moocHuman Embryology章节答案(慕课2023课后作业答案)
32 min readmoocHuman Embryology章节答案(慕课2023课后作业答案)
Test of week 2
1、Which of the following is 案慕案a major characteristic of meiosis I?
A、Reducing the amount of DNA to IN
B、课课Achieving the diploid number of chromosomes
C、后作Pairing of homologous chromosomes
D、业答Producing primordial germ cells
2、节答A normal somatic cell contains a total of 46 chromosomes.What is 案慕案the normal complement of chromosomes found in a sperm?
A、22 autosomes plus a sex chromosome
B、课课23 paired autosomes
C、后作23 autosomes plus a sex chromosome
D、业答22 autosomes
3、节答Which of the following describes the number of chromosomes and amount of DNA in a gamete?案慕案
A、23 chromosomes,课课2N
B、23 chromosomes,后作4N
C、46 chromosomes,业答1N
D、23 chromosomes,1N
4、Which of the following chromosome compositions in a sperm normally results in the production of a genetic female if fertilization occurs?
A、23 autosomes plus an X chromosome
B、22 autosomes plus a Y chromosome
C、22 autosomes plus an X chromosome
D、23 homologous pairs of chromosomes
5、In the process of meiosis,DNA replication of each chromosome occurs,form ing a structure consisting of two sister chromatids attached to a single centromere.What is this structure?
A、A crossover chromosome
B、A duplicated chromosome
C、Two chromosomes
D、A homologous pair
6、All primary oocytes are formed by
A、month 5 of fetal life
B、month 5 of infancy
C、week 4 of embryonic life
D、puberty
7、When does formation of primary spermatocytes begin?
A、During week 4 of embryonic life
B、At birth
C、During month 5 of infancy
D、At puberty
8、In the production of female gametes,which of the following cells can remain dormant for 12 to 40 years?
A、Primordial germ cell
B、Second polar body
C、Primary oocyte
D、First polar body
9、In the production of male gametes, which of the following cells remains dormant for 12 years?
A、Primordial germ cell
B、Secondary spermatocyte
C、Spermatid
D、Primary spermatocyte
10、Approximately how many sperm will be ejaculated by a normal fertile male during sexual intercourse?
A、10 million
B、350 million
C、35 million
D、100 million
11、A young woman enters puberty with approximately 40,000 primary oocytes in her ovary.About how many of these primary oocytes will be ovulated over the entire reproductive life of the woman?
A、35,000
B、48
C、40,000
D、480
12、How much DNA does a primary spermatocyte contain?
A、4N
B、IN
C、6N
D、2N
13、During ovulation,the secondary oocyte resides at what specific stage of meiosis?
A、Meiosis is completed at the time of ovulation
B、Metaphase of meiosis I
C、Metaphase of meiosis II
D、Prophase of meiosis I
14、Concerning maturation of the female gamete(oogenesis),when do the oogonia enter meiosis I and undergo DNA replication to form primary oocytes?
A、Following fertilization
B、With each ovarian cycle
C、At puberty
D、During fetal life
15、Where do primordial germ cells initially develop?
A、In the yolk sac at week 4 of embryonic development
B、In the gonads at week 4 of embryonic development
C、In the gonads at puberty
D、In the gonads at month 5 of embryonic development
Week 3 First week and second week of development: Cleavage to implantation
Test for week 3
1、A 20-year-old woman presents at the emergency department with severe abdominal pain on the right side with signs of internal bleeding. She indicated that she has been sexually active without contraception and missed her last menstrual period. Based on this information, which of the following disorders must be included as an option in the diagnosis?
A、Ovarian cancer
B、Normal pregnancy
C、Ectopic tubal pregnancy
D、Appendicitis
2、When does a secondary oocyte complete its second meiotic division to become a mature ovum?
A、Before ovulation
B、At fertilization
C、Before birth
D、At ovulation
3、How soon after fertilization occurs within the uterine tube does the blastocyst begin implantation?
A、By day 7
B、By day 2
C、By day 1
D、Within minutes
4、Where does the blastocyst normally implant?
A、Basal layer of the endometrium
B、Functional layer of the cervix
C、Functional layer of the endometrium
D、Myometrium
5、Which of the following events is involved in the cleavage of the zygote during week 1 of development?
A、An increased cytoplasmic content of blastomeres
B、A decrease in size of blastomeres
C、A series of mciotic divisions forming blastomeres
D、An increase in size of blastomeres
6、Which of the following structures must degenerate for blastocyst implantation to occur?
A、Zona pellucida
B、Endometrium in progestational phase
C、Functional layer of the endometrium
D、Syncytiotrophoblast
7、Which of the following is the origin of the mitochondrial DNA of all human adult cells?
