Losch
18、When was the study of behaviorist location theory very active?
A、In the second half of the 19th century
B、In the early 20th century
C、In the 1960s and 1970s
D、Since the end of the 20th century
19、According to the behaviorist location theory, which of the following statements is an internal location factor?
A、freight
B、labor cost
C、individual decisions and preferences
D、local tax
20、Which of the following statements is incorrect about Smith’s theory of spatial margin of profitability?
A、Government subsidies will increase the possibility of location selection
B、The location selection of enterprises will be affected by some non-economic factors
C、Entrepreneurial ability affects the feasibility of enterprise’s location selection
D、The spatial cost and revenue curves don’t reflect the basic form of industrial location model
21、Which of the following statements are correct in describing the land rent curve in Thunen’s agricultural location theory?
A、Each kind of crop has a land rent curve
B、The slope of the rent curve is determined by the freight rate
C、Crops that are not easy to transport generally have larger slopes
D、The land rent curve is the core of Thunen’s agricultural location theory
22、What is the significance of Thunen's agricultural location theory?
A、Natural conditions aren't the absolute cause of spatial differentiation in agriculture
B、Absolutely superior modes of agricultural production don't exist for all regions
C、Thunen applied scientific abstraction in his research
D、For the first time, Thunen systematically expounded the influence of spatial friction on human economic activities
23、Which of the following statements are correct about the factors that cause the change of the structure of Thunen Circle?
A、The navigable river changes the concentric-circle pattern into a long and narrow distribution pattern along the river
B、The falling of grain prices will expand the livestock sector
C、Soil improvement will expand the cereal-grass farming circle
D、The decline in yield per unit area will narrow the range of the valley farming circle toward the urban center
24、What are the general location factors affecting all industries in Weber’s industrial location theory?
A、fuel cost
B、labor cost
C、freight
D、land charge
25、What are the theoretical assumptions of Weber's industrial location theory?
A、The geographical distribution of raw materials is known
B、Products'target markets and market sizes are known
C、Labor can't be transferred
D、A Homogeneous plain
26、Which of the following statements about the labor coefficient are true?
A、The large labor coefficient means that the possibility of keeping away from the least freight location is large
B、The small labor coefficient indicates the strong orientation of the least location of freight
C、The higher the labour coefficient is, the more industry tends to concentrate on areas where labor is cheap
D、The higher the labor coefficient is, the more industrial distribution tends to be dispersed
27、Which of the following environmental factors will affect the labor cost orientation?
A、population density
B、freight rate
C、technical level
D、policy
28、Which of the following statements about pure agglomeration are true?
A、technical agglomeration
B、economic agglomeration
C、industrial concentration due to freight orientation
D、industrial concentration due to labor cost orientation
29、Which of the following industries have a raw material index more than 1?
A、iron and steel industry
B、cement industry
C、beer-brewing industry
D、petrochemical industry
30、Which of the following statements about Hoover's industrial location theory are correct?
A、The average freight per unit distance isn’t proportional to the increase in distance
B、The suitable transportation distance of road, railway and water transport increases in turn
C、The suitable transportation distance of road, water transport and railway increases in turn
D、The transportation mode with low operating cost and high line transportation cost is suitable for short-distance transportation
Unit 3 Commercial and Service Location Theories
Exam 3
1、Which German geographer founded the central place theory in 1933?
A、Thunen
B、Weber
C、Christaller
D、Losch
2、What is the shape of the spatial organization of the market area according to the central place theory?
A、circle
B、hexagon
C、square
D、oval
3、According to the central place theory, what principles should govern the classification and arrangement of the central place hierarchy?
A、market principle
B、transportation principle
C、administration principle
D、utility principle
4、According to the central place theory, which of the following statements conforms to the market principle under the central location sequence?
A、K=3
B、K=4
C、K=6
D、K=7
5、According to the central place theory, which of the following statements conforms to the administration principle under the central location sequence?
A、K=3
B、K=4
C、K=6
D、K=7
6、What method did the central place theory first introduce into geography?
A、deductive method
B、comparative method
C、logical method
D、empirical method
7、Which German scholar is honored as the father of theoretical geography?
A、Losch
B、Thunen
C、Theil
D、Christaller
8、Compared with other industrial location, what is the biggest feature of retail location?
A、consumer orientation
B、producer orientation
C、cost orientation
D、profit orientation
9、What is the general trend of gem shop location?
A、dispersion greater than concentration
B、concentration greater than dispersion
C、no apparent laws
D、high concentration
10、In 1963, taking Chicago as an example, what kind of urban retail space did Bailey put forward?
A、a concentric-circle structure centered on the core; banded retail space;specialized space
B、a concentric-circle structure
C、specialized space
D、banded retail space
11、About the structure of the city's central business district,what representative model did Horwood and Boyce put forward?
A、a concentric-circle model
B、a core and periphery model
C、a point axis model
D、a network model
12、Which American scholar proposed the influential retail gravitation model?
A、Reilly
B、Hoover
C、Porter
D、Prandfoot
13、If the spatial demand curve changes gently, what is the feature of retail location?
A、spatial agglomeration
B、spatial dispersion
C、spatial randomness
D、spatial certainty
14、What is the theoretical basis of retail location research?
A、central pace theory
B、industrial location theory
C、market location theory
D、behaviorist location theory
15、How are advanced goods and services affected by distance attenuation?
A、large degree
B、small degree
C、no effect
D、a little
16、Which of the following industries is not a service industry?
