超星Microbiology课后答案(学习通2023完整答案)
超星Microbiology课后答案(学习通2023完整答案)
Introduction quize
1、超星Antony van Leeuwenhoek made a microscope with a magnification of ( ) times,课后 using which he clearly saw bacteria and protozoa.
A、50~300
B、答案10 around
C、学习2~20
D、通完500~1000
2、整答The超星 basics of the common characteristics of microorganisms is ( ).
A、absorb more,课后 transform quickly
B、small size,答案 large area
C、prosperous growth,学习 fast reproduction
D、adaptable,通完 easy variation
3、In order to deny the "Spontaneous Generation",整答 Pasteur carried out many experiments on the basis of previous work, among which the famous ( ) confirmed that the air did contain microorganisms, which caused the corruption of organic matter.
A、Anaerobic experiment
B、超星Sterilization experiment
C、课后Retort experiment
D、答案Strain Isolation experiment
4、Which of the following is Koch’s basic principle of proving whether a microorganism is the causative agent of a disease? ( )
A、Pasteur Effect
B、Koch Postulates
C、Species Principle
D、Immune Principles
5、The founder of bacterial staining and solid medium applications is ( ).
A、Pasteur
B、Koch
C、Antony van Leeuwenhoek
D、Ivanovsky
6、In the history of microbial development, there was a "golden age" for finding important pathogens. The main reason is ( ).
A、application of microscope
B、establishment of disinfectant
C、the success of the separation technology of pure species microorganism
D、establishment of culture technology of pure species microorganism
7、The first infectious disease that has been eradicated is ( ).
A、Measles
B、Poliomyelitis
C、Smallpox
D、Chickenpox
8、The scientist who first isolated M. tuberculosis, V. cholera and Bacillus anthracis is ( ).
A、Pasteur
B、Koch
C、Paul·Ehrich
D、Joseph·Lister
9、Liszt's successful invention of surgical sterilization was inspired by ( ).
A、Pasteur's research on "wine disease"
B、Koch invented pure species separation technology
C、Buchner found the alcohol enzyme
D、Mechenkov proposed cell immunology
10、It is ( ) to indicate that microorganisms are infectious diseases.
A、theory of evolution
B、germ theory of disease
C、biological cytology
D、diminishing returns theory
11、The introduction in microbiology of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of infectious diseases is due to ( ).
A、developed genetic engineering
B、found antibiotics
C、Hooke's work
D、clarify DNA structure
12、The development period in the history of microbiology is at the stage of ( ).
A、morphological description
B、perceptual knowledge
C、physiological level research
D、biochemistry level research
13、The scientist who discovered penicillin is ( ).
A、Hershey
B、Prusiner
C、Fleming
D、Waksman
14、There have been three major pandemics in human history, of which the ( ) is commonly known as the "Black Death".
A、Smallpox
B、Cholera
C、AIDS
D、Plague
15、( ) is usually expressed in units of microbial size.
A、Micron
B、Micron or Nanometre
C、Nanometre
D、Millimeter
16、Which of the following are the research results of Pasteur? ( )
A、Invented the immunization method
B、Found that fermentation was caused by yeast
C、Invented dyeing observation and microphotography
D、Denied the theory of "natural occurrence"
17、Which of the following are microorganisms that belong to prokaryotic cells? ( )
A、Bacteria
B、Actinomycete
C、Virus
D、Spirochete
18、Which of the following microorganisms are not prokaryotic microorganisms? ( ).
A、Bacteria
B、Mold
C、Yeast
D、Protozoa
19、Microorganisms are the general and common name of microscopic organisms invisible to the naked eye, and have no taxonomic significance.
20、Microorganisms that survive in extreme environments can also survive under ordinary conditions.
21、Microorganisms have the characteristics of small size, simple structure, single cell, rapid propagation, large number and direct contact with the external environment. These characteristics make microorganisms prone to mutation.
22、The second "Gold Rush" in the history of microbiology is to find the metabolites of various effective microorganisms.
23、Pasteur, a famous microbiologist, was the first to see the individual morphology of microorganisms under a microscope.
24、Pasteurization was established in the course of addressing "wine disease".
25、Fleming's discovery of penicillin ushered in a new era of antibiotics.
26、The methods of preserving foods such as salting, sugar pickling, smoking and air drying, which have been folk commonly used for a long time, actually prevent food spoilage by inhibiting microbial growth.
27、As a result of the application of modem biotechnology, particularly gene therapy and the production of genetically engineered drugs, many of the conquered infectious diseases, such as Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Malaria, Cholera, Smallpox and so on, cannot be “re-emerging”.
28、Antony van Leeuwenhoek was the founder of microbiology and Koch was the founder of bacteriology.
Chapter II Prokaryotic microbe
Prokaryoticmicroorganism quize
1、Which of the following does not belong to the special structure of bacteria? ( )
A、Flagellum
B、Pili
C、Glycocalyx
D、Sclerotium
2、After the bacteria with capsule are stained by negative staining, the capsule is color and the bacteria is color. ( )
A、light yellow, red
B、red, light gray
C、red, light yellow
D、light gray, red
3、The reproduction of bacteria first started in which of the following periods? ( )
A、Membrane Splitting
B、Wall Splitting
C、DNA Replication
D、Ribosome Replication
4、Which of the following is the place of energy metabolism in bacterial cell? （ ）
A、Cell Membrane
B、Mitochondrion
C、Ribosome
D、Plasmid
5、Which of the following is the characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes? ( )
A、Nucleus with or without a nuclear membrane
B、With or without cell membrane
C、With or without genetic material
D、Different cell sizes
6、The main component of the bacterial cell wall is ( ).
A、Mannan
B、Chitin
C、Peptidoglycan
D、Pectin
7、The unique component in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is ( ).
A、Peptidoglycan
B、Lipopolysaccharide
C、Phosphorous Wall Sugar
D、Lipoprotein
8、The fishy smell of soil is produced by the metabolites of ( ).
A、Bacteria
B、Actinomycetes
C、Yeast
D、Mold
9、The Mycoplasma is ( ).
A、bacteria after cell wall removal
B、prokaryotic microorganisms with cell walls
C、prokaryotic microorganisms without cell walls
D、prokaryotic microorganisms composed of branched filaments
10、Prokaryote with filaments is ( ).
A、Bacteria
B、Actinomycetes
C、Yeast
D、Mold
11、The flagellum of bacteria is ( ).
A、the only organ of bacterial movement
B、a motor organ of bacteria
C、a mating organ of bacteria
D、the reproductive organ of bacteria
12、The function of bacterial spore is ( ).