A、A combination of paternal and maternal
B、Either paternal or maternal
C、Maternal only
D、Paternal only
8、Individual blastomeres were isolated from a blastula at the 4-cell stage. Each blastomere was cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage and individually implanted into four pseudopregnant foster mothers. Which of the following would you expect to observe 9 months later?
A、Birth of four genetically identical babies
B、Birth of four genetically different babies
C、Birth of four grotesquely deformed babies
D、Birth of one baby
9、In oogenesis, which of the following events occurs immediately following the completions of a meiosis II?
A、Degeneration of the zona pellucida
B、Formation of a female pronucleus
C、Sperm penetration of the corona radiata
D、Appearance of the blasrocyst
10、Which of the following components plays the most active role in invading the endometrium during blastocyst implantation?
A、Hypoblast
B、Epiblaslt
C、Extraembryonic visceral mesoderm
D、Syncytiotrophoblast
11、During week 2 of development, the embryoblast receives its nutrients via
A、reverse osmosis
B、diffusion
C、osmosis
D、fetal capillaries
12、Which of the following are components of the definitive chorion?
A、Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, and syncytiotrophoblast
B、Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm and epiblast
C、Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm and cytotrophoblast
D、Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm and syncytiotrophoblast
13、At what location does the amniotic cavity develop?
A、Between the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
B、Within the extraembryonic mesoderm
C、Within the epiblast
D、Within the hypoblast
14、At the end of week 2 of development (day 14), what is the composition of the embryonic disc?
A、Epiblast and hypoblast
B、Ectoderm and endoderm
C、Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
D、Epiblast, mesoderm, and hypoblast
Week 4 Third to eight week of development: Gastrulation and differentiation of trilaminar disc
Test for week 4
1、Which germ layers are present at the end of week 3 of development (day 21)?
A、Epiblast and hypoblast
B、Epiblast and endoderm
C、Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
D、Ectoderm and endoderm
2、Which process establishes the three definitive germ layers?
A、Gastrulation
B、Neurulation
C、Lateral folding
D、Craniocaudal folding
3、The first indication of gastrulation in the embryo is
A、formation of the notochord
B、formation of the epiblast
C、formation of the primitive streak
D、formation of the neural tube
4、Somites may differentiate into which of the following?
A、Gonad
B、Epithelial lining of the urinary tract
C、Epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract
D、Epimeric and hypomeric muscles
5、Intermediate mesoderm will give rise to the
A、kidneys and gonads
B、digestive system
C、neural tube
D、notochord
6、The lateral mesoderm is divided into two distinct layers by the formation of the
A、extraembryonic coelom
B、intraembryonic coelom
C、pericardial cavity
D、vaginal cavity
7、Very often the first indication a woman hast hat she is pregnant is a missed menstrual period. In which week of embryonic development will a woman experience her first missed menstrual period?
A、Start of week 3
B、Start of week 4
C、Start of week 5
D、Start of week 6
8、A female newborn was found to have a large midline tumor in the lower sacral area, which was diagnosed as a sacrococcygeal tumor. Which of the following courses of treatment is recommended for this child?
A、Immediate chemotherapy and radiation treatment
B、Surgical removal at age 13-15 years
C、Surgical removal by age 6 months
D、No treatment because this tumor normally regresses with age
9、The epiblast is capable of forming which of the following germ layers?
A、Ectoderm only
B、Ectoderm and mesoderm only
C、Ectoderm,mesoderm,endoderm
D、Ectoderm and endoderm only
10、Which structure is derived from the same embryonic primordium as the stomach?
A、kidneys
B、trachea
C、gonad
D、Adrenal medulla
11、Which structure is derived from the same embryonic primordium as the dorsal root ganglia?
A、urinary bladder
B、gonads
C、Adrenal medulla
D、intestinal loop
12、Which structure is derived from the same embryonic primordium as the mammary gland?
A、Adrenal medulla
B、Liver
C、kidneys
D、sweat gland
Week 5 Fetal membrane and placenta
Test for week 5
1、During the later stages of pregnancy, maternal blood is separated from fetal blood by the
A、cytotrophoblast and endothelium of capillaries in the villi
B、syncytiotrophoblast and endothelium of capillaries in the villi
C、syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
D、syncytiotrophoblast only
2、The maternal and fetal components of the placenta are
A、decidua basalis and chorion frondosum
B、decidua capsularis and chorion laeve
C、decidua capsularis and secondary chorionic villi
D、decidua basalis and secondary chorionic villi
3、The intervillous space of the placenta contains
A、maternal blood and amniotic fluid
B、maternal and fetal blood
C、maternal blood
D、fetal blood
4、A young insulin-dependent diabetic woman in her first pregnancy is concerned that her daily injection of insulin will cause a congenital malformation in her baby. What should the physician tell her?