A、software industry
B、information transmission industry
C、design industry
D、automobile assembly
17、According to the retail gravitation law, which of the following statements is true when there's a low-level C city between cities A and B?
A、If two cities have a great difference in size, the retail attraction to an area is inversely proportional to the distance ratio between two cities to the third power.
B、The ratio of retail sales attracted by two cities to city C is directly proportional to the square of the distance ratio to city C.
C、The ratio of retail sales attracted by two cities to city C is inversely proportional to the population of the two cities.
D、There’s no necessary relationship among the three cities.
18、What factor in the population is proportional to the retail location?
A、distribution density
B、total quantity
C、sex ratio
D、age structure
19、According to the central place theory,What is the relationship between the high-level and low-level centers?
A、The highest centers have central functions at all levels.
B、The highest centers don’t have central functions of the lower centers.
C、The high-level and low-level centers have nothing to do with each other.
D、There are no obvious rules for the distribution of centers of the same level.
20、Which of the following statements about the central place is incorrect?
A、The central place is the center of the surrounding area.
B、The central place can be a city.
C、The central place can be a town.
D、The central place is a virtual space.
21、Which of the following statements about the limitations of the central place theory is correct?
A、It only focuses on the upper limit analysis of goods supply range.
B、K is fixed in a system.
C、Economic Man Hypothesis
D、It has fully considered the agglomeration economy.
22、What are the basic factors that influence retail location decision?
A、consumer market
B、accessibility to shopping sites
C、peer competition
D、land price
23、What are the following statements about the location features of a restaurant?
A、close to compes
B、centralized layout
C、dispersed layout
D、stay away from compes
24、Which of the following statements about inter-industry competition about location are true?
A、Dispersion and concentration are both possible.
B、Cooperation can come from competition.
C、It is quite possible to form specialized business centers.
D、Two of a trade can never agree.
25、Which of the following statements about the demand space curve are true?
A、The spatial change of demand space curve can reflect the structure of retail location space in the city to some extent.
B、The demand space curve changes gently, which reflects that retail location has a strong spatial agglomeration.
C、If the demand space curve changes steeply, the retail location tends to disperse.
D、Demand space curve is independent of retail location.
26、What are the main influencing factors of land price?
A、traffic convenience
B、spatial relevance
C、satisfaction with the surrounding environment
D、policy
27、Which of the following statements about the location features of different types of service industries are true?
A、The business centers and offices performing the management function are located in the centers of cities.
B、The subsidiaries and departmental centers of enterprises are located in the sub-centers of cities.
C、The finance, insurance, real estate industry are located in the centers of cities.
D、There's no regular distinction among different types of services.
28、In what aspects are the hierarchy of location selection of for-profit service enterprises reflected?
A、Selecting a city among different cities.
B、Selecting a specific area within a city.
C、Selecting a specific place within an area.
D、Under different scales, the influencing factors of location selection are different.
29、What are the factors that need to be analyzed when selecting a specific place?
A、the conditions and development of traffic lines across the place
B、the basic situation of adjacent enterprises
C、the capacity of parking lots
D、the overall cost for actual location in the specific place
30、Which of the following statements are true about the central place theory?
A、Market principle is the foundation, and transportation principle and administrative principle are the supplement to the central system formed under market principles.
B、Market principle applies to the analysis of low-order central layout.
C、One important factor that determines the range of the supply of goods and services at all levels of central places is economic distance.
D、The central place theory is the theoretical basis of Urban Geography and Commercial Geography.
Unit 4 Location of Multi-sector Enterprises
Exam 4
1、What are the main causes of economies of scale？
A、The existence of variable costs
B、The existence of fixed costs
C、The existence of labor costs
D、The existence of logistics costs
2、What growth strategies will companies generally adopt after they have grown to a certain stage？
A、Horizontal integration
B、Vertical integration
C、Scale management
D、Spin-offs
3、Which refers to the process of spatial expansion of social and economic activities from near to far?
A、Contagious diffusion
B、Relationship diffusion
C、Hierarchical diffusion
D、Channel expansion
4、Which theory refers to enterprises entering the largest market first, then the second largest market according to market size, and so on ?
A、Contagious diffusion
B、Hierarchical diffusion
C、Channel expansion
D、Relationship diffusion
5、What is the key assumption for the possibility of the market area expansion model?
A、The difference of the urban population size
B、Size of cities and towns
C、Different business capabilities
D、Employee quality
6、In the process of enterprises' spatial expansion,（ ）has the lowest risk.
A、Building an off-site warehouse
B、Building a regional sales office
C、Appointing a sales agent
D、Building an off-site factory
7、In the threshold of enterprise metamorphosis and spatial evolution model, crossing（ ）is the fastest
A、Activity space
B、Information space
C、Decision space
D、Operation space
8、According to Hakansson's global expansion model, where do new companies usually build their offices?
A、The place where the founders live or work
B、Cost-oriented location
C、Profit-oriented location
D、Market-oriented location
9、Which process plays a pioneering role in an enterprise’s expansion?
A、Marketing
B、Production
C、R&D
D、Consumption
10、Which organizational structure divides departments according to enterprises' customer type?
A、Geographic organizational structure
B、Functional organizational structure
C、Product organizational structure
D、Customer organizational structure
11、Which one is the correct description of the drivers of business growth?
A、To achieve economies of scale
B、To internalize transactions
C、To take advantage of the technology
D、To cope with market competition
12、What are the strategies for business growth ?
A、Horizontal integration
B、Vertical integration
C、Diversity
D、Intra-product specialization
13、The spatial growth of an enterprise generally goes through different stages. Which of the following are correct?