A、breeding offspring
B、reproductive pattern
C、through the harsh environment through sleep
D、storing nutrients
13、The three basic forms of most bacterial are ( ).
A、triangle, square, rectangle
B、hexagon, icosahedron, spiral
C、globular, spiral, rhabdoid
D、cube, filament, long prism
14、Which of the following is the main mode of bacteria reproduction? ( ).
A、Mitotic
B、Meiosis
C、Binary fission
D、Budding
15、What is the color of Gram-positive bacteria under the microscope after Gram staining? ( )
A、Red
B、Purple
C、Yellow
D、Blue
16、In the bacterial spore cortex and spore core, what is the special substance related to its heat resistance? ( )
A、PHB
B、DPA-Ca
C、M-DAP
D、small molecule acid soluble DNA binding protein
17、The reagents used in bacterial Gram staining are ( ).
A、Crystal violet
B、Iodine solution
C、Ethanol
D、Safranine
18、The specific structures of bacterial cells are ( ).
A、Endospore
B、Flagellum
C、Capsule
D、Parasporal crystal
19、Which of the following are the functions of bacterial capsules? ( )
A、Anti-drying
B、Anti-chemical agents
C、Store energy
D、Store carbon sources
20、Because of the complex structure of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is more cross-linked than that of Gram-positive bacteria.
21、The shape and arrangement of Actinomycetes spore are stable and can be used as a basis for classification.
22、The main role of bacterial flagellum is related to pathogenicity.
23、The flagellum consists of the basal body, the hook and the filament.
24、The formation of bacterial spores is a way of bacterial reproduction.
25、Bacteria often appear in the form of rhabdoid, globular and spiral.
26、The optimum pH for Bacteria and Actinomycetes is neutral and slightly alkaline, respectively.
27、Mycoplasma has no cell wall, so it is sensitive to antibiotics such as Penicillin and Cycloserine.
28、An important distinguishing feature of Cyanobacteria from other microorganisms is the presence of photosynthetic pigments in cells for oxygen-producing photosynthesis. But it still belongs to Prokaryotic microorganism.
29、Nitrogen fixation is the role of heterocysts of Cyanobacteria.
Chapter III Eukaryotic microorganism
Eukaryotic microorganism quize
1、( ) is the main component of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiac.
A、Chitin
B、Cellulose
C、Mannan and Dextran
D、Lipopolysaccharide and Peptidoglycan
2、The sexual reproduction of Yeast produces ( ).
A、Ascospores
B、Arthrospore
C、Ballistospore
D、Chlamydospore
3、Which of the following yeast vegetative cells can exist in both haploid and diploid ways? ( )
A、Schizosaccharomyces octosporus
B、Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
C、Saccharomycodes Ludwigii
D、All the saccharomyces
4、Which of the following fungi produces nonseptate hyphae? ( )
A、Penicillium
B、Basidiomycete
C、Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
D、Rhizopus
5、( ) can be used to prepare the protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
A、penicillin
B、snail digestive enzyme
C、lysozyme
D、cellulase
6、( ) is produced by the asexual reproduction of Mucor.
A、Conidium
B、Zygospore
C、Ascospore
D、Sporangiospore
7、( ) is produced by the asexual reproduction of Aspergillus.
A、Conidium
B、Zygospore
C、Ascospore
D、Sporangiospore
8、What hyphae of basidiomycetes extend in clamp connection way? ( )
A、Primary hypha
B、Dicaryonhypha
C、All vegetative hypha
D、Basidium
9、Which of the following is the function of vacuoles in Yeast cells? ( ).
A、Store nutrients and hydrolases and regulate osmotic pressure
B、Facilitate cell germination
C、May store nutrients and hydrolases
D、Regulate osmotic pressure
10、( ) is a Mold that spreads continuously on solid substrate so that it cannot form a colony.
A、Aspergillus
B、Geotrichum candidum
C、Penicillium
D、Rhizopus
11、Fungal characteristics include ( ).
A、generally have developed mycelium
B、can't do photosynthesis
C、mainly propagates in binary fission
D、mainly produces large amounts of spores for reproduction
12、Which of the following belong to the cell structure of Yeast? ( )
A、Cell wall
B、Chloroplast
C、Vacuoles
D、Cell membrane
13、Which of the following are the specialized form of vegetative mycelium without extension function? ( )
A、Rhizoid
B、Haustorium
C、Stolon
D、Bacteria net
14、Microalgae and protozoa are eukaryotes.
15、Some fungal cells contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
16、Chitin is the main component of the cell walls of Aspergillus and Yeast.
17、Some mushroom can produce toxins such as amatoxin or phallotoxins.
18、Both Mold and Actinomycetes are filamentous fungi.
19、Both basidiocarp and ascocarp are fruiting bodies that produce sexual spores.
20、Four basidiospora can be produced on each basidiomycete cell.
21、The asexual reproduction of Aspergillus and Penicillium both produce conidium and their conidial heads are broom-like branches.
22、The hyphae of Rhizopus and Mucor produce specialized forms of rhizoid and stolon.
23、The flagella of fungal zoospores are in the 9 + 2 mode, which is different from the structure of bacterial flagella, but both of them use "rotation" to promote cell movement.
Chapter IV Virus
Virus quize
1、What information can be encoded by most viruses? （ ）
A、Gene products that catalyze energy productio
B、Gene products that form ribosom
C、Gene products that catalyze lipid synthesi
D、Enzymes to replicate the viral genome
2、Which of the following viruses has a helical capsid? （ ）
A、T even phage
B、Adenovirus
C、Tobacco mosaic viru
D、Poxvirus
3、The genome of a virus must be: （ ）
A、DNA
B、RNA
C、DNA and RNA
D、Either DNA or RNA
4、Which of the following can be determined by the specific binding of virus protein to the cell receptor? （ ）
A、Host range of the virus
B、Replication efficiency of the virus
C、Viral genome type
D、Symmetry of viral capsid
5、In which of the following way is a non-enveloped virus released, in general? （ ）
A、Exocytosis
B、Intercellular diffusion
C、Budding
D、Cell lysis
6、Which of the following proteins are mainly encoded by viral late genes? ( )
A、viral regulation proteins
B、Viral structural proteins
C、Viral DNA polymerase
D、Viral RNA polymerase
7、The lytic cycle of a virulent phage consists of the following five successive phases: （ ）
A、Adsorption, penetration, synthesis, lysis and maturation
B、Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis and lysis
C、Adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly and lysis
D、Uncoating, adsorption, synthesis, assembly and lysis
8、PFU is: ( )
A、The number of phage particles per ml of sample
B、The number of infectious phage particles per ml of sample
C、The ratio of phage to host cell
D、The number of viruses released per infected cell
9、When does a phage begin to assemble in large quantities? ( )
A、In eclipse phase
B、In intracellular accumulation phase
C、In rise phase
D、In plateau phase
10、Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces diphtheria toxin after the integration of temperate phage genome with the toxin gene. This phenomenon is termed: （ ）
A、lysogeny
B、immunity of the lysogen
C、lysogenic conversion
D、recovery of the lysogen
11、What is a prophage? ( )
A、the nucleic acid of temperate phage integrated in the genome of its host bacterium
B、the phage before mutation
C、the phage before infection
D、a temperate phage before the integration
12、What is a viroid? （ ）
A、It is an infectious RNA molecule.
