超星跨文化交际_12期末答案(学习通2023课后作业答案)
88 min read超星跨文化交际_12期末答案(学习通2023课后作业答案)
quiz on unit 1
1、超星As a phenomenon,跨文课后 intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years.
2、Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe
3、化交Culture is 际期a static entity while communication is a dynamic process
4、4. Culture can be seen as shared knowledge,末答 what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture.
5、In intercultural communication,案学 we should separate ones individual character from cultural generalization.
6、Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes. The习通 linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals.
7、All people of the same nationality will have the same culture
8、作业Although two cultures may share the same ideas,答案 their meaning and significance may not be the same.
9、One's actions are totally independent of his 超星or her culture.
10、Although cultural stereotype has its limitations(over-generalization),跨文课后 it still contributes to a person's cultural cognition.
11、What are the contributions of Edward Hall to the study of intercultural communication?化交
12、Discuss the four main differences between people of this 际期world.
13、words explanation: economic globalization
14、末答Translate this 案学phrase: sanitation engineer
15、What do you think usually leads to misunderstanding in intercultural communication?
16、Case analysis: When Mary, a British lady, first went to China a number of years ago, she had no idea about the Chinese language or its culture. Shortly after her arrival, she went to the bank on her way to school. She was extremely surprised when the bank clerk asked her if she had had lunch. Since she was a complete stranger, she was quite taken aback. She proceeded to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same question. Question: Why was Mary surprised?
第一单元作业
1、What are the contributions of Edward Hall to the study of intercultural communication?
2、Discuss the four main differences between people of this world.
3、What do you think usually leads to misunderstanding in intercultural communication?
4、words explanation: intercultural communication
5、Case analysis: When Mary, a British lady, first went to China a number of years ago, she had no idea about the Chinese language or its culture. Shortly after her arrival, she went to the bank on her way to school. She was extremely surprised when the bank clerk asked her if she had had lunch. Since she was a complete stranger, she was quite taken aback. She proceeded to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same question. Question: Why was Mary surprised?
6、Translate: sanitation engineer
Unit 2 Communication, Culture and Language
Unit 2 2.1 Communication
1、The communication refers to the transportation of a message between a sender and a receiver, by using signaling system.
2、An organizational communicationis a communication within groups of people and by groups of people to others.
3、When you speak in public, you may become nervous, your palms will be sweaty, you heart will be pounding, you may have a butterfly in your stomach. This is semantic noise.
4、The international context refers to the expectations people have about the behaviors of others as a result of differences in the relationships between them
5、Though writing is the most frequently used means of communication, it is the least taugh
6、Communication occurs wherever meaning is attributed to behavior or the residue of behavior.
7、Western cultures emphasize the harmony between the communicators.
8、We communicate with others for the sheer pleasure of interactions. This is its practical function
9、There are at least 6 key components of communication: sender, message, channel, receiver, noise and feedback
10、A message refers to any signals that trigger the response of a receiver.
Unit 2 2.1 Communication
1、1. A Chinese student had just arrived at the States. One day, when he was reading in his room, he heard someone shouting outside: “ Watch out!” So he went to the window and stretched out his head and tried to find out what’s going on outside. Just then, his head was right poured by the water from above… Question: Would you please analyze the saying “ Watch out” with the three meanings in communication?
2、2. How do you understand the statement that communication is a process of understanding and sharing.
3、Word Explaination: Feedback
4、Word Expaination: Context
5、What is the difference between western and eastern way of communication?
6、Case Analysis A male Turkish graduate student in the United States lived in a residence hall where he shared a room with an American. One day his roommate went into the bathroom and completely shaved his head. The Turkish student easily discovered this fact when he himself visited the bathroom and saw the hair everywhere. He returned to his room and said to his roommate, "Youve shaved your head. "The American replied, "Yeah, I did. The Turkish student waited a little, then said, "I discovered youd shaved your head when I went into the bathroom and saw the hair. "Yeah. "the American confirmed. The Turk was at a loss. He believed he had communicated in the strongest possible language his wish that the American would clean up the mess he'd made in the bathroom. But no such meaning was attributed to his words by his roommate. Later he discussed the surprising episode with Turkish friends who told him, "Listen, with Americans you actually have to say " Clean up the bathroom! "The Turkish student believed his message had been very clear. However, he was relying on the context of the communication for the message to be understood: Hair was recently and widely scattered all over the bathroom, and his roommate now had no hair. Warm-up Questions 1. Why do you think the American student failed to understand what his Turkish roommate had wanted to say? 2. What elements are necessary for a successful communication event to take place? 3. What often hinders understanding between interlocutors?