A、Insulin does not cross the placental membrane
B、Insulin will benefit her baby by increasing glucose metabolism
C、Insulin crosses the placental membrane but is not teratogenic
D、Insulin crosses the placental membrane but is degraded rapidly
5、What is a normal amount of amniotic fluid at term?
A、2000 mL
B、1500mL
C、500 mL
D、1000 mL
6、Which of the following does not pass through the primitive umbilical ring?
A、Allantois
B、Connecting stalk
C、Space connecting the intraembryonic and extraembryonic coeloms
D、Amnion
7、Which of the following best describes the placental components of dizygotic twins?
A、One placenta, two amniotic sacs, two chorions
B、Two placentas, two amniotic sacs, two chorions
C、Two placentas, two amniotic sacs, one chorion
D、One placenta, two amniotic sacs, one chorion
8、A 26-year-old pregnant woman experiences repeated episodes of bright red vaginal bleeding at week 28, week 32,and week 34 of pregnancy. The bleeding spontaneously subsided each time. Use of ultrasound shows that the placenta is located in the lower right portion of the uterus over the internal os. What is the diagnosis?
A、Placenta previa
B、Hydatidiform mole
C、Premature rupture of the amniochorionic membrane
D、Placental abruption
9、A 32-year-old pregnant woman at 30 weeks of gestation comes to her physician because of excess weight gain in a 2-week period. Ultraso-nography reveals polyhydramnios. Which fetal abnormality is most likely responsible for the polyhydramnios?
A、Hypoplastic lungs
B、Umbilical cord knots
C、Esophageal atresia
D、Bilateral kidney agenesis
10、What structure covers the umbilical cord?
A、Placental membrane
B、Chorion frondosum
C、Amnion
D、Chorion leave
11、13. During the development, there are three structures fuse with each other, and then they fuse with decidua parietalis. From fetal side to maternal side, they are
A、Decidua capsularis, amnion and chorion laeve
B、Amnion, decidua capsularis and chorion laeve
C、Chorion leave, decidua capsularis and amnion
D、Amnion, chorion laeve and decidua capsularis
12、14. Which structure makes the chorion attach firmly to the decidua basalis?
A、cytotrophoblast shell
B、syncytiotrophoblast
C、capillaries in the villi
D、extraembryonic mesoderm
13、15. What’s the difference between secondary villi and tertiary villi?
A、cytotrophoblast becomes thicker
B、capillaries appear
C、sycytiotrophoblast becomes thinner
D、more branches
Week 6 Development of the head and neck
Test for week 6
1、The primary palate forms via the fusion of the
A、medial nasal prominences
B、lateral nasal prominences
C、mandibular prominences
D、maxillary prominences
2、The most common site of a cervical fistula is the
A、midline close to the hyoid bone
B、base of the tongue
C、anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
D、dorsal aspect of neck
3、The lateral palatine process derives from
A、frontonasal prominence
B、maxillary prominence
C、medial nasal prominence
D、mandibular prominence
4、Which structure is associated with the formation of the neck?
A、frontonasal prominence
B、mandibular prominence
C、branchial arch
D、maxillary prominence
5、The branchial membrane is
A、the structure between branchial cleft and branchial arch
B、the structure between branchial apparatus and branchial arch
C、the structure between branchial apparatus and pharyngeal pouch
D、the structure between branchial cleft and pharyngeal pouch
6、The structure between stomodeum and primitive pharynx is
A、pharyngeal pouch
B、branchial membrane
C、oropharyngeal membrane
D、nasal cavity
7、Digeorge syndrome is not characterized by
A、a deletion on the long arm of chromosome 21
B、small mouth
C、smooth philtrum
D、partial or complete absence of thymus
8、cleft lip is caused by
A、the failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with the corresponding lateral nasal prominence
B、the failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with the corresponding medial nasal prominence
C、the failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with each other
D、the failure of medial nasal prominence to fuse with lateral nasal prominence
9、Median cleft lip is caused by
A、the failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with each other
B、the failure of medial nasal prominence to fuse with lateral nasal prominence
C、the failure of medial nasal prominence to fuse with each other
D、the failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with the corresponding lateral nasal prominence
10、Oblique facial cleft is caused by
A、the failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with the corresponding medial nasal prominence
B、the failure of medial nasal prominence to fuse with lateral nasal prominence
C、the failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with the corresponding lateral nasal prominence
D、the failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with each other
11、Complete cleft palate is caused by
A、the failure of lateral palatine process to fuse with median palatine process and the failure of lateral palatine process to fuse with each other
B、the failure of lateral palatine process to fuse with maxillary prominence
C、the failure of median palatine process to fuse with maxillary prominence
D、the failure of lateral palatine process to fuse with median palatine process
12、Which one is not the derivatives of the pharyngeal pouch?