B、It is an infectious DNA molecule.
C、It is an infectious protein.
D、It can be used as an mRNA.
13、According to Baltimore Classification, DNA viruses can be divided into: ( )
A、Double-stranded DNA virus, positive-stranded DNA virus, negative-stranded DNA virus and DNA reverse transcribing virus
B、Double-stranded DNA virus, single-stranded DNA virus and DNA reverse transcribing virus
C、Double-stranded DNA virus, positive-stranded DNA virus and negative-stranded DNA virus
D、Double-stranded DNA virus, positive-stranded DNA virus, negative-stranded DNA virus and segmented DNA virus
14、Which of the following characteristics do viruses have? （ ）
A、Most of them can pass through bacterial filter
B、Most of them can be observed under oil immersion lens
C、They reproduce themselves by binary fission
D、They reproduce themselves by replication
15、Which of the following are examples of the cytopathic effects of viral infection? （ ）
A、Cell rounding
B、Syncytium formatio
C、Formation of inclusion bodies
D、Cell detachment
16、Temperate phages exist in three states, including: （ ）
A、the virion state
B、the integrated state
C、the replicating state
D、the defective state
17、All the enveloped viruses have an icosahedral symmetry.
18、The location and morphological characteristics of inclusion bodies can be used as an auxiliary means for clinical diagnosis of some viral diseases.
19、All viral replication processes need to produce mRNAs, and the viral mRNAs need to be recognized by the host ribosome and translated into viral proteins.
20、Virus replication only occurs in living cells, so the process of virus replication is regulated by host cells.
21、Plant viruses usually enter the host by wound infection or insect vectors.
22、When animal viruses infect animal cells, they usually leave their capsid outside the cells.
23、Phages can not produce progeny viruses by lysis from without.
24、When bacterial cells of the same species are infected with different phages, the burst size for every phage is similar.
25、Temperate phages have virion state, integrated state and replication state.
26、Lysogenic bacteria generally have immunity to resist the re-infection by the phages of the same species.
Chapter V Microbial nutrition
Microbial nutrition quize
1、In the medium containing the following substances, the first carbon substance used by E. coli is ( ).
A、sucrose
B、glucose
C、lactose
D、starch
2、For most microorganisms, which type of substance is the most suitable carbon source？（ ）
A、containing C.H.O.N elements
B、containing C.H.O elements
C、containing C.H elements
D、containing C.O. elements
3、Which of the following substances can be used as a growth factor ( ).
A、glucose
B、cellulose
C、NaCl
D、vitamins
4、The nutritional type of cyanobacteria and algae is ( ).
A、photolithoautotroph
B、photoorganoheterotroph
C、chemolithoautotroph
D、chemoorganoheterotroph
5、Chemolithoautotroph can be used____as electron donors. （ ）
A、CO2
B、H2
C、O2
D、H2O
6、The main difference between the medium of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganism is ( ).
A、carbon source
B、nitrogen source
C、mineral salt
D、growth factor
7、Which mode of transportation changes the structure of the material when the transported material enters the cell ? （ ）
A、intitiative transpor
B、simple diffusion
C、facilitated diffusion
D、gene translocation
8、What is the way in which nutrients such as glucose and fructose enter the cell membrane of prokaryotes? （ ）
A、simple diffusion
B、facilitated diffusion
C、intitiative transport
D、gene translocation
9、The pH value suitable for yeast growth is ( ).
A、7.0-8.0
B、7.5-8.5
C、3.8-6.0
D、4.0-5.8
10、The medium made up of natural organic matter with unclear or unstable chemical composition is called ( ).
A、complex medium
B、semi-synthetic medium
C、synthetic medium
D、enrichment medium
11、The medium used to isolate the autotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria lacks a nitrogen source. This medium is a kind of ( ).
A、differential medium
B、basic medium
C、selected medium
D、enriched medium
12、Which medium is suitable for the observation of bacterial motility ( ).
A、liquid medium
B、solid medium
C、semi-solid medium
D、dehydrated medium
13、The principle of configuring medium is ( ) .
A、Specify the applicable conditions
B、Appropriate distribution of nutrients
C、Physical and chemical conditions are suitable
D、Economical
14、Which of the following substances are growth factors required for the growth of microorganisms?( )
A、amino acids
B、protein
C、vitamins
D、alkali
15、Which of the following are the characteristics of active transportation?( )
A、Inverse concentration gradient
B、Need carrier protein assistance
C、Selective
D、No energy required
16、Specific chemolithoautotroph must use inorganic carbon as a carbon source to synthesize organic matter.
17、Most microorganisms are autotrophic, and the energy and carbon source for their growth are usually from the same organic matter.
18、The nutritional types of fungi are all chemolithoautotroph.
19、The amount of coagulant such as agar added to the solid medium is 0.2-1%.
20、The nutritional types of microorganisms are divided into four categories according to the carbon and nitrogen sources required for growth.
21、The driving force for the simple diffusion in the substance transport mode is the difference in the concentration of the substance inside and outside the membrane.
22、KNO3 as a nitrogen source to cultivate microorganisms is called physiologically acid salt.
23、Gelatin medium is used to identify intestinal bacteria.
24、When EMB medium is used to identify coliform bacteria in water, the medium will produce dark purple colonies with metallic luster.
25、Heterotrophic microorganisms cannot use carbon dioxide in their life activities.
Chapter VI Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism quize
1、The reducing power of iron bacteria, sulfur bacteria and nitrifying bacteria assimilating carbon dioxide comes from ( ).
A、Reverse electron transfer occurs when ATP is consumed
B、NAD (P) H provides an electron transfer chain for its high-energy electrons
C、Oxidative decomposition of organic matter
D、Water photolysis
2、When yeast uses glucose for typeⅠfermentation (ethanol fermentation), ( )acts as a hydrogen acceptor for NADH2.