2.3 Language
Quiz of 2.2 and 2.3
1、1. In general, there are two ways to learn about target culture: intelligent approach and experimental approach.
2、Etiquette is an ethical and socially acceptable behaviour regarding professional practice or action among the members of a profession in their dealings with each other.
3、Intercultural communication is the exchange of information between individuals.
4、Zhenghe opened up the ancient “silk road ” in Chinese history.
5、Taboo topics like age, money, religion and marriage are forbidden areas for westerners.
6、In intracultural communication, speakers rely on their prior knowledge rooted in cultural models, core common grounds, shared knowledge, common beliefs of a relatively definable speech community.
7、International communication takes place between nations and countries rather than individuals.
8、Cross-cultural communication emphasizes the differences of different cultural communications or groups. In this course, it refers to the national cultural level.
9、In order to be successful in intercultural communication, people should learn only cultural differences.
10、China and Japan belong to low-context culture, and America and German belong to high-context culture.
Unit 2 2.2 and 2.3
1、What are the characteristics of culture? Please explain each of the characteristic.
2、1. What is high-context culture? Can you make an example?
3、1. How do people become what they are? How have you acquired your cultural values and ways of behavior?
4、1. How do you understand the concept of culture? What are the most important natures of culture?
5、How do you understand the relationship between language, culture and communication?
6、1. Why is language important?
7、案列分析：在美国当志愿者的小李发现，一位年轻的美国老师每次上课都直呼一位六十多岁的日本进修生的名字，这引起了班上一些中国、日本和韩国学生的不满，他们觉得这位年轻老师直接叫长辈的名字是不尊敬的表现。而班上的法国学生和美国学生则认为，老师对所有的学生都叫名字，没有什么不妥的地方。
8、Lin hua has accompanied an American delegation to visit China. They have experienced the hospitality of the Chinese people. After returing to America, Lin once visited them. They were so glad to meet again. Lin hua offered to host the meal, but they refused. They ordered their own dish, and Lin ordered his own. When footing the bill, they only paid their part, and no one wanted to pay for Lin hua. He found them so inhopitable, though she knew the Americans would usually pay for their own. Question: Why did Lin hua find them inhospitable?
2.2 Culture
quiz on 2.2 culture
1、1. ________ refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.
A、Noise
B、Context
C、Source
D、Message
2、_______ refers to attaching meaning to sense data and is synonymous with decoding.
A、Perception
B、Interpretation
C、Sensation
D、Selection
3、_____ is any policy, practice, belief or attitude that attributes characteristics or status to individuals based on their race.
A、Sexism
B、Collectivism
C、Racism
D、Individualism
4、_____ style focuses on the speaker and role relationships. People with such communication style stress high power distance. This style is popular in collectivist and high-context culture.
A、Contextual
B、Succinct
C、Personal
D、Elaborate
5、Which of the following statements about intercultural communication is not true? _
A、It is communication between people of different cultures.
B、We need understanding and acceptance in intercultural communication.
C、During the process of intercultural communication, one should turn one’s back on one’s own culture
D、We should develop tolerance and acceptance in intercultural communication.
6、____, although also part of the dominant culture, are groups with which the dominant culture does not agree with and with which it has communication problems.
A、World cultures
B、Subgroups
C、Macrocultures
D、Co-cultures
7、_____is the socialization process you go through to adapt to your society.
A、Deculturation
B、Acculturation
C、Assimilation
D、Enculturation
8、_____refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.
A、Receiver
B、Encoding
C、Feedback
D、Decoding
9、Cultures in which less has to be said or written because more of the meaning is in the physical environment or already shared by people are _____.
A、Direct context
B、Indirect context
C、low context
D、High context
10、. While the highest goal of communication in the Eastern Cultures is to achieve ___, the highest goal of communication in the West is to achieve the practical cooperation from others.