A、parathyroid gland
B、thymus
C、palatine tonsil
D、adrenal gland
Week 7 Development of the digestive and respiratory system
Test for week 7
1、Pancreatic islets consist of alpha,beta,anddelta cells,which secrete lucagon,insulin, and somatostatin,respectively.These cells are derived from
A、endoderm
B、neural crest cells
C、neuroectoderm
D、ectoderm
2、The simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium lining the extrahepatic biliary ducts is derived from
A、neural crest cells
B、mesoderm
C、ectoderm
D、ectoderm
3、Which one of the following structures is derived from the midgut?
A、Stomach
B、Pancreas
C、Sigmoid colon
D、Appendix
4、A 3-month-old baby girl presents with a swollen umbilicus that has failed to heal normally.The umbilicus drains secretions,and there is passage of fecal material through the umbilicus at times. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A、Umbilical fistula
B、Omphalocele
C、Gastroschisis
D、Intestinal stenosis
5、The midgut loop normally herniates through the primitive umbilical ring into the extraembryonic coelom during week 6 of development. Failure of the intestinal loops to return to the abdominal cavity by week 10 results in the formation of
A、anal agenesis
B、ileal diverticulum
C、intestinal stenosis
D、congenital umbilical hernia
6、Kupffer cells present in the adult liver are derived from
A、mesoderm
B、neural crest cells
C、endoderm
D、ectoderm
7、The stratified squamous epithelia lining the lower part of the anal canal is derived from
A、neural crest cells
B、ectoderm
C、endoderm
D、mesoderm
8、A baby born to a young woman whose pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios was placed in the intensive care unit because of repeated vomiting containing bile. The stomach was markedly distended, and only small amounts of meconium had passed through the anus. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A、Esophageal stenosis
B、Annular pancreas
C、Extrahepatic biliary atresia
D、Duodenal atresia
9、A young mother brings her recently born infant into your office and complains that the infant gags and chokes after swallowing milk. A physical examination indicates excessive saliva and mucus around the mouth and nose, abdominal distention, pneumonitis, and radiographs indicate air in the infant's stomach.What is the most likely cause?
A、Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
B、Respiratory distress syndrome
C、Tracheoesophageal fistula
D、Pulmonary hypoplasia
10、The trachea is lined with pseudostratified iliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells. This epithelium is derived from
A、ectoderm
B、visceral mesoderm
C、neuroectoderm
D、endoderm
11、Smooth muscle, connective tissue, and cartilage of primary bronchi are derived from which of the following sources?
A、Visceral mesoderm
B、Endoderm
C、Ectoderm
D、Mesoderm of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6
12、Components of the blood-air barrier in the lung re derived from which of the following sources?
A、Visceral mesoderm and endoderm
B、Visceral mesoderm and ectoderm
C、Visceral mesoderm only
D、Ectoderm only
13、The respiratory diverticulum initially is in pen communication with the primitive foregut. Which of the following embryonic structures is responsible for separating these two structures?
A、Laryngotracheal groove
B、Laryngotracheal diverticulum
C、Tracheoesophageal septum
D、Posterior esophageal folds
14、Development of which of the following is the first sign of respiratory system development?
A、Tracheoesophageal septum
B、Respiratory diverticulum
C、Primitive foregut
D、Tracheoesophageal fistula
Week 8 Development of urogenital system
Test for week 8
1、When does the metanephros become functional?
A、At week 3 of development
B、At week 4 of development
C、At week 10 of development
D、Just before birth
2、A urachal cyst is a remnant of the
A、cloaca
B、urogenital sinus
C、mesonephric duct
D、allantois
3、During surgery for a benign cyst on the kidney, the surgeon notes that the patient's right kidney has two ureters and two renal pelvis. This malformation is
A、a premature division of the ureteric bud
B、an abnormal division of the pronephros
C、an abnormal division of the mesonephros
D、formation of an extra mass of intermediate mesoderm
4、The transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder is derived from
A、ectoderm
B、endoderm
C、mesoderm
D、endoderm and mesoderm
5、The transitional epithelium lining the ureters derived from
A、ectoderm
B、endoderm
C、mesoderm
D、endoderm and mesoderm
6、The podocytes of Bowman capsule are derived from
A、ectoderm
B、endoderm
C、mesoderm
D、neural crest cells
7、The proximal convoluted tubules of the definitive adult kidney are derived from the
A、ureteric bud
B、metanephric vesicle
C、mesonephric duct
D、mesonephric tubules
8、The trigone on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder is formed by the
A、incorporation of the lower end of the mesonephric ducts
B、incorporation of the lower end of the pronephric ducts
C、incorporation of the mesonephric tubules
D、incorporation of the pronephric tubules
9、Immediately after birth of a boy, a moist, red protrusion of tissue is noted just superior to his pubic symphysis. After observation, urine drainage is noted from the upper lateral corners of this tissue mass. What is the diagnosis?
