mooc专门用途英语课程群（土木工程英语）期末答案(慕课2023完整答案)
31 min readmooc专门用途英语课程群（土木工程英语）期末答案(慕课2023完整答案)
1.1 Pre-reading part随堂测验
1、专门整答What does civil engineering deal with?用途英语语期
2、What are the names of the wonders in ancient China,课程课完which are mentioned in the video? Please give their names.
3、What are the names of the ancient wonders abroad,群土 which are mentioned in the video? Please give their names.
4、What are the branches of civil engineering?木工末答
1.2 Terms and expressions随堂测验
1、Please translate these phrases into Chinese. building code load-bearing structure suspension bridge earth moving
2、程英What are the meanings of the terms below?案慕案 ? mound ? slab ? breakwater ? waterway
1.3 What is civil engineering?随堂测验
1、Please complete the summary of the text. Civil engineering has a long history,专门整答 ___________ back to the ancient times when human beings lacked the __________ equipment for their construction.Civil engineering is not only about designing and construction, but also about __________ and __________ the infrastructure.
2、Early civilizations built monuments to____ or ____,用途英语语期or for military reasons.
3、Nowadays civil engineering does not only deal with designing fancy buildings,课程课完 but also _____________ and __________everyday infrastructures
4、Geotechnical engineering concerns fields of ____________________________.
1.4 Critical thinking随堂测验
1、群土Please write down the possible attributes of a qualified civil engineer.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2、木工末答What are the responsibilities of civil engineers?程英________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3、How are you going to practice your abilities as a future civil engineer?案慕案
Test for unit 1
1、Civil Engineering has a long history,专门整答 and can be _________ back to the ancient times.
2、In the ancient time, human beings lacked the _________ equipment for construction.
3、Civil Engineering is not only about designing and constructing, but also about ________the infrastructure.
4、Civil engineering is also about _______ the infrastructure.
5、As a ______________ field of the engineering branches, civil engineering can be divided into various sub-disciplines.
6、__________engineering is a civil engineering branch focusing on the framework of structures.
7、___________engineering is a branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials.
8、Water resources engineering deals with the design and operation of systems to control and _______ water.
9、Civil engineers _________ all phases of construction.
10、Civil engineers are in charge of the ________of the finished projects.
critical thinking
1、What kind of civil engineer do you want to become? What attributes should you possess to be a successful one? How would you practice yourself from now on to achieve your goal?
Blank filling with the professional meanings of the terms appeared in the video
1、discipline column bid load grading foundation beam process 1. Without a construction_________ proposal, there would be no way to establish the overall cost of a project, which would throw the project and the contractor-client relationship into chaos.
2、discipline column bid load grading foundation beam process 2.The primary function of a bridge is to carry traffic ___________: heavy trucks, cars, and trains.
3、discipline column bid load grading foundation beam process 3. A ___________ or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.
4、discipline column bid load grading foundation beam process 4. Engineers in the ___________ of water resources engineering are concerned with sustainable water resource management, systems of water supply and distribution, water quality, etc.
5、discipline column bid load grading foundation beam process 5. The effort spent on careful _________, mixing and compaction of concrete will be largely wasted if the concrete is badly cured(养护).
6、discipline column bid load grading foundation beam process 6. Every construction _________ is unique and depends on the scope and complexity of the project.
7、discipline column bid load grading foundation beam process 7. There are different types of ____________ for building construction and their uses depend on soil condition and loads from the structure.
8、discipline column bid load grading foundation beam process 8. The condition of this major supporting _______ put the top four floors of the building at risk.
Comprehensive questions
1、Please gather some information about the big events in Civil Engineering field in China, during the past 10-20 years. Preferrably some different sub-disciplines are included and listed, which means you should present here at least 2-3 events. You should tell the event name, the background, the construction itself, the problems, the solutions, and the results or influences to people thereafter. Relevant pictures or flashes or short videos are encouraged. 200 words at least.
