mooc美国文学选读_1章节答案(mooc完整答案)

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3. 揭露人性罪恶的美国浪漫主义小说家：纳撒尼尔·霍桑

Test 1

1、___ literary world turns out to be a most disturbed,文学完整 tormented and problematical one, which has much to do with the “black” vision of life and human beings.
A、Washington Irving’s
B、选读Nathaniel Hawthorne’s
C、章节Herman Melville’s
D、答案答案Walt Whitman’s

2、美国Which of the works concerns most concentratedly the Calvinistic view of original sin?文学完整
A、Leaves of Grass
B、选读As I Lay Dying
C、章节The答案答案 Scarlet Letter
D、The美国 Wasteland

3、Which of the following is 文学完整not a work of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s?
A、The选读 Blithedale Romance
B、The章节 House of the Seven Gables
C、The答案答案 Marble Faun
D、White Jacket

4、In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as
A、commentators
B、villains
C、observers
D、saviors

5、The finest example of Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in ___.
A、The Scarlet Letter
B、The Ambitious Guest
C、Young Goodman Brown
D、The Marble Fawn

6、Poe was a great genius, and he was well recognized in his own day.

7、Poe felt that poetry should teach.

8、Poe is generally regarded as a pioneering aesthetician, psychological investigator, literary technician and his influence on American literary circles can never be overrated.

9、Nathaniel Hawthorne welcomed the Transcendentalists’ transparent optimism about the potentialities of human nature.

10、Hawthorne believed that romance was the predestined form of American narrative. He took a great interest in his contemporary society.

4. 麦尔维尔与《白鲸》

Test 2 段落评论

1、Comment on the sentences taken from Chapter 41 in Moby Dick. 1．Nor did wild rumors of all sorts fail to exaggerate, and still the more horrify the true histories of these deadly encounters. For not only do fabulous rumors naturally grow out of the very body of all surprising terrible events,—as the smitten tree gives birth to its fungi; but, in maritime life, far more than in that of terra firma, wild rumors abound, wherever there is any adequate reality for them to cling to. And as the sea surpasses the land in this matter, so the whale fishery surpasses every other sort of maritime life, in the wonderfulness and fearfulness of the rumors which sometimes circulate there. 2. Here, then, was this grey-headed, ungodly old man，chasing with curses a Job's whale round the world，at the head of a crew, too, chiefly made up of mongrel renegades，and castaways，and cannibals——morally enfeebled also, by the incompetence of mere unaided virtue or right-mindedness in Starbuck，the invulnerable jollity of indifference and recklessness in Stubb, and the pervading mediocrity in Flask. Such a crew，so officered，seemed specially picked and packed by some infernal fatality to help him to his monomaniac revenge.

５. 亨利·大卫·梭罗

Test 3

1、Which of the following had influence on Melville’s writing?
A、Shakespearean tragic vision
B、Hawthorne’s black vision
C、Emersonian Transcendentalism
D、All the above

2、____ is not Melville’s work.
A、Moby-Dick
B、The Private Life
C、White Jacket
D、Pierre

3、____ is the narrator in Moby-Dick.
A、Ahab
B、Ishmael
C、Flask
D、Queequeg

4、____ is regarded as the first American prose epic.
A、Nature
B、The Scarlet Letter
C、Walden
D、Moby-Dick

5、____, the tragic hero of Moby-Dick, burning with a baleful fire, becomes evil himself in his thirst to destroy evil.
A、Ahab
B、Moby Dick
C、Queequeg
D、Pip

6、Melville’s ____ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc. in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.
A、The Old Man and the Sea
B、Moby-Dick
C、White Jacket
D、Billy Budd

7、The white whale Moby Dick is a symbol of ____.
A、nature
B、God
C、culture
D、knowledge

8、During a journey Thoreau made to Concord in July of 1846, Thoreau was put in the jail for one night for refusing to pay a poll-tax of $2.00 to the government. This experience inspired him to write his famous essay ____, advocating nonviolent struggle against social injustice.
A、A Plea for John Brown
B、American Scholar
C、Civil Disobedience
D、Nature

9、The following are correct for transcendentalism EXCEPT _____.
A、It is a systematized philosophical and literary movement.
B、It exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom.
C、It spoke for cultural rejuvenation against the materialism of American society.
D、It appealed to those who scorned the pale deity of New England Unitarianism.