A、Harmony
B、further relationship
C、practical purpose
D、definite result
Unit 3 Language and Culture
Quiz for unit 3
1、green-eyed
2、Yellow Pages
3、Once in a blue moon
4、A green old age
5、Go to the green wood
6、In the green
7、A bolt from the blue
8、Once in a blue moon
9、A blue-eyed boy
10、Blue-sky bargain
11、Blue pencil
12、Blue chip
13、A black stranger
14、Blue milk
15、To work like a black
16、A white day
17、a white lie
18、a black lie
19、a red-letter day
20、a white hope
21、a white night
22、1. Yellow looks
23、A white elephant
24、give sb. A black eye
25、Black coffee
26、Yellow dog
27、Running a business in the red
28、o be in someone’s black books
29、1. 红娘
30、预备警报
31、1. 黑幕
32、红尘
33、红利
34、红人
35、又红又专
36、铁青着脸
37、black sheep
38、blue jokes
39、green finger
40、red lady
41、catch sb. red-handed
42、go out of red
43、red tape
44、red ink
45、1. He gave me assurance in black and white.
46、He was the first European head of state to visit their country, and they rolled out red carpet for him.
47、I was absolutely green when i saw his splendid new car.
48、1. They had to sell the firm because for years they had operated it in the red.
49、True blue will never stain.
50、1. The black dog is over him.
Unit 4 Cultural Values
Unit 4 Cultural Values
1、Which one is not the model of Kluckhohn?
A、Man-nature orientation
B、Activity orientation
C、Money orientation
D、Human nature orientation
2、Which is the model of Hofstede?
A、individualism-collectivism
B、money and society
C、lfie and belief
D、beautiful and ugly
3、_______ deals with the innate character of human nature.
A、Activity orientation
B、The human nature orientation
C、Person-nature orientation
D、Time orientation
4、In ______ both men and women are relatively tough, and in these cultures, gender roles are clearly distinct.
A、collectivistic cultures
B、individualistic cultures
C、femininity cultures
D、masculine culutures
5、Uncertainty avoidance is the tendency to behave to arrange things in a way that ____
A、minimizes foreseen consequences
B、ignoring unforeseen consequences
C、maximizzes unforeseen consequences
D、minimizes any consequences
6、The phrase "go Dutch" means:
A、spliting the cost
B、visiting a country
C、treating someone to dinner
D、having dinner individually
7、_______together consititude the components of cultural patterns.
A、Beliefs, values, norms and customs
B、Beliefs, values, concepts and practices
C、Behaviors, religions, norms and social practices
D、Beliefs, values, norms and social practices
8、The simplest definition of culture is a set of _______ within a group or society and institutional learned behavior.
A、values and norms
B、customs and concepts
C、rules and regulations
D、beliefs and behaviors
9、Guests to a Chinese family will never be allowed to do any housework to show ____
A、intimacy
B、generosity
C、friendliness
D、hospitality
10、Which one is not the characteristics of cultural values?
A、it is stable
B、it is changeable
C、it is hidden
D、it is interrelated
Unit 4 Cultural Values
1、案列分析：作为一名志愿者在美国的一所中学里已经工作7个月，刚来的时候，我觉得一切都很新鲜，什么都想学。可是最近我的情绪不高了，我越来越不喜欢这个国家了。 有一次聚会，我跟一个朋友说：我的英文不好。我其实是期望我的朋友说：你的英文很好，现在比刚来的时候进步多了。可没想到，我的朋友却说：是的，你的英文是不好，还要多练习，你们中国人说英文都不太地道。她还说：你戴眼镜的样子像一只麻雀。她的话让我心里很不舒服，心想：就你说的那两句中文，我还总说你中文说得好呢，我的英文比你的中文好多了。她是不是对中国人不友好。聚会快要结束时，我跟她要手机号，没想到她居然不给我。 上汉语课时，一个学生说她肚子疼，我就问她：你是不是拉肚子？没想到别的同学都笑起来，那个学生一下子就不高兴了。没过一会儿，一个学生居然学我不标准的英文发音。我在这里怎么一点尊严都没有呢？ 请分析上述材料反映出的中美文化价值观的差异。
2、《刮痧》是一部典型的体现东西方文化差异和冲突的影片，讲述了一个在传统中国文化熏陶下成长的中国人在美国生活中遇到的一些問题，其中有几个情节非常值得我们深入思考。电影开篇，男主人公许大同（梁家辉饰）的儿子与许大同老板昆丁（美国人）的儿子因为游戏打了架，许大同就让自己的孩子给老板的孩子道歉，并打了自己的孩子。之后许大同和老板说，这是为了给他面子，老板觉得很难理解。 许大同的儿子肚子疼，许大同的父亲采用了中医的治疗方法——刮痧，给孩子治病。后来他的孩子到医院看其他病时，被护士发现刮痧留下的瘀青，被认为受到虐待。 上述片段至少反映出哪些中美价值观的冲突，请简要介绍。
3、Bill had just arrived from the United States to study engineering at a Chinese university. In the first few days he met and moved in with his roommate Zemin. Over the next few days he noticed that female students on campus frequently walked arm-in-arm or even holding hands .He noticed, too, that students of both sexes, but especially the boys, would huddle around with close body contact. Bill felt rather uncomfortable and wondered how he would respond if one of his classmates were to put his arms around him… Question: Why did Bill feel uncomfortable?