A、pyruvate
B、acetaldehyde
C、dihydroxyacetone phosphate
D、Phosphoenolpyruvate
3、Most bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and Streptococcus can use 1 molecule of glucose for homolactic fermentation through the EMP pathway, and the product is ( ).
A、2 molecules of lactic acid and 2 molecules of ATP
B、1 molecule of lactic acid and 2 molecules of ATP
C、lactic acid, ethanol, CO2
D、lactic acid, acetic acid, CO2
4、For microbial autotrophic microorganisms, how the energy and reducing power used to synthesize complex organic matter are generated ( ).
A、Energy and reducing power are produced by oxidative phosphorylatio
B、Energy is generated by substrate phosphorylation, and the reducing power is provided by H2
C、Energy is generated by oxidation of inorganic substances, and reducing power is generated by consuming ATP to reverse the respiratory chain
D、Energy is generated by oxidation of organic matter, and reducing power is provided by H2
5、When yeast uses glucose for type II fermentation (glycerol fermentation), ( ) acts as a hydrogen acceptor for NADH2.
A、pyruvate
B、acetaldehyde
C、dihydroxyacetone phosphate
D、Phosphoenolpyruvate
6、What are the ways in which acetic acid bacteria, sulfate reducing bacteria and methanogens can fix CO2 by autotrophic bacteria? ( )
A、Calvin cycle
B、Anaerobic acetyl-CoA pathway
C、Reverse TCA approach
D、hydroxypropionic acid pathway
7、What are the ways for cyanobacteria and most photosynthetic bacteria to fix CO2 ( ) .
A、Calvin cycle
B、anaerobic acetyl-CoA pathway
C、reverse TCA approach
D、hydroxypropionic acid pathway
8、What substance is produced by the HMP pathway is the intermediary of light energy and chemical energy autotrophic microorganisms to fix CO2?
A、ribulose-5-phosphate
B、xylulose-5-phosphate
C、erythrose-4-phosphate
D、ribose-5-phosphate
9、Which of the following types of fermentation is carried out through the HMP route ( ).
A、heterogeneous ethanol fermentation by bacteria
B、homolactic acid fermentation
C、mixed acid fermentation
D、ethanol fermentation by yeast
10、Due to the nitrogenase in nitrogen-fixing bacteria is extremely sensitive to oxygen, what type of bacteria does the nitrogen-fixing bacteria belong to ( ).
A、obligate anaerobes
B、facultative anaerobes
C、oxygen-resistant anaerobic bacteria
D、all three of the above are wrong
11、When the reducing tricarboxylic acid pathway fixes CO2, what substance is different from the positive tricarboxylic acid circulation pathway ( ).
A、citrate synthase
B、citric acid lyase
C、succinyl-CoA synthetase
D、succinate dehydrogenase
12、What type of bacteria is nitrosating bacteria and how to obtain energy ( ).
A、chemolithoautotroph, get energy by oxidizing ammonia
B、chemolithoautotroph, obtain energy by oxidizing nitrous acid
C、chemoorganoheterotroph, using nitrate as electron acceptor
D、Chemoorganoheterotroph, using nitrite as electron acceptor
13、How do most microorganisms in nature producing energy ( ).
A、fermentation
B、breathing
C、photosynthetic phosphorylation
D、substrate level phosphorylation
14、Which of the following microorganisms can produce photosynthesis of oxygen ( ).
A、Streptomyces
B、Cyanobacteria
C、Purple sulfur Bacteria
D、Photosynthetic Bacteria
15、What are the common initial intermediate metabolites of the six fermentation routes starting from EMP ( ).
A、glucose
B、glycerol-3-phosphate
C、Phosphoenolpyruvate
D、pyruvate
16、What is the final electron acceptor when denitrifying bacteria produce anaerobic respiration ( ).
A、nitrate, nitrous acid, NO, N2O
B、O2
C、intermediate products
D、H2
17、In the process of synthesizing peptidoglycan, in order to allow its precursor molecules to smoothly pass through the hydrophobic cell membrane and transfer to the outside of the membrane for further synthesis, we must resort to ( ).
A、UDP nucleotide
B、bactoprenol
C、"Park" nucleotide
D、steroids
18、Which of the following types of fermentation is carried out through the EMP route ( ).
A、homolactic acid fermentation
B、same type ethanol fermentation
C、butyric acid type fermentation
D、ethanol fermentation of bacteria
19、Which of the following is the product of the ED pathway ( ).
A、1 molecule of ATP
B、1 molecule of NADPH + H
C、1 molecule of NADH + H
D、2 molecules of ethanol
20、The high-energy phosphate compound involved in biological nitrogen fixation is ATP.
21、Photosynthetic pigments are contained in all microorganisms that can perform photosynthesis.
22、The mechanism of antioxidant protection of rhizobia nitrogenase is due to the protection of leghemoglobin.
23、Peptidoglycan synthesis in the cytoplasm is limited to processes involving "Park" nucleotides.
24、The mechanism of antibacterial action of penicillin on Gram-positive bacteria is to destroy the cross-linking effect of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid.
25、There are many ways to regulate microbial metabolism, the most important of which is to regulate metabolic flow.
26、The energy of autotrophic microorganisms comes from oxidized inorganic compounds.
27、The ED pathway exists in some microorganisms that lack a complete EMP pathway, and is a unique pathway for microorganisms,characterized by low productivity.
28、Microorganisms capable of TCA cycle cannot fix CO2 through the reducing tricarboxylic acid cycle.
29、Nitrification is a key step in the global nitrogen cycle and must be completed in two steps by two different groups of microorganisms, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.
Chapter VII Microbial growth
Microbial growth quize
1、The principle of ultraviolet sterilization is ( ).
A、Destruction of bacterial cell wall
B、Affect the stability of bacterial lysosomal membrane
C、Damage DNA configuration, Interfere with the replication and transcription of bacterial DNA
D、To destroy enzyme system
2、Under the steam pressure of 1.05 ㎏ / cm2, how long is the standard time for sterilization ( ).
A、1-5 minutes
B、6-10 minutes
C、11-14 minutes
D、15-20 minutes
3、What is the most commonly used disinfection and sterilization method for air disinfection in burn wards ( ).
A、Boiling method
B、Pasteurization method
C、Pressurized steam sterilization method
D、Ultraviolet irradiation sterilization method
4、Which type of medium should be used when cultivating anaerobic bacteria of Clostridium tetani.（）
A、Synthetic medium
B、Nutrition medium
C、Differential medium
D、Cooked meat medium
5、In order to obtain accurate results, which bacteria in the growth period is most suitable for bacterial susceptibility testing（）.