A、Horseshoe kidney
B、Polycystic disease of the kidney
C、Urachal cyst
D、Exstrophy of the bladder
10、The indifferent embryo begins phenotypic sexual differentiation during
A、week 12 of development
B、week 5 of development
C、week 7 of development
D、week 20 of development
11、A structure found within the adult female pelvis from the gubernaculum is the
A、broad ligament
B、medial umbilical ligament
C、round ligament of the uterus
D、median umbilical ligament
12、The uterine tubes of the adult female are derived embryologically from which of the following?
A、Mesonephric duct
B、Mesonephric tubules
C、Paramesonephric duct
D、Paramesonephric tubules
13、The most common cause of testicular feminization syndrome is
A、lack of androgen receptors
B、a 45, XO genotype
C、inadequate production of and MIF
D、congenital adrenal hyperplasia
14、The Y chromosome carries a gene on its short arm that codes for
A、
B、progesterone
C、testes-determining factor (TDF)
D、MIF
Week 9 Development of cardiovascular system
Test for week 9
1、The most common interventricular septal defect (VSU) seen clinically is
A、persistent truncus arteriosus
B、membranous VSD
C、common ventricle
D、premature closure of foramen ovale
2、Which of the following clinical signs would be most obvious on examination of a patient with either tetralogy of Fallot or transposition of the great vessels?
A、Lack of femoral artery pulse
B、Pulmonary hypertension
C、Diffuse red rash
D、Cyanosis
3、Which of the following congenital cardiovascular malformations is most commonly associated with maternal rubella infection?
A、Persistent truncus arteriosus
B、Patent ductus arteriosus
C、Isolated dextrocardia
D、Double aortic arch
4、The most common atrial septal defect (ASD ) seen clinically is
A、common atrium
B、foramen secundum defect
C、persistent truncus arteriosus
D、premature closure of the foramen ovale
5、Which of the three primary germ layers forms the histologically definitive endocardium of the adult heart?
A、Ectoderm
B、Endoderm
C、Mesoderm
D、Epiblast
6、The hepatic sinusoids that can be observed histologically in an adult liver are derived from the (A) (B) (D) (E) subcardinal veins
A、supracardinal veins
B、anterior cardinal veins
C、posterior cardinal veins
D、vitelline veins
7、A physician monitoring a newborn infant's heart sounds using a stethoscope hears the characteristic murmur of a patent ductus arteriosus. How soon after birth should this murmur normally disappear?
A、1-2 hours
B、1-2 months
C、1-2 weeks
D、1-2 days
8、How soon after birth does the foramen ovale close?
A、1-2 months
B、Immediately
C、1-2 weeks
D、1-2 days
9、The conus arteriosus is derived from which of the following?
A、Truncus arteriosus
B、Primitive ventricle
C、Primitive atrium
D、Bulbus cordis
10、The proximal part of the aorta is derived from which of the following?
A、Truncus arteriosus
B、Bulbus cordis
C、Primitive ventricle
D、Primitive atrium
11、A muscular VSD is a carcliac malformation that involves which of the following septa
A、Aorticopulmomary septum
B、Atrial septum
C、Atrioventricular septum
D、Interventricular septum
12、Tetralogy of Fallot is a cardiac malformation that involves which of the following septa?
A、Aorticopulmonary septum
B、Atrial septum
C、Atrioventricular septum
D、Interventricular septum
13、Transposition of the great arteries is a cardiac malformation that involves which of the following septa?
A、Aorticopulmonary septum
B、Atrial septum
C、Atrioventricular septum
D、Interventricular septum
14、A partial development of the aorticopulmonary septum will result in which of the following?
A、Transposition of the great arteries
B、Persistent truncus arteriosus (pTA)
C、Common ventricle
D、Tricuspid atresia
15、A faulty fusion of the right and left bulbar ridges and AV cushion will result in which of the following?
A、Common ventricle
B、Transposition of the great arteries
C、Persistent truncus arteriosus
D、Membranous VSD
16、Closure of the foramen primum results from fusion of which of the following structures?
A、Septum secundum and the fused atrioventricular cushions
B、Septum secundum and the septum primum
C、Septum primum and the fused atrioventricular cushions
D、Septum primum and the septum spurium
Fina exam of Human Embryology
Final exam of Human Embryology
1、Which of the following describes the number of chromosomes and amount of DNA in a gamete?
A、23 chromosomes,2N
B、23 chromosomes,4N
C、23 chromosomes,1N
D、46 chromosomes,2N
2、Which of the following chromosome compositions in a sperm normally results in the production of a genetic female if fertilization occurs?