4、Katherine came to Beijing in 1998 and found a job as an English teacher in a foreign language institute. Soon after her classes began, she found that her students showed no interest in her teaching style. She was feeling quite upset and discouraged so she decided to ask the Director, Prof. Wang who reviewed his timetable and suggested they meet at ten o` clock on Thursday morning. When Thursday came, Katherine arrived at Prof. Wang` office at the exactly ten o` clock finding him talking with another teacher in Chinese. Seeing that she had come, Prof. Wang smiled and gestured her to sit down. Katherine sat down and the professor excused himself and continued to talk with the other teacher. After five minutes, he finished his conversation, and apologized to Katherine, and began to focus his attention on her situation. Prof. Wang showed great concern and asked her what the problem was. Just as she was discussing her problem, another Chinese teacher interrupted, with a form that required the Director` s signature. The Director smiled, apologized to Katherine again, and turned to talk with the Chinese teacher in Chinese. Katherine became impatient, and wondered why their discussion should be interrupted since she had made an appointment. Also, she was upset and frustrated that they continued to speak Chinese in front of her. Although their talk continued, she was apparently unhappy about what had happened. Question： How would you explain the Director's behavior toward Katherine? How would you make the Director understand why Katherine felt frustrated and angry?
5、When my boss came into my office for the first time, I stood up immediately to show my respect. The boss misunderstood my behavior, thought I was going out, and said he would wait me in a while. I was accustomed to respecting all those in authority. For instance, at an academic conference, if some academic experts came in late, and unfortunately had to stand behind me, I would feel uncomfortable and offer my seat to him. On one occasion, I offered my seat to the Head of the Department of Internal Medicine. He said “Thanks” and sat down. During the conference, he kept turning around and looking at me, which made me feel ill at ease. When the conference was over, he came over and apologized to me, “I thought you were leaving the conference. You don?t have to offer me.” What can we know from this case?
Unit 5 Thinking Patterns in the East and West
quiz 5.1
1、Basically, the reason why one culture is different from another is _______
A、history
B、geography
C、people's place in this world
D、religion
2、____ deals with a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to man's perception about change and stability.
A、Cultural values
B、Power distance
C、Cultural dimension
D、Uncertainty avoidance
3、Which one is not the characteristic of East thinking pattern?
A、synthetic
B、circumspect
C、intuitive
D、concrete
4、The different thinking patterns between East's syntheis and West's analysis can be reflected in many ways except _______
A、Western medicine & Chinese medicine
B、painting
C、cooking
D、compliments
5、As to time orientation, generally speaking, the USA is _______, the Philippines, Mexico, and Latin America are_______, and Asia, Britain, Greece, France are_______.
A、On-time orientated; in-time oriented; late-time oriented
B、youth-oriented; adult-oriented; edlerly-oriented
C、future-oriented. present-oriented; past-oriented
D、present-oriented; future-oriented; past-oriented
6、M-time culture has the following features except_____
A、cutting time into bits
B、taking dealing seriously
C、scheduling one thing at one time
D、more human-centered
7、Which of the following is the typical American thought pattern?
A、Factual-inductive style
B、Axiomatic-deductive style
C、Intuitive-affective style
D、Associative niting style
8、Which of the following is not the typical Chinese way to organzie speech order____
A、causes before consequences
B、attitude goes first
C、deductive reasoning
D、facts and conditions go before attidute
9、In traditional Chinese medicine, doctors always treat human body as an organic whole. This practice represents _____
A、different cultural values
B、synthetical thinking pattern
C、analytical thinking pattern
D、concrete thinking pattern
10、Which of the following is the best translation of the sentence: I met with my middle shoolmate at the entrance of the theater at 7:30 yesterday evening, whom I haven't seen for years.
A、我的剧院门口遇到了我多年未加的中学同学，就在昨晚7点半的时候
B、昨晚7点半的时候，在剧院门口，我遇到了我中学同学，我们好多年没见了。
C、昨晚7点半的时候，在剧院门口，我遇到了多年不见的中学同学。
D、我有一个同学同学，好多年不见了，昨晚7点半的时候我们 在剧院门口相遇了
Unit 6 Verbal Communication
Unit 6 Verbal Communication
1、If we all speak the same language, we can communicate happily.