A、quiescent phase
B、lag phase
C、logarithmic phase
D、stable phase
6、In order to obtain the highest amount of exotoxin or genetically engineered protein expression product, which growth period of bacteria is most suitable .（）
A、quiescent phase
B、lag phase
C、logarithmic phase
D、stable phase
7、Which of the following anabolic products of bacteria can be used for the typing of certain bacteria in epidemiological investigations ( ).
A、Pyrogen
B、Invasive enzymes
C、Toxin
D、Bacteriocin
8、Where are the targets of the bactericidal effect of streptomycin and erythromycin ( ).
A、Peptidoglycan on cell wall
B、Lipopolysaccharide on cell wall
C、The ribosome in the cytoplasm
D、The mediator on the cell membrane
9、Where are the targets of the bactericidal effect of penicillin and lysozyme ( ).
A、Peptidoglycan on cell wal
B、Lipopolysaccharide on cell wall(LPS)
C、The ribosome in the cytoplasm
D、The mediator on the cell membrane
10、How long does it take for 103 bacteria to reach 109 at 0.5 h generation time ( ).
A、40 h
B、20 h
C、10 h
D、3 h
11、Move the bacteria in log phase to the fresh medium of the same composition, to which growth phase the batch of culture will belong ( ).
A、Death phase
B、Stable phase
C、Delay phase
D、Logarithmic phase
12、The most accurate way to count living microorganisms is ( ).
A、Turbidimetry
B、Microscope direct counting
C、Stem cell weight determination
D、Flat plate colony count
13、Which of the following preservation methods will reduce the water activity of the food ( ).
A、Cured meat
B、Pasteur disinfection method
C、Refrigeration
D、Making kimchi
14、What determines the biomass of the culture during continuous cultivation?
A、Concentration of restricted substrate in medium
B、Volume of restricted substrate in culture tank
C、Temperature
D、Dilution rate
15、Microorganisms whose optimal growth temperature is lower than 20 ℃ are called ( ).
A、Cold-resistant bacteria
B、Mesophilic bacteria
C、Heat-resistant bacteria
D、Psychrophile
16、Superoxide dismutase can protect aerobic bacteria from ( ) poisoning.
A、Superoxide anion radical
B、Peroxide
C、Triplet oxygen
D、ydrogen peroxide
17、The chemical reagent that can cause microbial death is ().
A、Bacteriolytic agent
B、Bacteriosolvent
C、Fungicide
D、B and C
18、The process conditions for pasteurization are ( ).
A、62-63 ℃ 30min
B、71-72 ℃ 30min
C、60-70 ℃ 30min
D、121 ℃ 30min
19、What is the reason why bacterial cells enter the stable phase: ( ).
A、Cell is ready for rapid growth
B、Toxic substances produced by metabolism have accumulated
C、Energy is exhausted
D、Cells are senescent and senescent cells stop dividing
20、Which of the following does not belong to the propagation mode of bacterial individuals ( ) .
A、Sexual reproduction
B、Mycelium rupture
C、Cell budding
D、Asexual dichotomy
21、The three basis points of the microorganism growth temperature include ( ).
A、maximum temperature
B、minimum temperature
C、optimum temperature
D、narrowest temperature
22、D-cycloserine has an inhibitory effect on the bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis process, and its bacteriostatic mechanism is to combine with bacterial terpene alcohol and inhibit the regeneration of the carrier.
23、Generation time refers to the interval between the end of the logarithmic phase and the beginning of the stable phase of the culture.
24、Sulfa drugs can inhibit bacterial growth by inhibiting folic acid synthesis.
25、The ethanol concentration with the best disinfection effect is 90%.
26、The ice crystals formed in the cells during the quick freezing process are small, which reduces the damage to the cells, so the culture should be frozen quickly when storing the culture.
27、Lactic acid bacteria are mostly oxygen-resistant bacteria. The cells contain SOD and POD, but does not contain respiratory chain and CAT.
28、When using Aspergillus niger to produce citric acid, the range of pH = 2.5 ~ 6.5 should be controlled.
29、During the stable period, the bacterial growth rate constant R is the largest, and the bacterial cell yield reaches the highest point.
30、During the exponential phase, the cells grow in a balanced manner. The production of cells and the consumption of nutrients show a regular proportional relationship, which can be used to calculate the growth rate.
31、The chemostat is mainly used for scientific research work, in which the flow rate of the culture solution is constant, and the microorganisms grow at the highest growth rate.
Chapter VIII Microbial inheritance
Microbial inheritance quize
1、Prophage means ( ).
A、Phage that is adsorbed on the bacterial cell wall and has not yet injected nucleic acid into the bacteria
B、Phage genome that has not been integrated into the bacterial chromosome
C、Phage genome integrated on bacterial chromosome
D、Phages that have not completed the assembly process
2、The process in which the recipient bacteria takes up the free DNA fragments of the donor bacteria and obtains some genetic characteristics of the donor bacteria is called ( ).
A、Transformation
B、Transduction
C、Conjugation
D、Lysogenic conversion
3、Diphtheria bacillus, which does not produce diphtheria exotoxin, can produce diphtheria exotoxin after carrying β-Corynebacterium phage. This phenomenon is called ( ).
A、Mutation
B、Transduction
C、Conjugation
D、Lysogenic conversion
4、The conjugation process depends on which structure of the bacteria is mediated through direct contact ( ).
A、Flegellu
B、Capsule
C、Intermediary
D、Sexual fimbriae
5、To test whether a certain chemical or drug has the risk of carcinogenic and teratogenic, which of the following test methods should be selected ( ).
A、Ames test
B、Elek tablet toxicity test
C、VP test
D、Indole test
6、What is the cause of the bacterial mutation ( ).
A、Gene recombination
B、Gene exchange
C、Loss of plasmid
D、Sudden and stable structural changes in the nuclear and cytoplasmic genes
7、Transformation of lysogenicity ( ).
A、Participation by R plasmid
B、Mediated by sexual fimbriae
C、Participation by potent bacteriophage
D、Participation by mild bacteriophage
8、Hfr bacteria is ( ).
A、Lysogenic bacteria
B、Bacteria containing R plasmid
C、Bacteria integrated with F plasmid
D、Bacteria with integrated prophage
9、Which of the following is wrong about the characteristics of L-type bacteria ( ).