A、Single product, single function, single factory stage
B、Single product, multi-function, multi-factory stage
C、Multi-product, multi-function, multi-factory stage
D、Single product, single function, multi-factory stage
14、What are the most common rules followed by enterprise spatial expansion?
A、Contagious diffusion
B、Hierarchical diffusion
C、Jump diffusion
D、Channel expansion
15、Which of the following models describes the international spatial evolution mode of enterprises?
A、Market area expansion model
B、Taylor's enterprise metamorphosis and spatial evolution model
C、Hakansson's global expansion model
D、Dicken's global shift
16、Which of the following departments will be established by companies that adopt the functional organizational structure?
A、Manufacturing Department
B、Marketing Department
C、Finance Department
D、Human Resources Department
17、Which of the following departments will be established by auto companies that adopt the product organizational structure?
A、Car Department
B、Truck Department
C、Agricultural Machinery Department
D、Research and Development Department
18、Companies that adopt the geographical organizational structure will generally divide their departments according to ( ).
A、Production facility location
B、Customer location
C、Product Type
D、Function type
19、Which of the following descriptions of the spatial features of the company's organizational structure are correct?
A、The spatial structure of the functional organizational structure is generally relatively concentrated
B、The spatial structure of the product organizational structure is relatively dispersed
C、The spatial structure of the geographical organizational structure is the most dispersed
D、There are no rules.
20、Which of the following description is right regarding the process of enterprise spatial expansion?
A、The spatial expansion brought by internal growth is often planned
B、Internal growth generally leads to locating at nearby
C、Corporate mergers often have a law of distance decay
D、The process of enterprise spatial expansion is randomly distributed
Unit 5 Location of Multinational Corporation (MNCs)
Exam 5
1、Which American economist put forward the product cycle theory in 1966?
A、Vernon
B、Coase
C、Dunning
D、Rugman
2、Which famous British scholar on multinational corporations proposed the eclectic theory in 1977?
A、Vernon
B、Dunning
C、Coase
D、Lewis
3、What are the main stages in product cycle theory?
A、new product stage, maturing product stage, standardized product stage
B、maturing product stage, standardized product stage, new product stage
C、trial product stage, new Product Stage, standardized product stage
D、trial product Stage, maturing product stage, standardized product stage
4、Where is the actual location of the headquarter of a multinational corporation?
A、major metropolitan area
B、characteristic town
C、capital
D、large and medium-sized city
5、According to the eclectic theory, what are the advantages that enterprises have before their foreign direct investment?
A、ownership advantages
B、internalization advantages
C、location advantages
D、externalization advantages
6、Which of the following statements about the Uppsala model are true?
A、The internationalization process of companies is generally as follows: accidental export, agency export, establishment of overseas sales offices, overseas direct manufacturing.
B、The internationalization of enterprises is a gradual development process.
C、The international expansion of enterprises is the process of gradually shortening the “psychological distance”.
D、It was proposed according to the process of internationalization of Swedish enterprises.
7、What are the micro location choices of transnational investment?
A、close to the economic center
B、close to the border of Neighboring country
C、area with close cultural and social ties
D、No special requirements for location
8、What are the location requirements for the headquarters of a multinational corporation?
A、convenient transportation
B、convenience of timely information acquisition
C、convenience of timely contact with key personnel
D、good natural environment
9、Which of the following statements about the change in the headquarters location of a multinational corporation are true?
A、Multinational corporations generally rarely relocate their headquarters from their home countries to other countries.
B、Within a country, the relocation of corporate headquarters between cities is common.
C、Within a city, corporate headquarters are often moved out of the city center.
D、Almost no change.
10、What are the location requirements for the R&D institution of a multinational corporation?
A、close to research institutions and trade organizations
B、close to the supply area of abundant and high-quality labor force
C、close to the users of the new product
D、close to high-level universities
11、What are the location choices of the R&D institution of a multinational corporation?
A、metropolitan area
B、university research concentration area
C、location of the corporation's headquarter
D、home country
12、Which of the following statements about the location distribution of R&D institutions of different types of multinational corporations are true?
A、Home market corporations rarely establish their R&D institutions overseas.
B、While establishing R&D institutions in their home countries, host market corporations also establish high-level R&D institutions in overseas markets.
C、World market corporations tend to establish international and relatively independent research laboratories at appropriate locations.
D、Multinational corporations from developing countries often set up high-level R&D institutions in developed countries.
13、Which of the following statements about the location features of production units of multinational corporations are true?
A、The production units are far more dispersed than the corporate headquarters and R&D institutions.
B、The production units are far more centralized than the corporate headquarters and R&D institutions.
C、Different production activities have different location requirements.
D、Corporations with the same production activities also have different locations due to different production techniques and organizational patterns.
14、Which of the following statements about the specialized production of production units of multinational corporations are true?
A、Enterprises with specialized production have multiple production locations(countries).
B、Each of location focuses on the production of a product that serves regional or world markets.
C、These specialized factories are generally large in scale.
D、All of these statements are true.
15、Which of the following statements about the location features of transnational horizontal integrated production are true?
A、Enterprises with this type of production carry out specialized production in different locations (countries).
B、A country with production units is just for processing exports.
C、The production unit only acts as an “international procurement station” for multinational corporations.
D、This production activity mostly occurs in labor-intensive industries in developed countries (or newly industrialized countries).
16、Multinational investment in any region can be analyzed from three aspects: ( ), ( ) and ( ).