2、Our social norms are determined and never change.
3、Ranks in the armed forces like Capitain, Colonel can be used as titles.
4、Chinese hospitality toward the Westerners is always greatly appreciated.
5、Addressing forms like "Miss Mary,""Brown " by the Chinese may be a form of cultural compromise.
6、When doing a verbal communication, we must take into an account of the setting.
7、Direct communication style prevails in Chinese business as people tent to maintain harmony and try to save face.
8、In orde to have smooth communication, we should follow the principle of directness and politeness.
9、In verbal communication, what we say is as importanta as how we say.
10、If your American friend says: maybe we can meet someday, it is a true invitation.
Unit 6 Verbal Communication quiz 2
1、All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achieved may vary significantly.
2、Don't take offence--getting the form of address wrong is rarely intended to be offensive.
3、Addressing forms like "Miss Mary", "Brown" by the Chinese may be a form of cultural compromise.
4、Ranks in the armed ofrcds like Captain, Colonel can be used as titles.
5、Westerneers can understand what Uncle Policeman or P.L.A Uncle means.
6、We can address Jason Gouglas, who is a lawyer, as Lawyer Douglas.
7、Chinese hospitality toward the Westerners is always greatly appreciated.
8、The Chinese way of showing concern is usually apprecatiated by the Westerners.
9、"Thank you for coming" is a typical expression used by Western hosts when the guests just arrived.
10、"I am sorry to have wasted your time" or "I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time" are usually appropriate for the business visit.
11、Sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty may be considered as fishing for compliments.
12、The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same.
13、In informal situations, a large number of compliments are used to make people feel comfortable.
14、Adjectives and verbs are often used to convey compliment message in English, while adjectives, adverbs and verbs are often used in Chinese.
15、English compliments often begin with the word "you" while Chinese compliments often start with the word "I".
16、Chinese people give more compliments in daily life than Americans.
17、Compliments on other's belongings are sometimes an indirect way of request in American culture.
18、If a guest compliments something in another person's home, the Chinese host or hostess will probably give that thing to the guest.
19、Americans tend to be self-effacing in their compliment responses.
20、Both Chinese people and American people make phone call in the same way.
Unit 7 Nonverbal Communication
7.1 Body Language
1、The message sent without words are called_____communication.
A、nonvocal
B、vocal
C、nonverbal
D、verbal
2、The function of nonverbal communication doesn't include:
A、repeating
B、complementing
C、substituting
D、monitoring
3、He said: "That's great!", but with an angry face. It's a kind of _____
A、complementing
B、substiduting
C、contradicting
D、regulating
4、To show number eight, a person from____ will hold up his thumb and index finger.
A、France
B、China
C、America
D、the UK
5、Factors can influence nonverbal communication, which may include one's ____
A、age
B、cultural background
C、gender
D、education
6、Nonberbal communication includes the following but___
A、environmental laugage
B、talking topics
C、paralanguage
D、body language
7、"Thumb up" means number one in _______
A、China
B、Japan
C、Nigeria
D、UK
8、OK sign means zero in ______
A、France
B、Japan
C、Brazi
D、Germany
9、When pointing, people of _______prefer pointing wiht the thumb.
A、China
B、America
C、Nigeria
D、Malasysia
10、People kiss and hug when they greet or depart from each other, but only between______
A、strangers
B、family members
C、nodding acquaintance
D、different sexs
Unit 8 Social Customs and Interactions
Unit 8 Social Customs and Interactions
1、1. Which topic is more appropriate to discuss immediately after an introduction?
A、politics
B、religion
C、marital status
D、hobbies
2、2. When you are invited for the first time to the Browns' house and offered a cup of coffee, you____
A、should rise and receive it
B、should rise and say "thank you"
C、should make a slight rising movement
D、can remain seated and receive it with a smile and say "thank you"
3、When you are invited for a western meal, you are offered a second helping but you have already had enough. What wouly you say?
A、oh, thanks. That tastes awful.
B、No, I don't want that.
C、No, I don;t like it.
D、That was delicous but I've already had plenty, thanks.
4、Which one is not the religious festival in America?
A、New year
B、Valentine's Day
C、Halloween
D、Easter
5、For Americans, a friend means:
A、share everything
B、intimate
C、independent from each other
D、long-time relationship
6、For a formal dinner, how many courses are there in the West?