A、22 autosomes plus a Y chromosome
B、23 autosomes plus an X chromosome
C、23 homologous pairs of chromosomes
D、22 autosomes plus an X chromosome
3、All primary oocytes are formed by
A、month 5 of infancy
B、month 5 of fetal life
C、puberty
D、birth
4、When does formation of primary spermatocytes begin?
A、During month 5 of infancy
B、At birth
C、During week 4 of embryonic life
D、At puberty
5、In the production of female gametes, which of the following cells can remain dormant for 12 to 40 years?
A、Primary oocyte
B、Primordial germ cell
C、Secondary oocyte
D、First polar body
6、A young woman enters puberty with approximately 40,000 primary oocytes in her ovary.About how many of these primary oocytes will be ovulated over the entire reproductive life of the woman?
A、40,000
B、48
C、480
D、35,000
7、How much DNA does a primary spermatocyte contain?
A、IN
B、2N
C、4N
D、8N
8、During ovulation,the secondary oocyte resides at what specific stage of meiosis?
A、Metaphase of meiosis I
B、Prophase of meiosis I
C、Prophase of meiosis II
D、Metaphase of meiosis II
9、Where do primordial germ cells initially develop?
A、In the gonads at week 4 of embryonic development
B、In the yolk sac at week 4 of embryonic development
C、In the gonads at month 5 of embryonic development
D、In the gonads at puberty
10、A 20-year-old woman presents at the emergency department with severe abdominal pain on the right side with signs of internal bleeding. She indicated that she has been sexually active without contraception and missed her last menstrual period. Based on this information, which of the following disorders must be included as an option in the diagnosis?
A、Normal pregnancy
B、Ovarian cancer
C、Appendicitis
D、Ectopic tubal pregnancy
11、When does a secondary oocyte complete its second meiotic division to become a mature ovum?
A、At ovulation
B、At puberty
C、At fertilization
D、Before birth
12、Where does the blastocyst normally implant?
A、Functional layer of the cervix
B、Functional layer of the endometrium
C、Myometrium
D、Basal layer of the endometrium
13、In oogenesis, which of the following events occurs immediately following the completions of a meiosis II?
A、Sperm penetration of the corona radiata
B、Degeneration of the zona pellucida
C、Formation of a female pronucleus
D、Completion of cleavage
14、Which of the following components plays the most active role in invading the endometrium during blastocyst implantation?
A、Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm
B、Syncytiotrophoblast
C、Hypoblast
D、Epiblaslt
15、During week 2 of development, the embryoblast receives its nutrients via
A、diffusion
B、osmosis
C、reverse osmosis
D、yolk sac nourishment
16、Which of the following are components of the definitive chorion?
A、Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm and epiblast
B、Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm and cytotrophoblast
C、Extraembryonic visceral mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, and syncytiotrophoblast
D、Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, and syncytiotrophoblast
17、At what location does the amniotic cavity develop?
A、Between the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
B、Between the endoderm and mesoderm
C、Within the hypoblast
D、Within the epiblast
18、At the end of week 2 of development (day 14),what is the composition of the embryonic disc?
A、epiblast only
B、Epiblast and hypoblast
C、Ectoderm and endoderm
D、Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
19、Individual blastomeres were isolated from a blastula at the 4-cell stage. Each blastomere was cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage and individually implanted into four pseudopregnant foster mothers. Which of the following would you expect to observe 9 months later?
A、Birth of one baby
B、Birth of four genetically different babies
C、Birth of four genetically identical babies
D、Birth of four grotesquely deformed babies
20、Which process establishes the three definitive germ layers?
A、Neurulation
B、Gastrulation
C、Craniocaudal folding
D、Lateral folding
21、The first indication of gastrulation in the embryo is
A、formation of the primitive streak
B、formation of the notochord
C、formation of the neural tube
D、formation of extraembryonic mesoderm
22、Intermediate mesoderm will give rise to the
A、neural tube
B、heart
C、kidneys and gonads
D、notochord
23、The lateral mesoderm is divided into two distinct layers by the formation of the
A、extraembryonic coelom
B、intraembryonic coelom
C、cardiogenic region
D、notochord
24、Very often the first indication a woman has that she is pregnant is a missed menstrual period.In which week of embryonic development will a woman experience her first missed menstrual period?
A、Start of week 3
B、Start of week 4
C、Start of week 5
D、Start of week 8
25、The epiblast is capable of forming which of the following germ layers?
A、Ectoderm only
B、Ectoderm and mesoderm only
C、Ectoderm and endoderm only
D、Ectoderm,mesoderm,endoderm
26、A male newborn has a hemangioma on the left frontotemporal region of his face and scalp. The cells forming the hemangioma are derived from which of the following cell layers?
A、Ectoderm only
B、Mesoderm only
C、Endoderm only
D、Ectoderm and mesoderm
27、Which structure is derived from the same embryonic primordium as the dorsal root ganglia?