A、production chain
B、organizational chain
C、ownership relation
D、innovation chain
17、What are the features of the relationship between a multinational corporation and the place of investment?
A、complementarity
B、competitiveness
C、variability
D、identity
18、What are the main factors that affect the relationship between a multinational corporation and the place of investment?
A、socio-political background
B、structural status
C、relative position
D、ideology
19、Which of the following factors will affect the relationship between a multinational corporation and the place of investment?
A、political and social stability in the place of investment
B、cultural similarity
C、industrial structure of the place of investment
D、technical structure of the place of investment
20、Which of the following statements are true about the complementarity between multinational corporations and the places of investment?
A、Multinational corporations and regions have their own strengths, and these strengths are needed by each other.
B、Multinational corporations try to establish branches through investment, in order to obtain resources and markets in the places of investment.
C、China's strategy of market for technology
D、The place of investment hopes to gain the advantages of multinational corporation through multinational investment.
Midtem Examination
Mid-term Exam
1、What factors determine the size of free agricultural circle in Thunen's agricultural location theory?
A、the urban area
B、the size of urban population
C、natural environment
D、crop type
2、Where does the phenomenon of inverse Thunen Circle occur?
A、urban areas in developed countries
B、rural areas in developed countries
C、rural areas in developing countries
D、rural areas in China
3、In Weber’s industrial location theory, which factor plays a decisive role?
A、wage
B、freight
C、agglomeration
D、raw material
4、When the raw material index is less than 1, what is the type of industrial optimal location?
A、material orientation
B、market orientation
C、free orientation
D、None of the above answers is correct.
5、What is the greatest contribution of Hoover’s industrial location theory?
A、the analysis of freight structure
B、the minimum cost rule
C、the minimum labor cost rule
D、the industrial agglomeration theory
6、What is the biggest characteristic of Losch’s location theory?
A、the profit maximization theory
B、the cost minimization theory
C、the market maximization theory
D、the agglomeration orientation theory
7、When was the study of behaviorist location theory very active?
A、in the second half of the 19th century
B、in the early 20th century
C、in the 1960s and 1970s
D、since the end of the 20th century
8、Which of the following statements is incorrect about Smith’s theory of spatial margin of profitability?
A、Government subsidies will increase the possibility of location selection.
B、The location selection of enterprises will be affected by some non-economic factors.
C、Entrepreneurial ability affects the feasibility of enterprise’s location selection.
D、The spatial cost and revenue curves don’t reflect the basic form of industrial location model.
9、What is the shape of the spatial organization of the market area according to the central place theory?
A、circle
B、hexagon
C、square
D、oval
10、According to the central place theory, which of the following statements conforms to the market principle under the central location sequence?
A、K=3
B、K=4
C、K=6
D、K=7
11、What method did the central place theory first introduce into geography?
A、deductive method
B、comparative method
C、logical method
D、empirical method
12、Compared with other industrial location, what is the biggest feature of retail location?
A、producer orientation
B、cost orientation
C、profit orientation
D、consumer orientation
13、Which refers to the process of spatial expansion of social and economic activities from near to far?
A、contagious diffusion
B、hierarchical diffusion
C、relationship diffusion
D、channel expansion
14、What is the key assumption for the possibility of the market area expansion model?
A、size of cities and towns
B、the difference of the urban population size
C、different business capabilities
D、employee quality
15、Which process plays a pioneering role in an enterprise’s expansion?
A、marketing
B、production
C、research and development
D、consumption
16、In the threshold of enterprise metamorphosis and spatial evolution model,crossing ( ) is the fastest.
A、information space
B、decision space
C、operation space
D、activity space
17、Which organizational structure divides departments according to enterprises’ customer type?
A、functional organizational structure
B、product organizational structure
C、geographic organizational structure
D、customer organizational structure
18、Which American scholar proposed the influential retail gravitation model?
A、Reilly
B、Hoover
C、Porter
D、Prandfoot
19、About the structure of the city’s central business district,what representative model did Horwood and Boyce put forward?
A、a core and periphery model
B、a concentric-circle model
C、a point axis model
D、a network model
20、What is the theoretical basis of retail location research?
A、market location theory
B、industrial location theory
C、central pace theory
D、behaviorist location theory
21、What is the significance of Thunen’s agricultural location theory?
A、Natural conditions aren’t the absolute cause of spatial differentiation in agriculture.
B、Absolutely superior modes of agricultural production don’t exist for all regions.
C、Thunen applied scientific abstraction in his research.
D、For the first time, Thunen systematically expounded the influence of spatial friction on human economic activities.
22、Which of the following statements about the labor coefficient are true?
A、The large labor coefficient means that the possibility of keeping away from the least freight location is large.
B、The small labor coefficient indicates the strong orientation of the least location of freight.
C、The higher the labor coefficient is, the more industrial distribution tends to be dispersed.
D、The higher the labour coefficient is, the more industry tends to concentrate on areas where labor is cheap.
23、What are the basic factors that influence retail location decision?
A、consumer market
B、accessibility to shopping sites
C、peer competition
D、land price
24、What are the main influencing factors of land price?
A、traffic convenience
B、spatial relevance
C、satisfaction with the surrounding environment
D、policy
25、Which of the following departments will be established by companies that adopt the functional organizational structure?
A、manufacturing department
B、Marketing department
C、finance department
D、human Resources department
26、Which of the following descriptions of the spatial features of the company's organizational structure are correct?
A、The spatial structure of the functional organizational structure is generally relatively concentrated.
B、The spatial structure of the product organizational structure is relatively dispersed.