A、3
B、4
C、6
D、5
7、Guests invited to dinner in the west frequently bring ____of wine
A、only one bottle
B、two bottles
C、a dozen bottles
D、a pack
8、If you gave your American boss an expensive gift and he or she said: "I'm sorry. I really can't accept this gift." What would you do?
A、I will insist many times on giving the gift until he or she accepts it.
B、I can try to find out his or her reasons for not accepting the gift.
C、I can say: If you don't accept this gift, I'll be very angry.
D、I can tell him or her that gift is a good bargain which is not as expensive as he or she ecpects.
9、M-time culture has the following features except__________.
A、A) cutting time into bits
B、B) taking dealines seriously
C、C) scheduling one thing at a time
D、D) more human-centered
10、Which of the following is correct?
A、to borrow money for your American friend.
B、to visit a foreign friend, always expect a dinner.
C、to talk all the privacy with your American friend
D、to be a good friend, you should be independant as well.
Unit 9 Improving Intercultural Communicative Competence
Unit 9 Improving Intercultural Communicative Competence
1、Assimilation refers to the process in which individuals are absorbed into the dominant culture, adopting the cultural norms of the host culture over their original culture.
2、Separation occurs when individuals choose to reject both their native culture and the dominant host culture.
3、The term culture shock is used to describe the feelings of individuals when they encounter different social norms, values, beliefs, and ways of doing.
4、Any changes in climate, food, living condition, language, population, social roles can foster culture shock.
5、When international students try to adapt themselves to academic life, especially when the learning situation is new and distressing, transitional shock frequently happens.
6、Culture shock only leads to negative effects since it is a traumatic experience that an induvial may encounter when entering a different culture.
7、Adjusting to new culture is an ongoing process with many ups and downs.
8、To handle culture shock and adapt ourselves to the host culture, we should give up our social network in the home culture.
9、The following tipis can help us adapt to the new culture: assume the principle of difference, study the host culture and learn basic verbal and nonverbal language skills.
10、Stereotypes are always negative which may evoke conflicts in intercultural communication events.
学习通跨文化交际_12
跨文化交际是指不同文化之间的交流和互动。在全球化的今天，跨文化交际越来越重要，因为人们需要与来自不同文化背景的人交流和合作。在学习通平台上，可以学习和了解跨文化交际的重要性和技巧。在本篇文章中，我们将重点探讨学习通跨文化交际_12。
学习目标
- 了解跨文化交际的概念和重要性。
- 掌握跨文化交际的技巧和方法。
- 学会如何应对不同文化之间的差异。
学习内容
1. 文化差异的定义和分类
文化差异是指不同文化之间的差异。在跨文化交际中，文化差异是一个非常重要的问题，因为它可能会导致误解、冲突和不良后果。文化差异可以通过以下方式进行分类：
- 语言差异：不同的语言和语言使用方式。
- 行为差异：人们的行为和行为规范。
- 价值观差异：人们的信仰、态度和价值观念。
- 社会组织差异：社会组织和社会结构的差异。
2. 跨文化交际的技巧和方法
在跨文化交际中，有一些技巧和方法可以帮助我们更好地理解和应对文化差异：
- 了解文化差异：需要学习和了解不同文化之间的差异，以便更好地与人交流。
- 尊重差异：需要尊重不同文化之间的差异，不要评价或比较。
- 保持开放心态：需要保持开放的心态，接受和理解不同文化之间的差异。
- 注意非言语表达：需要注意非言语表达，如姿势、面部表情、眼神等。
- 避免使用行为上的障碍：需要避免使用行为上的障碍，如过度亲密、过于直接等。
3. 应对文化差异的方法
在跨文化交际中，可以采用以下方法来应对文化差异：
- 提前准备：了解目的地文化和礼仪，提前做好准备。
- 尊重他人：尊重目标文化的习俗和礼节，不要把自己的文化强加给对方。
- 理解和适应：理解对方文化的差异，适应对方的行为方式和行为规范。
- 沟通和解决问题：遇到文化差异问题时，需要及时沟通和解决问题，以免误解和不良后果。
总结
跨文化交际是一个非常重要的问题，在学习通平台上，可以学习和了解跨文化交际的技巧和方法。了解文化差异、尊重差异、保持开放心态、注意非言语表达、避免使用行为上的障碍等方法可以帮助我们更好地应对文化差异。通过提前准备、尊重他人、理解和适应、沟通和解决问题等方法，可以在跨文化交际中更加顺畅和有效。
