超星Human Physiology答案(学习通2023课后作业答案)
22 min read超星Human Physiology答案(学习通2023课后作业答案)
Chapter 1 Regulation of Body Function随堂测验
1、超星What are specialized to produce force and movement?答答案
A、muscle cells
B、案学connective tissues
C、习通nerve cells
D、课后epithelial cells
2、作业How much of normal body weight is 超星made up of water?
A、10%
B、答答案30%
C、案学60%
D、习通80%
3、课后The作业 fluid environment surrounding each cell is called the
A、intracellular fluid
B、超星internal environment
C、答答案external environment
D、案学extracellular fluid
Chapter 2 Internal Environment and Homeostasis随堂测验
1、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?
A、organ systems
B、responsiveness
C、growth
D、reproduction
2、The term homeostasis is used by physiologists to mean maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment.
3、The intracellular fluid differs significantly from the extracellular fluid.
4、The intracellular fluid is also called the internal environment of the body.
quiz
1、The fluid environment surrounding each cell is called the
A、A. intracellular fluid
B、B. infracellular fluid
C、C. internal environment
D、D. external environment
2、Which of the following solutions, when infused intravenously, would result in an increase in extracellular fluid volume, a decrease in intracellular fluid volume, and an increase in total body water after osmotic equilibrium?
A、A. 1 Liter of 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl. solution
B、B. 1 Liter of 0.45% NaCl solution
C、C. 1 Liter of 3% NaCl solution
D、D. 1 Liter of isotonic dextrose solution
3、The physiological significance of positive feedback is
A、A. to keep a functional activity relatively constant
B、B. to keep the functional activity going on until its end
C、C. to maintain the blood pressure at a higher level
D、D. to maintain the body temperature constant
4、The rate of diffusion of a particle across a membrane will increase if
A、A. The area of the membrane decreases
B、B. The thickness of the membrane increases
C、C. The size of the particle increases
D、D. The lipid solubility of the particle increases
5、How much of normal body weight is made up of water?
A、A. 10%
B、B. 35%
C、C. 60%
D、D. 90%
Unit I
1、What are the ways of regulation of body function?What are their characteristics?How do they relate to each other?
Unit III Blood
Blood -- quiz
1、When the blood is centrifuged, we can see in the bottom of the tube is
A、plasma
B、platelet
C、WBCs
D、RBCs
2、Which is the most important Buffer system of the plasma
A、Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4
B、NaHCO3/H2CO3
C、Pro-Na/Pro
D、KHCO3/H2CO3
3、If one person lack the iron，we also can see the
A、hemolytic anemia
B、hypoferric anemia
C、megaloblastic anemia
D、renal anemia
4、In the ABO blood system, you normally can be type:
A、A or B
B、AB or O
C、All of the above
D、None of the above
5、Prothrombin is converted to thrombin by
A、Calcium ions only
B、A complex of phospholipids, factor Ⅶ, and calcium ions
C、A complex of activated factors Ⅹ and Ⅴ, phospholipids, and calcium
D、A complex of activated factors Ⅸ and Ⅷ and calcium ions
6、Crystalloid Osmotic Pressure generated by all crystal substances, particularly electrolytes.
7、The relative viscosity of plasma is depending on hematocrit.
8、If one person lack the Vitamin B12，we also can see the megaloblastic anemia.
9、FIV is Ca2+, and others are proteins.
10、when the RBCs are exposed to the solution of higher osmotic pressure, we can see the RBCs break.
Blood -- homework
1、What factors affect blood volume?
2、How does the biconcave shape of a red blood cell make possible its function?
3、Why is a type AB person called a universal recipient?
4、Why is a type O person called a universal donor?
5、Distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic clotting mechanisms.
Unit IX Sensory Organs Physiology
Chapter 1 Accommodation of the eye随堂测验
1、When the ciliary muscle contracts, it may lead to:
A、Suspensory ligaments pulled tight
B、The curvature of the cornea reduced
C、The curvature of the lens increased
D、The curvature of the lens reduced
2、Which of the following statements about refraction defects are true?
A、A myopic individual has better far vision than near vision
B、In hyperopia, the light rays from nearby objects focus in front of the retina.
C、People with presbyopia usually have difficulty in seeing distant objects.
D、In astigmatism, there are many points of focus on the retina, and thus vision is blurred or distorted
3、The condition known as presbyopia is due to:
A、Change in the shape of the eyeball as a result of age
B、An age-related loss of cells in the retina
C、Change in the elasticity of the lens as a result of age
D、Change in the curvature of the cornea
4、Which of the refraction abnormalities below could be corrected by the concave lens?