10、Which of the following is not Thoreau’s works?
A、Walden, or Life in the Woods
B、A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers
C、Civil Disobedience
D、Nature

11、Transcendentalism is also indebted to Ancient Indian and Chinese works, such as Confucius and Mencius.

12、Romantic values were prominent in American politics, art, and philosophy until the First World War.

13、Moby-Dick is Melville’s semi-autobiographical novel.

14、Melville obviously holds a positive and optimistic view toward life and human nature.

15、The Romantic writers would focus on individual feelings and strong imagination.

16、American Romanticism entered a new phase around the middle 1830s and culminated around the 1840s in what has come to be known as “New England Transcendentalism” or “American Renaissance” (1836-1855).

17、Like Romanticism, transcendentalism rejected both 18th century rationalism and established religion, which for the transcendentalists meant the Puritan tradition in particular.

18、The transcendentalists celebrated the power of the human imagination to commune with the universe and transcend the limitations of the material world. They found their chief source of inspiration in nature.

19、The term “transcendental” was derived from the Latin verb “transcendere”, which means to raise up, to pass beyond the limits.

20、Transcendentalism is always been accused of being over-pessimistic, near to mysticism, without support in reality.

学习通美国文学选读_1

美国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分。它包含了从殖民地时期到当代的各种文学形式和流派。本次选读课程旨在通过学习美国文学中的代表性作品，深入了解美国文化和历史背景，同时提升自身的阅读理解能力和文学鉴赏能力。

第一部分：殖民地时期文学

在美国的殖民地时期，文学主要是宗教性的。最早的文学作品是宗教颂歌和圣经评论。其中代表作有威廉·布拉德福德的《普利茅斯植民史》和约翰·温斯洛普的《模仿基督》等。

《普利茅斯植民史》

《普利茅斯植民史》是美国文学史上的重要作品，也是美国殖民史上最早的文学作品之一。该书讲述了清教徒在英格兰受迫害后移民到美洲，并在新大陆开始了新生活的故事。它不仅记录了清教徒的历史，还展现了他们的信仰、价值观和道德观念。

《模仿基督》

《模仿基督》是美国殖民时期宗教文学的代表作品之一。它是由约翰·温斯洛普创作的一系列讲道录，主要讲述了基督徒应该如何模仿耶稣基督的生活方式和道德标准。该书对美国文学、宗教文化和历史产生了深远的影响。

第二部分：启蒙时期文学

18世纪的美国文学被称为启蒙时期文学。它反映了当时美国社会的进步思想和民主精神。启蒙时期的文学作品主要是散文和政治宣言。代表作有托马斯·潘恩的《常识》和托马斯·杰斐逊的《独立宣言》等。

《常识》

《常识》是美国独立战争时期的重要政治宣言，也是美国历史上影响最为深远的政治著作之一。该书由托马斯·潘恩撰写，主张美国独立和民主。它的出版在当时引起了轰动，成为美国独立的号角。

《独立宣言》

《独立宣言》是美国历史上的重要文献之一，也是全世界知名的政治文化经典。该文献是由托马斯·杰斐逊等人起草，宣布了美国独立，肯定了人民的自由和平等权利，成为美国历史上最为重要的政治文献之一。

第三部分：浪漫时期文学

19世纪初，美国文学出现了浪漫主义流派。浪漫主义文学强调个体的感受和情感，反对传统的理性主义和启蒙思想。浪漫时期的文学作品多样化，包括诗歌、小说、散文等。代表作有爱默生的《自然》和霍桑的《红字》等。

《自然》

《自然》是美国浪漫主义文学代表人物拉尔夫·爱默生的代表作之一。该文集包括爱默生的诗歌、散文和演讲等，强调人类与自然的联系和个体的自由和独立。该书对美国文学和文化产生了深远的影响。

《红字》

《红字》是霍桑的代表作之一，也是美国文学史上的经典之作。该小说讲述了一个女性因通奸被判处戴上“红字”而受到的道德和社会的压力。霍桑通过这个故事探讨了自由、权利和道德的问题，表达了对社会现实的批判和对人性的关怀。

总结

本次选读课程介绍了美国文学的三个历史时期和代表性作品，包括殖民地时期文学、启蒙时期文学和浪漫时期文学。通过学习这些文学作品，我们可以更深入地了解美国文化和历史背景，提升自身的阅读理解能力和文学鉴赏能力。