Text explanation in powperpoints
1、You are required to explain a paragraph of the text, in great details. Please gather information on grammar, terms, sentence structure, and text meaning. Then show the information in PPT and upload here. Your ppt should be no less than 10 pages, and pictures are required. You are required to give grades for at least 3 other classmates, to get your own score.
Unit 2 Civil engineering materials
2.1 Pre-reading part随堂测验
1、Which of the following materials are raw materials?
A、brick
B、stone
C、steel bars
D、wood
2、Green materials are clean, so they do not come from gabage areas.
3、The advanced materials mentioned in the pre-reading part of study are __________________, _______________________, _______________________________ and ___________________________________.
4、The features of green materials are(the 1st question out of 3) : 1. they are ________________________.
5、The features of green materials are(the 2nd question out of 3) : 2. they bring ___________________ to the natural environment, during its production and after-use.
6、The features of green materials are(the 3rd question out of 3) : 3. they are intended to improve people’s ___________and _______________.
Test for terms and useful words
1、Study the meaning of the underlined words in the following sentences and choose their synonyms. The manufacture of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work.
A、interfered
B、split up
C、dug
D、melted
2、Study the meaning of the underlined words in the following sentences and choose their synonyms. We have listed some green building materials that offer alternatives to concrete, and a lower environmental impact.
A、probabilities
B、dilemmas
C、options
D、substitutes
3、Study the meaning of the underlined words in the following sentences and choose their synonyms. As its name might indicate, grasscrete is a method of laying concrete flooring, walkways, sidewalks, and driveways in such a manner that there are open patterns allowing grass or other flora to grow.
A、leaves
B、twigs
C、trunks
D、plants
4、Study the meaning of the underlined words in the following sentences and choose their synonyms. The contents are carefully proportioned and mixed, and then machine-compacted in removable formwork to yield a stone-like wall that is massive, water-resistant, load-bearing and long-lasting.
A、generate
B、grow
C、earn
D、consume
5、Study the meaning of the underlined words in the following sentences and choose their synonyms. In fact, walls that have a similar feel to concrete can actually be created with nothing more than dirt tamped down very tightly in forms.
A、depressed
B、packed
C、pumped
D、squeezed
6、Study the meaning of the underlined words in the following sentences and choose their synonyms. Modern rammed earth buildings can be made safer by use of rebar or bamboo, and mechanical tampers reduce the amount of labor required to create sturdy walls.
A、stubborn
B、rough
C、coarse
D、tough
7、Study the meaning of the underlined words in the following sentences and choose their synonyms. Mycelium is a crazy futuristic building material that is actually totally natural – it comprises the root structure of fungi and mushrooms.
A、compensates
B、compresses
C、compels
D、consists of
8、Study the meaning of the underlined words in the following sentences and choose their synonyms. What’s more, this unique material actually absorbs and traps CO2 as part of its drying and hardening process – making it not only less CO2-intensive than traditional concrete, but actually carbon-neutral.
A、captures
B、takes in
C、grabs
D、acquires
9、Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the box. Change their forms if necessary. retain biodiverse sustainable renewable affordable calamity ubiquitous insulation It is crucial for human beings to find out ____________ solutions to the problem of limited energy and resources.
10、Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the box. Change their forms if necessary. retain biodiverse sustainable renewable affordable calamity ubiquitous insulation Concrete, the ____________ gray material, is arguably the most widely used construction material worldwide.
11、Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the box. Change their forms if necessary. retain biodiverse sustainable renewable affordable calamity ubiquitous insulation Researchers are working on creating concrete that reduces greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to the ____________ of deteriorating climate.
12、Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the box. Change their forms if necessary. retain biodiverse sustainable renewable affordable calamity ubiquitous insulation A resource is a natural resource which replenishes (补充) to overcome resource reduction caused by usage and consumption.
13、Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the box. Change their forms if necessary. retain biodiverse sustainable renewable affordable calamity ubiquitous insulation More often than not, however, such considerations and planning in construction projects may fall through (失败) as desirable materials are generally not ____________.