A、Myopia
B、Hyperopia
C、Presbyopia
D、Astigmatism
Chapter 2 How we hear？随堂测验
1、Which of the following is the main pathway of the normal auditory conduction?
A、Bone conduction
B、Bone conduction by auditory ossicles
C、Air conduction by round window
D、Air conduction by tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles and oval window
2、When the basilar membrane near oval window of the cochlea is impaired, which type of sound couldn’t be heard?
A、High-pitched sound
B、Low-pitched sound
C、Media-pitched sound
D、Media and low-pitched sound
3、The function of the cochlea is to （ ）
A、Collect the sound waves
B、Discriminate the sound waves
C、Increase the energy of the sound
D、Convert the sound waves into nerve impulse
4、The auditory receptor is ( )
A、The organ of Corti
B、Free nerve ending
C、Muscular spindle
D、Tectorial membrane
5、When sound waves are channeled through the middle ear, the force of movement increases about ( ).
A、1.3 times
B、3.2 times
C、22 times
D、17 times
Unit IV The Heart and Blood Circulation
Chapter 4 Ohm's Law in Physiology随堂测验
1、The greatest percentage of blood volume is found in the
A、Heart
B、Arteries and arterioles
C、Capillaries
D、Venules and veins
2、A normal systolic / diastolic blood pressure of 22 / 14 is most likely measured in the_____:
A、Left Ventricle
B、Right Ventricle
C、Aorta
D、Pulmonary Artery
3、The constriction of a blood vessel to one-half of its resting diameter would increase its resistance to blood flow by a factor of
A、2
B、4
C、8
D、16
4、At which of the following sites does the blood flow lose the greatest amount of energy?
A、Mitral valve
B、Large arteries
C、Arterioles
D、Capillaries
5、The highest blood pressure in the vessels is found in the______
A、Aorta
B、Arterioles
C、Capillaries
D、Venules and veins
Chapter 5 Regulation of Cardiovascular Activities随堂测验
1、Which hormones could tend to decrease the blood pressure?
A、NE
B、VP(ADH)
C、angiotensin Ⅱ and ADH
D、ANP
2、A reduction in carotid sinus pressure would cause a decrease in____ .
A、Heart rate
B、Myocardial contractility
C、Venous compliance
D、Total peripheral resistance
3、A rise in carotid sinus pressure would cause a increase in____ .
A、Vagal activity
B、Myocardial contractility
C、Total peripheral resistance
D、Heart rate
4、A 25-year-old woman involved in an automobile accident is admitted as an emergency patient. A major artery severed in her leg caused an estimated 600 ml blood to be lost. Her blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg. Which of the following would be expected to increase in response to hemorrhage?
A、Sympathetic nerve activity
B、Water excretion
C、Vagal nerve activity
D、Sodium excretion
Unit V Respiration Physiology
Respiration Physiology
1、1. A woman has a respiratory rate of 18, a tidal volume of 350 mL, and a dead space of 100 mL. What is her alveolar ventilation?
A、4.0 L
B、4.5 L
C、5.0 L
D、5.5 L
E、6.0 L
2、Which one of the following is higher at the apex of the lung than at the base when a person is standing?
A、V/Q ratio
B、Blood flow
C、Ventilation
D、PaCO2
E、Lung compliance
3、Which of the following conditions causes a decrease in arterial O2 saturation without a decrease in O2 tension?
A、Anemia
B、Carbon monoxide poisoning
C、A low V/Q ratio
D、Hypoventilation
E、Right-to-left shunt
4、4. Peripheral and central chemoreceptors may contribute to the increased ventilation that occurs as a result of
A、A decrease in arterial oxygen content
B、A decrease in arterial blood pressure
C、An increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension
D、A decrease in arterial oxygen tension
E、An decrease in arterial pH
5、The basic respiratory rhythm is generated in the
A、Apneustic center
B、Nucleus parabrachialis
C、Dorsal medulla
D、Pneumotaxic center
E、Cerebrum
6、The bulk of CO2 is transported in arterial blood as
A、Dissolved CO2
B、Carbonic acid
C、Carbaminohemoglobin
D、Bicarbonate
E、Carboxyhemoglobin
7、An increase in the P50 of an oxyhemoglobin curve would result from a decrease in
A、Metabolism
B、pH
C、Temperature
D、Oxygen
E、2,3-DPG
8、Pulmonary alveoli are kept dry by factors that include the
A、Phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages
B、Negative interstitial fluid pressure
C、Low vapor pressure of water in inspired air
D、Secretion of surfactant
E、Tight junctions between the alveolar capillary endothelial cells
9、Concerning the control of respiration:
A、The respiratory muscles have an intrinsic rhythmical activity
B、The basic neural machinery for the generation of the respiratory rhythm is located in the lower medulla.