A、Polymorphism
B、Forming "fried egg" colonies in solid medium
C、Still retain parental characteristics
D、Removal of inhibitors can be atavistic
10、"Abortion transduction" refers to the foreign DNA carried by the bacteriophage ( ).
A、Failure to enter the recipient bacteria
B、Copy after entering the recipient bacteria
C、Failure to recombine with chromosome after entering the recipient bacteria
D、After entering human recipient bacteria and chromosomal recombination, they failed to express their characteristics
11、Which of the following does not belong to the method of gene transfer and recombination ( ).
A、Transformation
B、Transduction
C、Conjugation
D、L-type variation
12、Which of the following options are not characteristic of phage ( ).
A、Pass the bacteria filter
B、Strict host specificity
C、Contains only one type of nucleic acid
D、Resistance is weaker than bacteria
13、Agarose gel electrophoresis separates the chromosomal DNA from the plasmid according to the band pattern displayed by ( ) and electrophoresis.
A、Quantity
B、Relative molecular mass
C、Gel dosage
D、Linear structure
14、Mutations caused by substitution, insertion or deletion of individual bases are called ( ).
A、Chromosome mutation
B、Gene mutation
C、Spontaneous mutation
D、Artificial mutagenesis
15、The difference between F '× F- hybrid and F + × F- hybrid is that part of the donor ’s chromosomal genes are transferred into the recipient cell with F′- and can be expressed without integration. The recipient cell at this time is ().
A、F +
B、F '
C、F
D、F-
16、The phage forming the transduced particles can be mild or potent. The main requirement is to have the ability to occasionally recognize the host DNA （）and package it before the host genome is completely degraded.
A、Cracking mechanism
B、Packaging mechanism
C、Identification mechanism
D、Intrusion mechanism
17、Which of the following statements is correct ( ).
A、R plasmid is a drug resistance factor
B、Col plasmid encodes colicin
C、Vi plasmid encodes bacterial virulence
D、F Plasmid encoding fimbriae
18、Which of the following statements about gene mutations are correct ( ).
A、correspondence
B、spontaneous
C、independence
D、irreversible
19、Which of the following is correct about the characteristics of L-type bacteria ().
A、Polymorphic
B、Formed "fried egg" colonies in solid medium
C、Still retains parental characteristics
D、Removal of inhibitors can be atavistic
20、The fluctuation experiment is one of the classic experiments to prove that nucleic acid is the material basis of genetic variation.
21、When Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects plant cells, the bacterial DNA that enters the plant cell and integrates into the plant cell genome is the Ti plasmid and carries part of the bacterial chromosomal DNA.
22、The main reason for spontaneous mutation is the presence of base tautomers.
23、When Serratia marcescens is cultured at 25 ℃, it produces dark red psychiocin, which makes the entire colony appear red. The reason for this phenomenon is gene mutation.
24、After treating the mutant with hydroxylamine, if a reversion mutant is produced, it means that the original mutation was converted from A: T → G: C.
25、In the screening of phage resistant mutants, as long as the mutated gene changes from heterozygous state to homozygous state, the mutant can show the new trait of anti-phage phage.
26、In the screening of yeast auxotrophic strains, for the cells after mutagenesis treatment, nystatin can be added to the medium to eliminate wild-type strains.
27、In bacterial competent cells, DNA replication is still going on, but protein synthesis stops.
28、λdg bacteriophage can lyse cells to form plaque, but cannot lyse the host.
29、The recipient cell obtained the DNA fragment of the donor bacterium carried by the bacteriophage is called a transducer.
Chapter IX Microbial ecology
Microbial ecology quize
1、The relationship between normal human flora and humans belongs to ( ).
A、Mutualism
B、Antagonism
C、Symbiosis
D、Parasitism
2、Generally, the largest number of microorganisms per gram of arable soil is ( ).
A、Bacteria
B、Fungus
C、Actinomycetes
D、Algae
3、The ecological relationship between ruminants and rumen microorganisms belongs to ( ).
A、Mutualism
B、Symbiosis
C、Parasitism
D、Predation
4、On a solid plate, Staphylococcus aureus can not grow around the colony of penicillium, this relationship is ( ).
A、Antagonistic relationship
B、Parasitic relationship
C、Predation relationship
D、Competitive relationship
5、The microorganism with the highest biomass in the soil is ( ).
A、Virus
B、Bacteria
C、Actinomycetes
D、Fungi
6、When making kimchi, lactic acid bacteria produce a lot of acid, which inhibits the growth of other miscellaneous bacteria. This is a ( ) phenomenon.
A、Specific antagonism
B、Competition
C、Commensalism
D、Non-specific antagonism
7、Most pathogenic microorganisms parasitic on plants belong to ( ).
A、Actinomycetes
B、Bacteria
C、Fungi
D、Virus
8、Frankia is ( ).
A、Autogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria
B、Nitrogen-fixing bacteria symbiotic with legumes
C、Combined nitrogen-fixing bacteria
D、Nitrogen-fixing bacteria symbiotic with non-legumes
9、The optimal growth temperature for obligate thermophilic bacteria is between ( ).
A、50-60℃
B、70-75℃
C、40-50℃
D、65-70℃
10、The ectomycorrhizal is formed by dense hyphae on the surface of the host root called ( ).
A、Hartignet
B、Ring traps
C、Hyphal network
D、Sheath
11、The characteristic of forming a symbiotic relationship between two microorganisms is ( ).
A、Other microorganisms can arbitrarily replace one of them
B、Form a special symbiosis
C、Irrelevant in physiological metabolism
D、One kind of microorganism can gradually kill another kind of microorganism
12、Rhizobium can symbiotic nitrogen fixation with which plant?( )
A、Rice
B、Corn
C、Wheat
D、Soy
13、( ) is the home base of microbiological life.
A、Air
B、Water
C、Soil
D、Around the hospital
14、The ecological relationship between ruminants and rumen microorganisms belongs to ( ).
A、Predator
B、Parasitism
C、Mutual
D、Symbiosis
15、In bacterial leaching, the microorganism that plays the role of producing and regenerating the mineral leaching agent is ( ).
A、Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
B、Digestive bacilli
C、Thiobacillus thiooxidans
D、Beggiatoa
16、In the soil environment, most bacteria are found in ( ).
A、25 cm above
B、A few millimeters on the outermost surface
C、about 50 cm from the surface of the soil
D、The deepest part of the soil
17、The soil provides a good living microenvironment for microorganisms, the reason is ( ).
A、Provide nutrients and water
B、Provide oxygen
C、Protect bacteria
D、Provide appropriate temperature and pH
18、The following ( ) process is beneficial to agricultural production.