14、Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the box. Change their forms if necessary. retain biodiverse sustainable renewable affordable calamity ubiquitous insulation Now Chinese researchers have come up with another tool in the energy-saving arsenal: a building material that can release and _____________ heat on demand, which makes a significant difference to the cost of heating and cooling buildings.
15、Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the box. Change their forms if necessary. retain biodiverse sustainable renewable affordable calamity ubiquitous insulation The more heat flow resistance your ____________ provides, the lower your heating and cooling costs. Properly ____________ your home not only reduces heating and cooling costs, but also improves comfort.
16、Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the box. Change their forms if necessary. retain biodiverse sustainable renewable affordable calamity ubiquitous insulation In the past few years, however, researchers have turned their attention to the role that green roofs can play in the conservation of ____________ in towns and cities, where natural habitats are few and far between.
Terms meaning identification
1、A. absorbing storm water B. comprising the root structure of fungi and mushrooms C. super-lightweight D. water-resistant E. absorbing and trapping CO2 as part of its drying process F. combining tensile strength and light weight G. needing enough clay content in the soil Fill in the blanks with the letter (A to G) next to the characteristics. 1. Bamboo ---_____
2、2. mud brick--- ______
3、3. mycelium--- ______
4、4. ferrock--- ______
5、5. rammed earth--- ______
6、6. grasscrete--- ______
7、7. hempcrete--- ______
Material descriptions
1、a. a very hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones and water b. rectangular units of burned clay or shale (页岩), or stone, usually red or brown c. very fine-grained earth that is plastic (可塑的) when moist but hard when fired d. capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out e. produced by combining different artificial substances f. a white substance obtained by burning limestone, used for making cement, marking sports fields, etc. g. a steel bar used as a tension device in reinforced concrete structures h. a powder made of a mixture of calcined (煅烧后的) limestone and clay Please fill in the blanks with the letter (a-h) next to the description you choose for each construction material. 1. brick _______
2、2. rebar_______
3、3. lime______
4、4. concrete_______
5、5. tensile______
6、6. cement_______
7、7. clay_____
8、8. synthetic_______
Text analysis powerpoint assignment
1、You are assigned a paragraph of the text, please upload a powerpoint to fully explain it. And each of you is required to rate another 5 classmates' work, within the time allowed. 1.Please check if they have fully covered the explanation of sentences, words and phrases in this part. The total score for this item is 5, and you should rate it according to the level of completeness and competence, ranging from 0-5. 2. If they have included more information, like some pictures or other introducing information, for our better understanding of this part, you can give it an extra point ranging from 1-3. 3.There is another 2 points, for the design and layout of the powerpoint. Please judge if this ppt is fully prepared, if it is well-designed (including font, color, format, balance of picture and words, easy to read...) , and give it a rating from 0-2.
Unit 3 Civil engineering structure
Unit 3 test
1、The specific meaning of the term "concrete" is _____________.
A、具体的
B、混凝土
C、水泥
D、坚硬的
2、The specific meaning of the term "assemble" is _____________.
A、集合
B、军队
C、装配
D、动摇
3、The specific meaning of the term "accommodate" is _____________.
A、容纳
B、包括
C、招待
D、适应
4、The specific meaning of the term "column" is _____________.
A、梁
B、柱
C、专栏
D、分页
5、The specific meaning of the term "flexibility" is _____________.