C、Respiration will stop if all afferent nerves to the lungs are cut.
D、The intercostal muscles are the principal muscles of respiration.
10、Concerning the chemical regulation of respiration:
A、The depth and rate of ventilation is decreased when a subject breathes air containing pure oxygen at normal atmospheric pressure.
B、The central chemoreceptors sense the oxygen tension of the arterial blood.
C、In man, the peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch.
D、The peripheral chemoreceptors are the only receptors able to respond to changes in the partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood.
11、Complete transection of the brainstem above the pons
A、Result in cessation of all breathing movements
B、Prevent any voluntary holding of breath
C、Prevent the central chemoreceptors from exerting any control over ventilation
D、Prevent the peripheral chemoreceptors from exerting any control over ventila- tion
E、Abolish the Hering-Breuer reflex
12、A deficiency of pulmonary surfactant would
A、Decrease surface tension in the alveoli
B、Decrease the change in intrapleural pressure required to achieve a given tidal volume
C、Decrease lung compliance
D、Decrease the work of breathing
E、Increase functional residual capacity (FRC)
13、9. The percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen will increase if
A、The arterial PCO2 is increased
B、The hemoglobin concentration is increased
C、The temperature is increased
D、The arterial PO2 is increased
E、The arterial pH is decreased
14、The activity of the central chemoreceptors is stimulated directly by
A、An increase in the PCO2 of blood flowing through the brain
B、A decrease in the PO2 of blood flowing through the brain
C、A decrease in the oxygen content of blood flowing through the brain
D、A decrease in the metabolic rate of the surrounding brain tissue
E、An increase in the pH of the CSF
15、During a normal inspiration, more air goes to the alveoli at the base of the lung than to the alveoli at the apex of the lung because
A、The alveoli at the base of the lung have more surfactant
B、The alveoli at the base of the lung are more compliant
C、The alveoli at the base of the lung have higher V/Q ratios
D、There is a more negative intrapleural pressure at the base of the lung
E、There is more blood flow to the base of the lung
Unit VII Energy Metabolism and Body Temperature
Chapter 2随堂测验
1、Which one of the following hypothalamic nuclei is responsible for the detection of the core body temperature?
A、The lateral hypothalamus
B、The arcuate nucleus
C、The posterior nucleus
D、The anterior hypothalamus
2、When surrounding temperature is greater than the skin temperature the only means by which the body can loses heat is_
A、Radiation
B、Conduction
C、Convection
D、Evaporation
3、Heat is produced in the body_
A、only when body core temperature falls below the temperature set point.
B、at a constant rate.
C、at a variable rate.
D、during hypothermia, mainly by nonshivering thermogenesis.
Unit X Nervous System Physiology
Nervous System
1、During a voluntary movement, the Golgi tendon organ provides the central nervous system with information about
A、A. The length of the muscle being moved
B、B. The velocity of the movement
C、C. The blood flow to the muscle being moved
D、D. The tension developed by the muscle being moved
2、Free nerve endings contain receptors that encode the sensation of
A、A. Fine touch
B、B. Vibration
C、C. Pressure
D、D. Pain
3、The most important role of the gamma motoneurons is to
A、A. Stimulate skeletal muscle fibers to contract
B、B. Maintain Ia afferent activity during contraction of muscle
C、C. Generate activity in Ib afferent fibers
D、D. Detect the length of resting skeletal muscle
4、State the location of a motor neuron where propagated action potential is generated firstly?
A、A. Axon hillock
B、B. Dendrits
C、C. Nervous Fibers
D、D. Cell Body
5、What is the glial cells that form the myelin sheath in Peripheral Nervous System.
A、A: Schwann cells
B、B. Oligodendrocytes
C、C. Astrocytes
D、D. Neurons
6、Which one of the following is basic structure of presynaptic inhibition?
A、A. axo-axonal synapse
B、B: axo-somatic synapse
C、C: axo-dendritic synapse
D、D. None above
7、IPSP can be generated by influx of which ion?