C、The spatial structure of the geographical organizational structure is the most dispersed.
D、There are no rules.
27、Which of the following description is right regarding the process of enterprise spatial expansion?
A、The process of enterprise spatial expansion is randomly distributed.
B、Corporate mergers often have a law of distance decay.
C、Internal growth generally leads to locating at nearby.
D、The spatial expansion brought by internal growth is often planned.
28、According to the eclectic theory, what are the advantages that enterprises have before their foreign direct investment?
A、ownership advantages
B、externalization advantages
C、internalization advantages
D、location advantages
29、What are the location choices of the R&D institution of a multinational corporation?
A、metropolitan area
B、university research concentration area
C、location of the corporation’s headquarter
D、home country
30、What are the features of the relationship between a multinational corporation and the place of investment?
A、identity
B、complementarity
C、variability
D、competitiveness
Unit 6 Structure and Organization of Region
Exam 6
1、When the industry of the backward country catches up with the advanced country, by what model does it develop alternately?
A、export-domestic production-import
B、import-domestic production-export
C、import-domestic production
D、export-domestic production
2、According to Hoffmann's theorem, which of the following formulas for Hoffmann’s coefficient H is true?
A、H=the net output of capital-intensive industry/the net output of consumption goods industry
B、H=the net income of consumption goods industry/the total expenditure of consumption goods industry
C、H=the net income of capital-intensive industry/the total expenditure of capital-intensive industry
D、H= the net output of consumption goods industry/ the net output of capital-intensive industry
3、Industrialization is reflected in the rising share of national income and employment in ( ).
A、agriculture
B、handicraft industry
C、business
D、industry
4、Industrialization is reflected in the rising share of national income and employment in ( ).
A、agriculture
B、handicraft industry
C、business
D、industry
5、( ) refers to the influence of the spatial location relationship among different regions or economic activities within a region on their connections.
A、agglomeration mechanism
B、diffusion mechanism
C、spatial proximity effect
D、location orientation
6、Which of the following statements about rural industrialization is not true?
A、Rural industrialization is an important way to solve the problems in urban and rural areas and promote the urban-rural integration.
B、rural industrialization is jointly promoted by various non-agricultral industries that developed in rural areas.
C、Rural industrialization is not only a reform of rural development, but also an important part of national industrialization.
D、Rural Industrialization is the process of the rise and development of rural industry and the process of promoting the economic and social progress of the entire rural area.
7、After 1978, China entered into the stage of dual economy. The first dual economy is nationwide; the second dual economy is within ( ).
A、cities
B、countries
C、regions
D、urban and rural areas
8、High industry correlation is one of the characteristics that the leading industry must have. The correlation degree of an industry can be judged by ( ).
A、output rate coefficient
B、inductive coefficient
C、impact coefficient
D、productivity coefficient
9、What are the effects of technological innovation on the upgrade of regional structure?
A、replacing products and industries
B、guiding and changing consumer demand
C、initiating and promoting institutional innovation
D、enhancing regional economic competitiveness
10、What are the functional elements of a regional innovation network?
A、institutional innovation
B、technological innovation
C、management innovation
D、service innovation
11、What are the effects of rural industrialization on the development of agricultural areas?
A、It has changed the industrial structure of rural areas.
B、It has promoted the marketization of the economy in rural areas.
C、It has increased foreign exchanges in rural areas.
D、It can cultivate new growth points for the economic development of rural areas.
12、In general, what features should a leading industry have?
A、high coefficient of comparative advantage
B、high industry correlation
C、high demand and income elasticity
D、high rate of productivity growth
13、Regional spatial structure connects relevant resources and elements scattered in geographical space through certain spatial organization forms, and can produce unique economic benefits, including ( ).
A、agglomeration economies
B、economies of scope
C、economies of scale
D、economy saving
14、What stages did Friedman divide the evolution of regional spatial structure into?
A、the pre-industrial stage
B、the industrialization stage
C、the post-industrial stage
D、the transition stage
15、What are the basic elements of regional spatial structure?
A、points
B、lines
C、networks
D、domain planes
16、What are the roles of cities in regional development?
A、organizing and driving regional development
B、Regional development isn’t influenced by cities.
C、promoting regional economic and social evolution
D、constructing regional spatial structure
17、Regional innovation network is a relatively stable relationship network that is formed by the innovation subjects gathered in a certain region through long-term ( ) communication and cooperation among them, and it can promote the development of innovation.
A、multi-channel
B、multi-mode
C、multi-level
D、/
18、The regional industrial structure reflects the connection between micro-economic geography and macro-economic geography.
19、Spatial proximity effect refers to the influence of the spatial location relationship among different regions or economic activities within a region on their connections.
20、According to Friedman’s Core-Periphery theory, the development of the core and the periphery is equal, and they influence each other and develop jointly.
21、The double dual structure stage can be subdivided into two stages, 1979-1988 and 1988-now.
22、With the emergence of modern high and new technology, the function of factors in economic growth has undergone a fundamental change, and technological innovation can fully make up for the deficiencies in terms of resources in the region.
23、According to Friedman’s theory of regional spatial structure evolution, the basic feature in the transition stage is the homogeneous disorder of regional space, in which there are several local centers, but there is no hierarchical structure differentiation among them.
24、The point-axis spatial structure can also be called point-axis system. It’s developed on the basis of network spatial structure.
25、According to Lu Dadao’s theory of regional spatial structure evolution,in the transition stage, the regional spatial structure is in a low “equilibrium” and relatively stable on the whole.