A、多变性
B、灵活性
C、包容性
D、弹性
6、Please give the fixed phrases appeared in this unit according to the Chinese meanings. 震烈度
7、Please give the fixed phrases appeared in this unit according to the Chinese meanings. 外壳
8、Please give the fixed phrases appeared in this unit according to the Chinese meanings. 聚合物膜
9、Please give the fixed phrases appeared in this unit according to the Chinese meanings. 钢结构
10、Please give the fixed phrases appeared in this unit according to the Chinese meanings. 可回缩屋顶
11、Please give the fixed phrases appeared in this unit according to the Chinese meanings. 建筑物，建造工程
12、Please give the fixed phrases appeared in this unit according to the Chinese meanings. 抗压力度
13、Please give the fixed phrases appeared in this unit according to the Chinese meanings. 热膨胀
Text analysis presentation
1、You are assigned a paragraph of the text, please upload a powerpoint to fully explain it. And each of you is required to rate another 5 classmates' work, within the time allowed. 1.Please check if they have fully covered the explanation of sentences, words and phrases in this part. The total score for this item is 5, and you should rate it according to the level of completeness and competence, ranging from 0-5. 2. If they have included more information, like some pictures or other introducing information, for our better understanding of this part, you can give it an extra point ranging from 1-3. 3.There is another 2 points, for the design and layout of the powerpoint. Please judge if this ppt is fully prepared, if it is well-designed (including font, color, format, balance of picture and words, easy to read...) , and give it a rating from 0-2.
Usage of terms
1、A __________or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.
2、A__________ jungle is an ugly grey area of a city where people live in closely crowded buildings and there is little space.
3、Salesmen in hardware shops (五金店) __________ sewing machines in two and a half minutes.
4、The utility model (实用新型专利) solves the corrosion of reinforcing steel and improves deformation and __________ of the structure while maintaining bearing ability of the structure.
5、The building can __________ all of the offshore workers and protect them from hurricane damage.
Blank filling with important words in this unit
1、Civil engineering is an old age branch of engineering ________ from the day Civilization has started.
2、Up till 500 years ago, our ancestors still led advancements in fields of metallurgy(冶金术), economics, mathematics, nautical navigation, ________ and silk.
3、The stadium is a mass of intertwined steel ________; it looks just like abird’s nest.
4、We offer a complete design service and ________pricing structure to ensure you can improve profits and enhance the quality of your housing schemes.
5、Low-power lasers can cut and ________ plastics; higher-power lasers can cut and weld metals.
6、If the railway has done well this far, as he says it has, then it will likely ________ whatever stresses the climate throws at it next – at least for a while.
7、They experience less thermal expansion and ________ stress, leading to predictions of at least a doubling of lifespan compared to black roofs.
8、Without an element of tension, these older stone buildings simply ________ and newer concrete structures today are reinforced with steel.
9、Mr. Nakamura was in Beijing to ________ the studio, housed in a low-rise warehouse-style building near Beijing’s 798 art districts.
10、The International Conference on Civil Engineering will be held in November 2017, and the________ deadline for the conference is August 10.
Unit 4 Bridge and Tunnel Construction
Test for unit 4
1、cantilever criteria rigorous dynamic seismic maintenance iconic initial 1. In many cases, _______ are created so that builders could work without needing falsework.
2、cantilever criteria rigorous dynamic seismic maintenance iconic initial 2. It is known that monitoring bridge behavior, especially in the _______ construction stages of the structures, is extremely important.
3、cantilever criteria rigorous dynamic seismic maintenance iconic initial 3. While GPS can be of significant help to travelers, current systems when performing routing do not take into account _________ road conditions such as construction accidents or daily traffic patterns.
4、cantilever criteria rigorous dynamic seismic maintenance iconic initial 4. What ___________ do you use when judging the quality of an engineer's work when a project has been completed?
5、cantilever criteria rigorous dynamic seismic maintenance iconic initial 5. The new system must be _______ examined to provide health guarantee for the construction workers.
6、cantilever criteria rigorous dynamic seismic maintenance iconic initial 6. The experts will make more detailed ________ and repair plans for the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge.
7、cantilever criteria rigorous dynamic seismic maintenance iconic initial 7. The _______ retrofit measures for the Golden Gate Bridge consist of strengthening foundations, installation of micropiles and other structural modifications.
8、cantilever criteria rigorous dynamic seismic maintenance iconic initial 8. The Golden Gate Bridge is a work of art, an engineering marvel, and an American _______.
Professional meaning of terms
1、Epoxy aspohalt concrete has been used in steel ________ pavement for more than 30 years abroad, so a lot of experience has been obtained by engineers.