A、Gonads
B、Pineal gland
C、Liver
D、Adrenal medulla
28、During the later stages of pregnancy,maternal blood is separated from fetal blood by the
A、syncytiotrophoblast only
B、cytotrophoblast only
C、syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
D、syncytiotrophoblast and fetal endothelium
29、The intervillous space of the placenta contains
A、maternal blood
B、fetal blood
C、maternal and fetal blood
D、maternal blood and amniotic fluid
30、What is a normal amount of amniotic fluid at term?
A、500 mL
B、1500mL
C、1000 mL
D、2000 mL
31、Which of the following does not pass through the primitive umbilical ring?
A、Allantois
B、Amnion
C、Yolk sac
D、Connecting stalk
32、A 26-year-old pregnant woman experiences repeated episodes of bright red vaginal bleeding at week 28, week 32,and week 34 of pregnancy. The bleeding spontaneously subsided each time. Use of ultrasound shows that the placenta is located in the lower right portion of the uterus over the internal os. What is the diagnosis?
A、Hydatidiform mole
B、Placental abruption
C、Placenta previa
D、Premature rupture of the amniochorionic membrane
33、Which of the following best describes the placental components of dizygotic twins?
A、Two placentas, two amniotic sacs, one chorion
B、One placenta, two amniotic sacs, two chorions
C、One placenta, two amniotic sacs, two chorions
D、Two placentas, two amniotic sacs, two chorions
34、A 32-year-old pregnant woman at 30 weeks of gestation comes to her physician because of excess weight gain in a 2-week period. Ultraso-nography reveals polyhydramnios. Which fetal abnormality is most likely responsible for the polyhydramnios?
A、Bilateral kidney agenesis
B、Esophageal atresia
C、Umbilical cord knots
D、Hypoplastic lungs
35、The primary palate forms via the fusion of the
A、mandibular prominences
B、maxillary prominences
C、lateral nasal prominences
D、medial nasal prominences
36、The most common site of a cervical fistula is the
A、dorsal aspect of neck
B、anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
C、superior mediastinum
D、midline close to the hyoid bone
37、Which structure is associated with the formation of the neck
A、branchial arch
B、maxillary prominence
C、mandibular prominence
D、frontonasal prominence
38、The structure between stomodeum and primitive pharynx is
A、pharyngeal pouch
B、oropharyngeal membrane
C、branchial membrane
D、primitive pharynx
39、Digeorge syndrome is not characterized by
A、smooth philtrum
B、prominent nasal bridge
C、a deletion on the long arm of chromosome 21
D、partial or complete absence of thymus
40、Oblique facial cleft is caused by
A、the failure of medial nasal prominence to fuse with lateral nasal prominence
B、the failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with the corresponding lateral nasal prominence
C、the failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with each other
D、the failure of medial nasal prominence to fuse with each other
41、Pancreatic islets consist of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin, respectively. These cells are derived from
A、mesoderm
B、endoderm
C、ectoderm
D、neuroectoderm
42、A 28-day-old baby is brought to the physician because of projectile vomiting after feeding. Until this time, the baby has had no problems in feeding. On examination, a small knot is palpated at the right costal margin. Which of the following disorders might be suspected? (A) Esophageal stenosis (B) Annular pancreas (C) (D) Extrahepatic biliary atresia (E) Duodenal atresia
A、Esophageal stenosis
B、Annular pancreas
C、Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
D、Duodenal atresia
43、A 4-day-old baby boy has not defecated since coming home from the hospital even though feeding has been normal without any excessive vomiting. Rectal examination reveals a normal anus, anal canal, and rectum. However, a large fecal mass is found in the colon, and a large release of flatus and feces follows the rectal examination. Which of the following conditions would be suspected?
A、Rectal atresia
B、Anorectal agenesis
C、Imperforate anus
D、Congenital megacolon
44、Which one of the following structures is derived from the midgut?
A、Appendix
B、Stomach
C、Liver
D、Pancreas
45、A 3-month-old baby girl presents with a swollen umbilicus that has failed to heal normally. The umbilicus drains secretions, and there is passage of fecal material through the umbilicus at times. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A、Intestinal stenosis
B、Anal agenesis
C、Omphalocele
D、Umbilical fistula
46、The midgut loop normally herniates through the primitive umbilical ring into the extraembryonic coelom during week 6 of development. Failure of the intestinal loops to return to the abdominal cavity by week 10 results in the formation of
A、congenital umbilical hernia
B、anal agenesis
C、ileal diverticulum
D、intestinal stenosis
47、Kupffer cells present in the adult liver are derived from
A、endoderm
B、mesoderm
C、ectoderm
D、neuroectoderm
48、Within hours after birth, a baby whose mother is diabetic had a rising respiratory rate and labored breathing.The baby became cyanotic and died. Postmortem histological examination revealed collapsed alveoli lined with eosinophilic material.What is the diagnosis?