26、Location orientation is an important and underlying factor that affects the formation and development of regional spatial structure.
27、The location orientation, the internal connection and the pursuit of the agglomeration economy of economic activities are the three reasons for the formation of the agglomeration mechanism.
28、When the regional spatial structure becomes mature, the agglomeration mechanism and the diffusion mechanism come into play simultaneously. Generally, the agglomeration mechanism is stronger than the diffusion mechanism.
29、The mechanisms of agglomeration and diffusion are inertial, and their functions are unlimited.
30、The subject elements of regional innovation network include enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions, local governments and other organizations and their individuals.
Unit 7 Regional Economic Development
Exam 7
1、Which of the following statements is true about Perroux’s theory of growth poles in 1950?
A、The effect of the city on the surrounding area and other cities is balanced but not simultaneous.
B、The effect of the city on the surrounding area and other cities isn’t balanced orsimultaneous.
C、The effect of the city on the surrounding area and other cities isn’t balanced but simultaneous.
D、The effect of the city on the surrounding area and other cities is balanced and simultaneous.
2、What is the relationship between the multiplier principle and the acceleration principle?
A、Both reflect investment decisions.
B、The multiplier principle reflects the decision of national income, and the acceleration principle reflects the decision of investment.
C、The multiplier principle explains how an economy prospers, and the acceleration principle explains how an economy declines.
D、The change of national income under the effect of multiplier is larger than that under the joint effect of multiplier and acceleration.
3、American economists Hoover and Fisher pointed out that there’s a “standard stage sequence” of economic growth in any region. In ( ) stage, agricultural production mode began to change, gradually from extensive to intensive and specialized.
A、self-sufficiency
B、rural industry rise
C、agricultural production structure transformation
D、industrialization
4、According to Rostow’s theory of economic growth stage, in ( ) stage, steel, machinery, chemistry and other heavy and chemical industries will become the leading sectors to drive economic growth.
A、traditional society
B、economic take-off
C、maturity
D、high mass consumption
5、According to ( ), industrial agglomeration can produce external economies of scale and external economies of scope.
A、transaction cost theory
B、principle of agglomeration economy
C、innovation theory
D、industrial organization theory
6、What are the characteristics of the economic region?
A、organizational homogeneity or group identity
B、relative exclusivity in space
C、openness to external contacts
D、hierarchy in combinations
7、What are the characteristics of regional governance?
A、Regional development needs to be promoted more effectively on the basis of addressing market mechanisms and purely superior-subordinate government management mechanisms.
B、All stakeholders including governments, non-governmental organizations, businesses,and individuals should resolve regional development problems by consulting on the basis of equality.
C、Regional governance should make up for the shortcomings of market exchange and top-down government regulation.
D、A polycentric, decentralized, independent and balanced decision-making mechanism and dispute resolution mechanism should be established.
8、Economist Rostow thinks, after the long-term accumulation, economic growth will produce qualitative change at some point. What basic conditions are required for this qualitative change?
A、The rate of productive investment increases.
B、Leading industries held by the industrial sector develop rapidly.
C、The political, social, and institutional structure is conducive to the expansion of modern industries.
D、The demand for consumer durables and labor services has never been higher.
9、In terms of resource allocation, what are the influencing factors of regional economic growth?
A、factor endowment
B、resource allocation capability
C、locational condition
D、external environment
10、According to the circular accumulation view, the monetary wage level and its growth rate are equal in all regions of the country due to the same system. In developed regions, the growth rate of output and productivity increases because of agglomeration economies, thus reducing relative efficiency wages.
11、According to Nurkse, the relationship between various factors of social economy does not keep balance or tend to be balanced, but keeps cycling, and this cycling has accumulation effect.
12、Regional economic development refers to regional economic growth.
13、The “Fordism” mode of production is more flexible to meet the changing needs of the market.
14、The development of process-based division of labor is necessary for the generation of traditional industrial clusters.
15、Locational condition is one of the internal factors affecting regional economic growth, and regional economic growth is subject to locational condition to a large extent.
16、The spillover effect of growth pole means that the polarization effect generated by growth pole is greater than its diffusion effect, thus greatly promoting the development of growth pole.
17、The economic zone is an organization with its own boundary, and it’s relatively independent in the regional economy.
18、Resource endowment is the main factor affecting regional economic growth. The resources needed for regional economic growth can be divided into natural resources and .
19、The resource allocation capability mainly consists of the economic system, , the organizational level of enterprises and their industrial structure.
20、Growth poles exert organizational effects on regional economic activities through dominant effect, multiplier effect, and .
21、The circular accumulation causation theory was first put forward by the economist Myrdal, and the vicious circle of poverty theory put forward by the American economist can be regarded as the application of the theory.
22、There are three prerequisites for the formation of an industrial cluster: supply, demand and .
23、In Marshall’s industrial cluster, companies are dominant with no leading companies. Also its economy of scale is low.
Unit 8 Features and Influencing Factors of Globalization of Economic Activities
Exam 8
1、What does The Fourth World refer to ( )?
A、Most Developed Countries
B、Least Developed Countries
C、Resource Exporting Countries
D、Countries Against Globalization
2、What play a key role in the process of economic globalization? ( )
A、Governments
B、Multinational Corporations
C、Transportation
D、Communication Information
3、According to the trend of the development of the world economy, which one is not the characteristic of future economic globalization ( ) ?
A、Scientific and technological developments further improve the conditions for economic cooperation among countries and are conducive to the development of globalization.
B、International exchange of people and cultures will create a favorable climate of opinion for economic globalization.