2、For this type of metal, a special zinc ________ must be used. Otherwise your subsequent coats will eventually flake off.
3、Main cables of suspension bridges are always _________ in a parabolic curve that most people instinctively enjoy.
4、The ___________ of a bridge is the distance between the lowest point of the bridge and the road or the water under the bridge.
5、The shelves should be securely _______ to the wall.
Synonyms of words
1、The Golden Gate Bridge, a prominent (prompt, sepctacular, piercing, sharp) landmark of America, is one of the longest suspension bridges in the world.
2、The most primitive version (insight, conception, awareness, variation) is a vine rope linking two sides of a chasm; a person travels across by hanging from the rope and pulling himself along hand over hand.
3、Somewhat more sophisticated (intelligent, invasive, advanced, prosperous) designs incorporate a flat surface on which a person can walk, sometimes with the assistance of vine handrails.
4、The suspension cables must be anchored at each end of the bridge, since any load applied to the bridge is transformed into a tension (nervousness, force, flexibility, relaxation) in these main cables.
5、The final graceful suspension design was conceived and championed (supported, defeated, convinced, persuaded) by consulting engineers Leon S. Moisseiff and O.H. Ammann.
6、With recent advances in technology, the bridge was retrofitted (enhanced, renovated, heightened, transformed) with earthquake resistant mechanisms, which would allow it to resist seismic activities.
Text analysis presentation
1、You are assigned a paragraph of the text, please upload a powerpoint to fully explain it. And each of you is required to rate another 5 classmates' work, within the time allowed. 1.Please check if they have fully covered the explanation of sentences, words and phrases in this part. The total score for this item is 5, and you should rate it according to the level of completeness and competence, ranging from 0-5. 2. If they have included more information, like some pictures or other introducing information, for our better understanding of this part, you can give it an extra point ranging from 1-3. 3.There is another 2 points, for the design and layout of the powerpoint. Please judge if this ppt is fully prepared, if it is well-designed (including font, color, format, balance of picture and words, easy to read...) , and give it a rating from 0-2.
Unit 5 Civil Engineering Project Management
Test for Unit 5
1、Please select one word from the following NINE words, and fill in each blank. In today's fast-paced, knowledge-based business world, it's not uncommon to see project managers juggling as many as 10 projects _______ --with all types of complexity, duration, and sizes.
A、workmanship
B、disproportionally
C、trustee
D、completeness
E、simultaneously
F、underbid
G、coordinate
H、flawless
I、contingency
2、Please select one word from the following NINE words, and fill in each blank. Although each project is unique, there are key concepts that a project manager can use to ______ and guide a project to completion.
A、contingency
B、flawless
C、coordinate
D、underbid
E、simultaneously
F、completeness
G、trustee
H、disproportionally
I、workmanship
3、Please select one word from the following NINE words, and fill in each blank. _______ is an estimated assessment of risk within the process of design and construction that may result in increased costs beyond that estimated project budget.
A、workmanship
B、disproportionally
C、trustee
D、completeness
E、simultaneously
F、underbid
G、coordinate
H、flawless
I、contingency
4、Please select one word from the following NINE words, and fill in each blank. In the tough years of the construction industry, many contractors, faced with fewer jobs and more competition, are tempted to _______ projects in order to get the work and then try to make up the difference through changing orders and extra work claims.
A、contingency
B、flawless
C、coordinate
D、underbid
E、simultaneously
F、completeness
G、trustee
H、disproportionally
I、workmanship
5、Please select one word from the following NINE words, and fill in each blank. Most defects in construction projects are due to human error, which is likely to happen due to poor performance in during construction process.
A、workmanship
B、disproportionally
C、trustee
D、completeness
E、simultaneously
F、underbid
G、coordinate
H、flawless
I、contingency
6、Please select one word from the following NINE words, and fill in each blank. There’s no such thing as or infallible. Even if you put a team of professionals to work around the clock on your campaign, there will always be mistakes, mishaps, unexpected bumps on the road, etc.