A、Nitrogen fixation
B、Denitrification
C、Ammonification
D、Methanogenesis
19、Which of the following is a symbiotic relationship. ( )
A、Rumen microorganisms and ruminants
B、Plant pathogens and plants
C、Frankia and non-legumes
D、Mycorrhizal fungi and plants
20、There is a competitive relationship between microorganisms. For example, penicillin produced by Penicillium can inhibit Gram-positive bacteria.
21、The essence of combined nitrogen fixation is symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
22、Frankia in actinomycetes can symbiosis with non-legume plants.
23、The hyphae of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi can form clumps in cortical cells.
24、The relationship between the normal flora of the human intestinal tract and the host is mainly a parasitic relationship.
25、Salt-tolerant microorganisms require high salt conditions to survive.
26、Soil is a good environment for microbes to live, but most of them are uncultivable.
27、For all acidophilic microorganisms, the pH of the intracellular environment and the optimal pH of various enzymes are all around the neutral pH.
28、Some halobacterium in halophilic bacteria can live normally in a saturated NaCl solution with salt content more than 10 times higher than seawater.
29、The mineralization of more than 90% of the organic matter on earth is done by "decomposers"-bacteria and fungi.
Chapter X Classification and identification of microorganisms
Classification and identification of microorganisms quize
1、The English corresponding to the seven-level taxonomic units of microorganisms are ( ).
A、Kingdom、Phylum、Class、Order、Family、Genus、Species
B、Kingdom、Phylum、Order、Class、Family、Genus、Species
C、Kingdom、Order、Phylum、Class、Family、Genus、Species
D、Kingdom、Phylum、Class、Family、Order、Genus、Species
2、Who put forward the Three domain theory in 1977？( )
A、Whittaker
B、Woese
C、Pasteur
D、Koch
3、The basic taxonomic unit in the classification of microorganisms is ( ).
A、Family
B、Genus
C、Order
D、Species
4、The species name of bacteria is named by Binomial nomenclature method, the first letter of the first word should be capitalized, the word is ( ).
A、Species name
B、Generic name
C、Name
D、Family name
5、The Latin name of “金黄色葡萄球菌” is（ ）.
A、Staphylococcus aureus
B、Staphylococcus albus
C、Staphylococcaceae agnetis
D、Staphylococcaceae aureus
6、When referring to a certain genus of bacteria and not a certain species of bacteria, or there is no species name, but only a genus name, usually add ( ) after the genus name.
A、sp
B、sv
C、su
D、so
7、Based on your knowledge, it is considered that the classification and identification of morphological characteristics in the following types of microorganisms is more important?( )
A、Yest
B、Bacteria
C、Virus
D、Mold
8、DNA hybridization rate ( ) is used as the standard basis for the definition of bacterial species.
A、100%
B、97%
C、70%
D、50%
9、Which of the following data is the most reliable basis for distinguishing microbial species?( )
A、Genomic data
B、Morphology
C、Colony morphology and color
D、Phenotype
10、Binomial nomenclature refers to the composition of the scientific name of a species that includes ( ).
A、Generic name and specific epithet
B、Generic and species names
C、Species and family names
D、Species epithet and species name
11、The important work currently used for prokaryote classification and identification is also the most authoritative work is ( ).
A、Bertger's Bacterial Identification Manual
B、Origin of Species
C、Darwin's Evolution
D、History of Life Science
12、The "three domain theory" is based on the determination of ( ) of a large number of microorganisms.
A、Genomic DNA
B、16S rRNA
C、Cytokine C
D、Hemoglobin
13、A purely hereditary group that is propagated by an isolated single cell or a single virus particle is called ( ).
A、Strain
B、Type
C、Subspecies
D、Species
14、The representative strain that can represent the typical characteristics of a strain is called ( ).
A、Model species
B、Typical species
C、Representative species
D、Reference species
15、Which three domains are included in the Three domains theory.( )
A、Prokaryotic domain
B、Bacterial domain
C、Archaea domain
D、Eukaryotic domain
16、The establishment of "Evolution" by Darwin not only proposed the historical mission of studying biological evolution, but also brought taxonomy the guiding ideology of classification by kinship.
17、Taxonomically, the molar percentage of A + T is used to represent the characteristics of the DNA base composition of various organisms.
18、In the modern classification of microorganisms, any information that can stably reflect the characteristics of the types of microorganisms has taxonomic significance and can be used as the basis for classification identification
19、The establishment of prokaryotes requires a model strain.
20、The authoritative book currently used for classification and identification of prokaryotes is "Ainsworth Fungal Dictionary".
21、Species with close genetic relationships have similar genomic nucleic acid sequences, so the G and C contents of the two DNAs are also relatively close.
22、The so-called "model strain" usually refers to the most representative strain within a genus of bacteria.
23、In the study of bacterial classification using cell wall chemical components such as peptidoglycan, bacteria can be classified by comparing the composition of glycan chains in peptidoglycan.
24、In the scientific name of "Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn 1872", the scientific name expressing Bacillus subtilis was first named by Ehrenberg in 1872.
25、Among different strains of the same microorganism, some non-classified identification characteristics such as the type and quantity of metabolites are always relatively close.
Final Exam
Final Exam
1、The most fundamental characteristic of the characteristics of microorganisms is ( ).
A、Widely distributed and diverse types
B、Small size and large area
C、Strong adaptability, easy to mutate
D、High absorption and fast transformation
2、Which of the following options is not Pasteur’s research result ( ).
A、Invented the method of immunization
B、Discovered that fermentation is caused by yeast
C、Invented staining observation and photomicrography technology
D、Denies the "spontaneous generation theory" theory
3、The earthen odor in the soil is produced by the metabolites of ( ) .
A、Bacteria
B、Actinomycetes
C、Yeast
D、Mold
4、The characteristic component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria is ( ) .
A、Peptidoglycan
B、Lipopolysaccharide
C、Teichoic-acids
D、Protein
5、The main mode of reproduction of bacteria is ( ).
A、Mitosis
B、Meiosis
C、Dichotomy
D、Budding
6、The life history of saccharomyces cerevisiae is characterized by ( ).
A、Vegetative cells can only be haploid
B、Vegetative cells can only be diploid
C、Vegetative cells can be either haploid or diploid
D、Vegetative cells can be tetraploid
7、Which of the following specialized form of vegetative mycelium has the extended function ? ( )
A、False root
B、Haustorium
C、Stolon
D、Macterial net
8、What is the function of the vacuole in yeast cells？( )
A、It has the function of storage of nutrients and hydrolase and regulation of osmotic pressure
B、Facilitate cell germination
C、May act as a repository of nutrients and hydrolase
D、Adjust the osmotic pressure
9、The symmetrical system of tobacco mosaic virus belongs to ( ).