C、Profitability for all parties involved in international resource exchanges will overcome disputes over the allocation of resources among countries and give economic globalization an undulating character.
D、The process of economic globalization will to some extent be facilitated by large differences in levels of productive development between countries.
4、What is the main contribution of multinational corporations to economic globalization?
A、Accelerating the internationalization of production and
B、Promoting technological progress and international technical exchanges
C、Expanding international trade volume
D、The above options are all correct
5、Since the end of the war, the economies of the vast number of developing countries and regions have developed tremendously, but the gap between different countries and regions has continued to widen, and the scale and level of economic development have diverged at different levels, mainly including（ ） ?
A、Newly industrialized countries and regions
B、Petroleum exporting countries
C、"BRICS"
D、Agricultural and mineral raw materials exporting countries
6、What countries are included in the BRICS? ( )
A、China
B、Brazil
C、Australia
D、South Africa
7、What are the main manifestations of economic globalization ? ( )
A、Liberalization of trade
B、International production
C、Globalization of capital
D、Globalization of technology
8、What influence economic globalization most ( )?
A、Technology development
B、Development of multinational corporations
C、Liberalization of trade
D、Liberalization of investment
9、Economic globalization is conducive to enhancing the impartiality of global economic operation rules.
10、Economic globalization refers to the widespread international movement of goods, capital, services, technology and information. It is the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national, regional, and local economies across the world through an intensification of cross-border movement of goods, services, technologies and capital.
11、The essence of economic globalization is economic integration.
12、The possibility of world economic fluctuations under economic globalization has declined.
13、Economic globalization has provided favorable conditions for cooperation in solving economic and social development problems.
14、Developing countries are the largest beneficiaries of economic globalization.
15、A major feature of economic globalization is the convergence of development between regions and the narrowing of development gaps.
16、Economic globalization has promoted the further development of international division of labor and changed the economic landscape.
17、Non-governmental organizations have always played an important and active role in the development of globalization.
18、The post-war imbalance between developed and developing countries has increased, but the gap among developing countries has gradually narrowed.
Unit 9 Regional Responses to the Economic Globalization
Exam 9
1、According to ( ), regional international economic integration is mainly based on the mutual benefit of economies of scale, which is essentially a compromising behavior in the international economy.
A、interdependence theory
B、theory of big market
C、agreed specialization theory
D、Customs Union theory
2、The development of the international division of labor has gone through the embryonic stage, the formation stage, the development stage and the deepening stage. The period from the mid-19th century to World War II was ( ).
A、the embryonic stage
B、the formation stage
C、the development stage
D、the deepening stage
3、Intra-product specialization is a new form of international specialization under the background of globalization. It means that the links or processes of the production process of a specific product are spread out geographically on the global scale, and more and more countries participate in the production of different links or processes of the product, forming a global ( ) production system.
A、dotted
B、linear
C、network
D、planar
4、Intra-product specialization conforms to the requirement of transforming from comparative advantage to ( ).
A、competitive advantage
B、absolute advantage
C、competitive disadvantage
D、comparative disadvantage
5、Localization is a development strategy of multinational corporations to cater to the customs, religious beliefs and other cultural traditions of host countries, in order to gain the recognition of ( ) in the process of globalization.
A、the international market
B、the local market
C、the local government
D、the local corporations
6、Reasons for the rapid development of regional and international economic integration after WWII include ( ).
A、the deepening of market-oriented reforms on a global scale
B、the limitations of the WTO multilateral trading system
C、all kinds of positive economical effects produced by the region integration
D、seeking political rapprochement, reducing conflicts and stabilizing the region
7、The negative impacts of regional international economic integration include ( ).
A、trade transfer
B、trade barriers
C、investment transfer
D、technology diffusion effect
8、The internal impacts of regional international economic integration include ( ).
A、promoting the trade development of member countries
B、promoting the economic development of member countries
C、improving the status of member countries and regions in international economic and trade
D、The sovereignty of the member countries is correspondingly bound.
9、In the context of globalization, there are some new agents of economic activities in the new contexts for the study of inter-regional relations. These agents include ( ).
A、multinational corporations
B、regional economic integration organizations
C、corporations
D、NGOs
10、In the context of globalization, internal requirements for regional cooperation include ( ).
A、requirements for completing the value creation process
B、requirements for the realization of the company's global business strategies
C、requirements for technological innovation cooperation among countries
D、requirements for the integrated construction of economies of scale and market standards
11、The development conditions of intra-product specialization include ( ).
A、production process separability
B、the development of communication
C、multinational companies
D、the development of transportation technology
12、Which of the following statements are true about the intra-product specialization?
A、Intra-product specialization is the embodiment of the development of process-based specialization.
B、Intra-product specialization reflects the development requirement of economies of scale.
C、Intra-product specialization is affected by imperfect competitive market structure.
D、Intra-product specialization reflects the significance of transaction cost savings.
13、Regional economic differences refer to differences in ( ).
A、economic output
B、economic growth rate
C、economic structure
D、conditions for economic development
14、Types of regional international economic integration include ( ).
A、special tariff zone
B、free trade zone
C、customs union
D、economic union
15、What are the three pillars of the European Union?
A、common political system
B、economic and monetary union
C、common foreign and security policies
D、common judicial and police cooperation
16、Types of international division of labor include ( ).
A、vertical international division of labor
B、horizontal international division of labor
C、hybrid international division of labor
D、network international division of labor
17、Political reasons for the rapid development of regional and international economic integration after WWII include ( ).