A、workmanship
B、disproportionally
C、trustee
D、completeness
E、simultaneously
F、underbid
G、coordinate
H、flawless
I、contingency
7、Please select one word from the following NINE words, and fill in each blank. Final plans for a renovation and construction project to modernize the Agricultural Engineering Building at an estimated cost of $44.5 million were approved by the Board of at their May 7 meeting.
A、contingency
B、flawless
C、coordinate
D、underbid
E、simultaneously
F、completeness
G、trustee
H、disproportionally
I、workmanship
8、Please select one word from the following NINE words, and fill in each blank. The house is carefully externally and this also affects the interior, where the rooms are spacious and well-lit by natural daylight.
A、workmanship
B、disproportionally
C、trustee
D、completed
E、simultaneously
F、underbid
G、coordinate
H、flawless
I、contingency
9、The most amazing thing about _______ (自然) is its infinite variety.
10、Although the assumptions are reasonable, there are often variations due to the _____(本质) of construction work.
11、It is really challenging to build the house at an _____ (海拔) of about 13000 feet above sea level.
12、The preparation of a design requires many individuals who must perform design calculations, coordinate related work, and produce many sheets of drawings that have _______(主面图), sections, details, and dimensions.
13、Some time ago a British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund to pay bribes, and of other questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers an exaggerated ________(佣金), offering additional discounts, and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland.
14、The interest of some owners, particularly non-profit organizations or public agencies, is represented by individuals who are members of board of trustees, board of directors, or a _______ (委员会).
15、For his dedication the Mayor _______ed (奖励) him a medal of merit.
16、A careful evaluation of each contractor’s bid is necessary before the ______(给予) of a construction contract.
Text analysis presentation
1、You are assigned a paragraph of the text, please upload a powerpoint to fully explain it. And each of you is required to rate another 5 classmates' work, within the time allowed. 1.Please check if they have fully covered the explanation of sentences, words and phrases in this part. The total score for this item is 5, and you should rate it according to the level of completeness and competence, ranging from 0-5. 2. If they have included more information, like some pictures or other introducing information, for our better understanding of this part, you can give it an extra point ranging from 1-3. 3.There is another 2 points, for the design and layout of the powerpoint. Please judge if this ppt is fully prepared, if it is well-designed (including font, color, format, balance of picture and words, easy to read...) , and give it a rating from 0-2.
Synonym of words
1、1. The techniques used are often refined project management skills, due to the high level of complexity and low error tolerance on these projects. (pure, cultivated, perfected, polished )
2、2. Due to the risks that are inherent to construction, and the many tasks that must be performed, the construction contractor must carefully plan, schedule, and manage the project in the most efficient manner. (implanted, indigenous, instinctive, successive, )
3、3. Although the assumptions are reasonable, there are often variations due to the nature of construction work. ( identity, type, feature, quality )
4、4. It is difficult for some individuals to acknowledge the fact that plans and specifications do have errors. ( sustain, admit, advocate, appreciate )
5、5. These individuals generally have a background in business enterprises and/or professional occupations with little or no knowledge of project work or interpretation of drawings. ( wisdom, definition, understanding, description )
6、6. The project manager must contend with problems as described above. ( compete, argue, involve, deal )
Unit 6 Geomatics Technology Application
Phrase Collocation
1、control _________控制点
2、structural __________ 结构变形
3、______________ control高度控制
4、_________ monitoring位移监测
5、______ survey地面测量
6、pile _______ 桩定位
7、ground ________地面沉降
Pre-fix Practice
1、A new pedestrian _______will be built at the southern side of the station, linking it with the existing shopping mall at the junction of Che KUNG Mui Road and Sha Tin Tau Road.
2、Much of the area of the country has received _______precipitation (降水)since the end of January.
3、Upgrading _______into species increases the number of rare species (by fragmenting populations)and augments the biodiversity of a piece of habitat and thus its claim for protection.
4、Without adequate records, site owners frequently have no means of determining the kinds of waste deposited there, or their propensities(习性)to migrate through ______and aquifers(蓄水层).