A、Icosahedral symmetry
B、Helical symmetry
C、Compound symmetry
D、Asymmetry
10、Which of the following viruses are not subviruses?( )
A、Viroids
B、Virusoids
C、Prion
D、Adenovirus
11、Which of the following options is not a feature of active transportation?( )
A、Need the assistance of substrate specific carrier protein on cell membrane
B、Nutrients are transported from high concentration to low concentration
C、The molecular structure of the transported substance does not change
D、Need ATP
12、The formula of Ashby nitrogen-free medium:mannitol 1%, KH2PO4 0.02%, MgSO4·7H2O 0.02%, NaCl 0.02%, CaSO4·2H2O 0.01%, CaCO3 0.5%,Among them,mannitol is ( ) in this medium formula.
A、Carbon source
B、Nitrogen source
C、Growth factor
D、Inorganic salt
13、Which of the following microorganisms do not belong to the type of Chemoautotrophic?( )
A、Hydrogen bacteria
B、Nitrate-reducing bacteria
C、Iron bacteria
D、Nitrifying bacteria
14、Which of the following reactions are not required for biological nitrogen fixation?( )
A、ATP
B、Reducing power
C、Nitrogenase
D、Oxygen
15、Three basis points of microbial growth temperature is not included ( ).
A、Maximum temperature
B、Minimum temperature
C、Optimum temperature
D、The narrowest temperature
16、The principle of ultraviolet sterilization is ( ).
A、Destroys the cell wall of bacteria
B、Affects the stability of lysosomal membrane of bacteria
C、Damages DNA configurations,interferes with bacterial DNA replication and transcription
D、Destroys the enzyme system
17、Which of the following statement about gene mutation is not correct?( )
A、Non-corresponding
B、Spontaneous
C、Independenc
D、Irreversible
18、Which of the following statement related to the characteristics of L-type bacteria is wrong ( ).
A、Polymorphic
B、Formation of "Fried Egg" colonies in solid medium
C、Still retains the parental characteristics
D、Removal of inhibitors can be atavistic
19、The relationship between normal flora of human intestinal tract and human is ( ).
A、Symbiosis
B、Metabiosis
C、Parasitism
D、Competition
20、When referring to a certain genus of bacteria but not a particular one specie of them, or there is no species name but only the name of the genus, we usually add ( ) behind the genus name.
A、sp
B、sv
C、su
D、so
21、Which of the following staining solution are used in the bacterial Gram staining method？ ( )
A、Crystal violet
B、Iodine solution
C、Ethanol
D、Safranin
22、Which of the following options belong to the special structure of bacterial cells ( ) .
A、Spores
B、Flegellu
C、Capsule
D、Parasporal crystals
23、Which of the followingis the function of the bacterial capsule?( )
A、Anti-drying
B、Anti-chemical agent
C、Storage of energy
D、Storage of carbon source
24、The characteristics of fungi include ( ).
A、Generally have developed mycelium
B、Unable to perform photosynthesis
C、Reproduction mainly by binary division
D、Reproduction mainly by producing a large number of sporesr
25、The principle for configuring the medium is( ).
A、Specify the applicable conditions
B、Appropriate distribution of nutrients
C、Physical and chemical conditions are suitable
D、Economical
26、From the element of the chemical composition of microbial cells, which of the following options is a trace element?( )
A、Cu
B、S
C、Zn
D、Mn
27、Which of the following fermentation types is carried out through the EMP pathway?( )
A、Homolactic fermentation
B、Homoalcholic fermentation
C、Butyric acid fermentation
D、D.Heteroalcoholic fermentation
28、Bacterial cells enter the stable phase due to ( ).
A、Cells are ready for rapid growth
B、Toxic substances produced by metabolism have accumulated
C、Energy is exhausted
D、Cells are senescent and senescent cells stop dividing
29、Which of the following statement is not correct?( )
A、R plasmid is drug resistance factor
B、Col plasmid encodes colicin
C、Vi plasmid encodes bacterial virulence
D、F Plasmid encoding fimbriae
30、Soil provides a good living microenvironment for microorganisms, the reason is ( ).
A、Provide nutrients and water
B、Provide O2
C、Protect bacteria
D、Provide suitable temperature and pH
31、Microorganisms are the general and common name of invisible microscopic organisms, and have no taxonomic significance.
32、Bacterial spores are not only a resting body, but also have reproductive function.
33、Cyanobacteria contain phycocyanin, which is a carbon source storage particle.
34、Mycoplasma has no cell wall,that is the reason why they are sensitive to antibiotics such as penicillin and cycloserine.
35、All viral replication processes require the production of mRNA and then use the ribosome of the host cell to translate viral proteins.
36、The nutrient types of microorganisms are divided into four categories by the different of carbon and nitrogen sources needed for growth.
37、The driving force of simple diffusion in the mode of material transport is the concentration difference between inside and outside the membrane.
38、When the hydrogen receptor is an endogenous intermediate metabolite, this process of delivering hydrogen is called anaerobic respiration.
39、The mechanism of the antibacterial action of penicillin on Gram-positive bacteria is to destroy the cross-linking of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid.
40、Generation refers to the interval which between the end of the logarithmic phase and the beginning of the stable phase of the culture.
41、The ice crystals formed in cells during rapid freezing are small, it can reduce the damage to cells, so the culture should be rapidly frozen when preserving.
42、The main reason for spontaneous mutation is the presence of base tautomers.
43、In the screening of yeast auxotrophic strains, for cells after mutagenesis treatment, nystatin can be added to the culture medium to eliminate wild-type strains.
44、More than 90% of the mineralization of organic matter on earth is done by "decomposers"-bacteria and fungi.
45、Darwin founded the "Evolution Theory" not only proposed the historical mission of studying biological evolution, but also brought taxonomy to guide the classification of kinship.
46、Bacteria often appear in the form of rhabdoid, globular and spiral.
47、The hyphae of Rhizopus and Mucor produce specialized forms of rhizoid and stolon.
48、When EMB medium is used to identify coliform bacteria in water, the medium will produce dark purple colonies with metallic luster.
49、The energy of autotrophic microorganisms comes from oxidized inorganic compounds.
50、In the screening of yeast auxotrophic strains, for the cells after mutagenesis treatment, nystatin can be added to the medium to eliminate wild-type strains.
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