A、disseminating the subject's political values
B、promoting domestic institutional reform
C、the limitations of the WTO multilateral trading system
D、seeking political protection at the regional level
18、Regionalization refers to the efforts of partial transfer of sovereignty and elimination of discriminatory trade policies between local regions. The degree of market integration and system integration is higher than that of globalization.
19、The forces of globalization thus have a homogenizing effect, with a dispersion effect on the evolution of regional economic differences.
20、Multinational corporations are "non-local".
21、According to the theory of federalist legalism, the transfer of state power should be carried out step by step in accordance with the needs.
22、The organizational structure of multinational corporations is characterized by diversity and localization.
23、Regional economic differences can be controlled to a limited extent.
24、The relative differences of regional economic development refer to the differences in economic development between regions measured by the rate of change of an indicator. It reflects the actual economic gap among regions.
25、The profit-seeking nature of factors makes the movement of them in the global space have a certain geographical orientation, and the phenomenon of concentration of economic activities in specific locations still exists, widening regional differences in the era of globalization.
26、Those who advocate political and economic separation generally emphasize the role of supranational organizations in the integration process, but they ignore the existence of supranational organizations.
27、According to the interdependence theory, Karl Wolfgone Deutsch of Yale University thinks interdependence can produce both positive and negative effects. Strong positive interdependence will lead to cooperation and even integration, while strong negative interdependence will cause conflicts and wars.
28、From the perspective of a member country, the la
学习通Economic Geography
经济地理学是一门关于地理空间与经济活动之间相互作用关系的研究学科。学习通Economic Geography课程是一门介绍经济地理学基本理论、主要研究内容及方法的课程。该课程适合经济、地理、管理、环境等相关专业的学生学习。
课程内容
学习通Economic Geography课程的主要内容包括以下几个方面：
- 经济地理学的概念及发展历程
- 空间结构与区域经济发展
- 城市与城市体系的经济地理学分析
- 全球化与经济地理学
- 资源与环境的经济地理学分析
- 新经济地理学的基本理论
通过学习这些内容，学生能够了解经济地理学的基本理论和研究方法，掌握经济地理学的主要研究领域和最新进展，以及认识经济地理学在实际应用中的作用。
学习方式
该课程的学习方式主要分为三部分：
- 在线视频课程学习：学生可以通过观看学习通平台上的在线视频课程来学习课程内容。
- 在线讨论与交流：学生可以在学习通平台上与老师和其他学生进行在线讨论和交流，共同探讨课程内容。
- 作业提交和批改：学生需要按要求完成课程作业，并在学习通平台上提交，老师会对作业进行批改。
此外，学生还可以通过参加线下课堂教学、阅读相关文献等方式进一步深入学习课程内容。
课程评价
通过学习该课程，我收获了以下几点：
- 了解经济地理学的基本理论和发展历程，对经济地理学研究的主要对象和方法有了更深入的认识。
- 掌握了空间结构与区域经济发展、城市与城市体系的经济地理学分析等方面的知识，对我了解全球化和地域经济发展有了更全面的认识。
- 通过完成课程作业和参加线下教学，我学会了如何运用经济地理学的理论和方法进行实际问题的分析和解决。
综上所述，学习通Economic Geography课程是一门非常有价值的课程，对我以后的学习和工作都有很大的帮助。
中国大学经济地理学
经济地理学是一门关于地理空间与经济活动之间关系的学科，与经济学、地理学和社会学等学科都有着紧密的联系。在中国大学，经济地理学是一个相对独立的专业，也是较为受欢迎的专业之一。
中国大学经济地理学专业的学习内容
中国大学的经济地理学专业主要研究地理空间上的经济活动与区域发展之间的关系，以及不同地区之间的经济发展状况的差异。具体的学习内容包括：
- 地理信息科学的基本理论
- 地理空间数据的采集、处理和分析
- 地理空间与经济活动之间的关系
- 区域经济发展的理论与实践
- 城市化与城市经济发展
- 农村经济发展与农业现代化
- 自然资源开发与利用
中国大学经济地理学专业的就业前景
经济地理学专业的毕业生通常可以从事以下领域的工作：
- 地理信息系统和遥感技术的开发和应用
- 地理空间数据的采集、处理和分析
- 城市规划、土地利用与交通规划
- 产业政策的制定与实施
- 自然资源开发与利用，环境保护与管理
- 城市经济、区域经济和农村经济的研究和分析
在当前中国经济快速发展的背景下，经济地理学专业毕业生的就业前景非常广阔。他们可以选择在、企业、高校等不同领域工作，发挥自己的专业知识和技能。
中国大学经济地理学专业的优势和挑战
中国大学的经济地理学专业在教学和科研方面都有着一定的优势。首先，中国作为全球第二大经济体，对经济地理学专业的需求量很大，毕业生就业前景较好。其次，中国大学在经济地理学方面的教学和科研水平也在不断提高，一些高水平研究机构和实验室也不断涌现。
然而，中国大学经济地理学专业也面临一些挑战。首先，由于经济地理学专业的学科交叉性，需要掌握跨学科的知识和技能，对学生的学习能力和综合素质要求较高。其次，与其他一些热门专业相比，经济地理学专业的就业渠道相对较窄，需要毕业生有足够的竞争力才能在职场上脱颖而出。
结语
从以上内容可以看出，中国大学的经济地理学专业是一门既有挑战，又有机遇的专业。只有在大学期间认真学习专业知识和技能，提升自己的综合素质和竞争力，才能在今后的职场上立足。