5、A_______climate vegetated roof is a type of green building practice that employs a planted soil media installed above a waterproof concerns, similar to traditional green roofs located in northern continental United States.
Final exam
Final exam for civil engineering English
1、The history of civil engineering can be traced back to ancient times when the sole means of construction was human labor, lacking any sophisticated equipment.
A、prominent
B、advanced
C、significant
D、elegant
2、Ancient civil engineering projects include the Roman public baths, the Mayan ruins at Copan, Palenque and Tikal, and the cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde.
A、exhaust
B、remains
C、surplus
D、allowance
3、Nowadays, we often associate civil engineering with the world's most jaw-dropping structures.
A、surprising
B、elegant
C、luxurious
D、glorious
4、The transportation infrastructure should ensure mobility and accessibility for all segments of society while promoting socially desirable land use.
A、parts
B、proportions
C、criteria
D、phases
5、Other essential attributes civil engineers need include: creativity, versatility, a problem solving mind, and the ability to understand the bigger picture and to collaborate with a number of other professionals.
A、qualities
B、contributes
C、inspirations
D、talents
6、Please give the corresponding professional phrase next to the Chinese equivalent, using the exact ones appeared in our learning. 承载能力
7、Please give the corresponding professional phrase next to the Chinese equivalent, using the exact ones appeared in our learning. 桁架柱
8、Please give the corresponding professional phrase next to the Chinese equivalent, using the exact ones appeared in our learning. 焊缝
9、Please give the corresponding professional phrase next to the Chinese equivalent, using the exact ones appeared in our learning. 长轴/主轴
10、Please give the corresponding professional phrase next to the Chinese equivalent, using the exact ones appeared in our learning. 拱桥
11、Please give the corresponding professional phrase next to the Chinese equivalent, using the exact ones appeared in our learning. 悬索桥
12、斜拉桥
13、Please fill in the blank using one of the words from the list below. Change form if necessary. cantilever dynamic maintenance In many cases, ____________ are created so that builders could work without needing falsework.
14、Please fill in the blank using one of the words from the list below. Change form if necessary. cantilever dynamic maintenance The experts will make more detailed ______________ and repair plans for the Nanjing Yangtze River.
15、Please fill in the blank using one of the words from the list below. Change form if necessary. cantilever dynamic maintenance While GPS can be of significant help to travelers, current systems when performing routing do not take into account ______________ road conditions such as construction accidents or daily traffic patterns.
16、Please give the full words of the following initialism. Make sure the first letter of each word is capitalized. GPS
17、Please give the full words of the following initialism. Make sure the first letter of each word is capitalized. GIS
18、Please give the full words of the following initialism. Make sure the first letter of each word is capitalized. DEM
19、Please fill in the blank using one of the words from the list below. Change form if necessary. displacement elevation The deformation of dam is a three-dimensional value including horizontal and vertical ________________.
20、Please fill in the blank using one of the words from the list below. Change form if necessary. displacement elevation There may be widespread changes in ground _______________ as well as horizontal or shear displacement(剪切位移).
21、Please fill in the blank using one of the phrases from the list below. Change form if necessary. run off ground water overflow Along the Nile River, farming for five millennia was dependent on the annual ______________ of the river into the croplands.
22、Please fill in the blank using one of the phrases from the list below. Change form if necessary. run off ground water overflow Freshwater exists in lakes, rivers, ______________ and is frozen as snow and ice.
23、Please fill in the blank using one of the phrases from the list below. Change form if necessary. run off ground water overflow Sewage _____________ frequently contaminates the river and treatment methods are inadequate to handle the pollution.
24、Please fill in the blank using one of the words from the list below. Change form if necessary. specify ventilation A building code is a set of rules that _______________ the minimum acceptable level of safety for objects being constructed such as buildings and non-building structures.
25、Please fill in the blank using one of the words from the list below. Change form if necessary. specify ventilation This would solve the problem of __________________ , for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.