A、Pulmonary carcinoma
B、Respiratory distress syndrome
C、Tracheoesophageal fistula
D、Congenital emphysema
49、Smooth muscle,connective tissue,and cartilage of primary bronchi are derived from which of the following sources?
A、Neuroectoderm
B、Endoderm
C、Ectoderm
D、Visceral mesoderm
50、Components of the blood-air barrier in the lung re derived from which of the following sources?
A、Endoderm and ectoderm
B、Visceral mesoderm and endoderm
C、Visceral mesoderm and ectoderm
D、Visceral mesoderm only
51、Development of which of the following is the first sign of respiratory system development?
A、Tracheoesophageal fistula
B、Tracheoesophageal septum
C、Primitive foregut
D、Respiratory diverticulum
52、During surgery for a benign cyst on the kidney, the surgeon notes that the patient's right kidney has two ureters and two renal pelvis. This malformation is
A、a premature division of the metanephric blastema
B、formation of an extra mass of intermediate mesoderm
C、a premature division of the ureteric bud
D、an abnormal division of the mesonephros
53、The transitional epithelium lining the ureters derived from
A、mesoderm
B、ectoderm
C、endoderm
D、neural crest cells
54、The podocytes of Bowman capsule are derived from
A、ectoderm
B、endoderm
C、mesoderm
D、endoderm and mesoderm
55、The trigone on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder is formed by the
A、incorporation of the lower end of the mesonephric ducts
B、incorporation of the lower end of the pronephric ducts
C、incorporation of the metanephric blastema
D、incorporation of the mesonephric tubules
56、The indifferent embryo begins phenotypic sexual differentiation during
A、week 3 of development
B、week 5 of development
C、week 7 of development
D、week 20 of development
57、The uterine tubes of the adult female are derived embryologically from which of the following?
A、Mesonephric duct
B、Mesonephric tubules
C、Paramesonephric duct
D、Paramesonephric tubules
58、The most common cause of testicular feminization syndrome is
A、a 47, XXY genotype
B、inadequate production of and MIF
C、a 45, XO genotype
D、lack of androgen receptors
59、The Y chromosome carries a gene on its short arm that codes for
A、
B、MIF
C、testes-determining factor (TDF)
D、estrogen
60、Bilateral cryptorchidism usually results in
A、male pseudo-intersexuality
B、sterility
C、female pseudo-intersexuality
D、testicular feminization syndrome
61、A 17-year-old girl presents with a complaint of amenorrhea. Physical examination reveals good breast development and normal amount of pubic hair. A rudimentary vagina and a mobile mass within both the right and left labia majora are found on pelvic examination. Ultra-sound reveals the absence of a uterus. What is the diagnosis?
A、Testicular feminization syndrome
B、Gonadal dysgenesis
C、Cryptorchidism
D、Female pseudo-intersexuality
62、The transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder is derived from
A、ectoderm
B、endoderm
C、mesoderm
D、neural crest cells
63、Which of the following clinical signs would be most obvious on examination of a patient with either tetralogy of Fallot or transposition of the great vessels?
A、Lack of femoral artery pulse
B、Pulmonary hypertension
C、Diffuse red rash
D、Cyanosis
64、Which of the three primary germ layers forms the histologically definitive endocardium of the adult heart?
A、Ectoderm
B、Endoderm
C、Mesoderm
D、neural crest cell
65、The hepatic sinusoids that can be observed histologically in an adult liver are derived from the
A、supracardinal veins
B、anterior cardinal veins
C、subcardinal veins
D、vitelline veins
66、How soon after birth does the foramen ovale close?
A、1-2 months
B、1-2 weeks
C、1-2 days
D、Immediately
67、Tetralogy of Fallot is a cardiac malformation that involves which of the following septa?
A、Aorticopulmonary septum
B、Atrial septum
C、Atrioventricular septum
D、Interventricular septum
68、Transposition of the great arteries is a cardiac malformation that involves which of the following septa?
A、Aorticopulmonary septum
B、Atrial septum
C、Atrioventricular septum
D、Interventricular septum
69、A partial development of the aorticopulmonary septum will result in which of the following?
A、Persistent truncus arteriosus
B、Transposition of the great arteries
C、Common ventricle
D、Tricuspid atresia
70、A faulty fusion of the right and left bulbar ridges and AV cushion will result in which of the following?
A、Transposition of the great arteries
B、Common ventricle
C、Persistent truncus arteriosus
D、Membranous VSD
71、Closure of the foramen primum results from fusion of which of the following structures?
A、Septum secundum and the fused atrioventricular cushions
B、Septum secundum and the septum primum
C、Septum primum and the fused atrioventricular cushions
D、Septum primum and the septum spurium