A、A. Cl-
B、B. Na+
C、C. K+
D、D. Ca2+
8、Which group of sensory fiber carries fast pain
A、A: Aα fiber
B、B. Aδ fiber
C、C. Aβfiber
D、D. Aγfiber
9、Which following is NOT the characteristics of synaptic conduction?
A、A. One-way Conduction: from presynaptic to postsynaptic neuron
B、B. Synaptic delay, there is an interval of at least 0.5 mS.
C、C. Summation: The EPSP can perform the spatial and temporal summation.
D、D. Either directional conduction
10、which following is NOT the functions of Neuroglial Cells:
A、A. Fill spaces
B、B. Signals transmission
C、C. Provide structural frameworks
D、D. Produce myelin
11、Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?
A、A: Postcentral gyrus
B、B. Anterior central gyrus
C、C. Temporal lobe
D、D. Occipital lobe
12、What is the adequate stimulation for muscle spindle？
A、A. Relaxation of intrafusal muscle
B、B. Contraction of extrafusal muscle
C、C. Relaxation of exrafusal muscle
D、D. Passive stretch of skeletal muscle
13、How do neurons communicate with one another?
A、A. Electrically synapse
B、B. Chemically synapse
C、C. Through weak, radio-wave-like impulses
D、D. A and B
14、What is a common neurotransmitter released by most postganglionic sympathetic nerve fiber?
A、A. Acetylcholine
B、B. GABA
C、C. Serotonin
D、D. NE
15、Which type of receptor is located in motor ending-plate？
A、A. M1
B、B. M2
C、C. N1
D、D. N2
16、Decerebrate Rigidity is Gamma-loop dependent
17、The primary motor cortex has predominant influence on the opposite side ALL of the body
18、The extrapyramidal system direct synapse of upper motor neurons of cerebral cortex with lower motor neurons in brainstem or spinal cord
19、When a person steps on a tack with their left foot, flexor muscles on the right leg and extensor muscles on the left leg will be stimulated to contract
20、Exception to olfactory signals, all sensory information enter the thalamus before transmission to the cerebral cortex
Nervous System
1、Which fibers are cholinergic fibers in ANS?
2、What are the differences between the specific projection and non-specific projection?
3、What are the functional characteristics of sensomsory area I ?
学习通Human Physiology的相关文章
学习通Human Physiology是一门对人体器官、系统和功能的研究。它探讨人体的结构和生理功能，以及不同的生理过程是如何协调和相互作用的。
人体的主要器官和系统
人体包括许多不同的器官和系统，每个器官和系统都有其特殊的结构和功能。
- 心血管系统：包括心脏、血管、血液和循环系统。
- 呼吸系统：包括鼻子、喉咙、气管、肺和呼吸肌。
- 消化系统：包括口腔、食道、胃、肠和消化腺。
- 泌尿系统：包括肾脏、输尿管、膀胱和尿道。
- 免疫系统：包括白细胞、淋巴器官和免疫调节分子。
- 内分泌系统：包括各种内分泌腺、激素和神经内分泌调节器官。
- 神经系统：包括大脑、脊髓、周围神经和神经元。
- 肌肉骨骼系统：包括骨骼肌、平滑肌、心肌和骨骼。
生理过程
生理学是研究生物体的生命现象和生理过程的学科。人体的生理过程涉及到许多不同的方面，包括：
- 代谢：细胞和组织的化学过程，包括能量转换和物质交换。
- 循环：血液在体内的循环和输送过程。
- 呼吸：吸入氧气、呼出二氧化碳和维持酸碱平衡。
- 消化：食物在体内的消化和吸收过程。
- 排泄：废物在体内的过程，包括尿液和粪便的排泄。
- 运动：肌肉和骨骼的运动过程。
- 感觉：感觉器官的接受和传递感觉信号的过程。
- 认知：大脑的思维和认知过程。
学习Human Physiology的重要性
学习Human Physiology对于理解人体的工作方式和疾病的发生机制至关重要。它可以帮助我们了解身体不同部位之间的互动和协调，以及如何在不同环境下适应和应对生理变化。
此外，了解人体的生理过程也可以帮助我们更好地保持健康并预防疾病。例如，了解人体的免疫系统可以帮助我们更好地预防疾病，了解人体的代谢过程可以帮助我们更好地控制体重和糖尿病等慢性疾病。
结语
总之，学习Human Physiology对于我们了解人体的结构和功能以及如何保持健康至关重要。希望大家能够在学习过程中不断探索和发现，从而更好地了解自己的身体和保持健康。
