尔雅发育生物学章节答案(学习通2023课后作业答案)
56 min read尔雅发育生物学章节答案(学习通2023课后作业答案)
第二章测试
1、尔雅Which of the following is 发育a germ cell?
A、cells of the gonads
B、生物intestinal cells
C、学章习通sperm and eggs
D、节答zygotes
2、案学Which of the following basic developmental processes is 课后most dependent on cellular movements?
A、cell differentiation
B、作业growth
C、答案morphogenesis
D、尔雅pattern formation
3、发育A morphogen is
A、生物a cell or group of cells that signal other cells to become determined in a specific way
B、学章习通a gene that causes a cell or group of cells to adopt a particular shape
C、节答a signaling molecule that causes the differentiation of neighboring cells
D、案学a signaling molecule that confers concentration-dependent positional information
4、What distinguishes stem cells from other cell types?
A、Although all cell types can divide, only stem cells differentiate after division.
B、Stem cells are able to divide to produce populations of cells that differentiate into a related set of cells.
C、Stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to one daughter cell that remains a stem cell, and a second daughter cell that differentiates into one or more cell types.
D、Stem cells have a special type of cell division in which they form small stems that then pinch off to give rise to the daughter cell.
第二章作业
1、The Greek philosopher Aristotle considered two opposing theories for development: preformation and epigenesis. Describe what is meant by these two ideas.
2、The Greek philosopher Aristotle considered two opposing theories for development: preformation（先成论） and epigenesis（后成论）. Describe what is meant by these two ideas.
第三章 脊椎动物生命周期和发育概要
第三章测试
1、Which of the following is a vertebrate 'model organism' used in the study of development?
A、Drosophila melanogaster
B、Homo sapiens
C、Caenorhabditis elegans
D、Xenopus laevis
2、The nervous system, heart, and liver are derived from ( ), ( ), and ( ), respectively.
A、all are derived from mesoderm
B、ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
C、endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
D、mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm
第四章 体轴建立
第四章测试
1、The 'organizer' in Xenopus is responsible for
A、inducing a mesodermal fate in nearby cells
B、helping to pattern the mesoderm along the dorso-ventral axis
C、specifying the dorsal region of the embryo
D、all of these events
2、A key factor that specifies the organizer in Xenopus embryos is:
A、GSK-3β
B、Fz7
C、Wnt-11
D、β-catenin
3、Maternal factors are
A、the energy-rich yolk present in the eggs of many species
B、the genes contributed to the embryo by the maternal haploid genome
C、the genes expressed by the zygotic genome in the egg
D、developmentally active mRNAs and proteins packaged into the egg by the mother
4、The positioning of the dorso-ventral axis in Xenopus is deter mined by ( ), while the positioning of the antero-posterior axis in chicks is deternined by ( ).
A、gravity; point of sperm entry
B、maternal factors in both cases
C、position in the egg chamber; gravity
D、the point of sperm entry; gravity
第五章 胚层来源和特化
第五章测试
1、If cells from the animal pole of a Xenopus blastula (animal cap cells) are placed in direct contact with cells from the vegetal region, what is the result?
A、An embryo forms with only ectodermal and endodermal derivatives.
B、Animal cap cells are induced by the vegetal cells to form meso dermal derivatives.
C、The embryo regulates and forms a normal embryo.
D、Vegetal hemisphere cells are induced by the animal cap cells to form mesodermal derivatives.
2、Vg-1, Nodals, BMPs and activin are all members of which family of signaling molecules?
A、FGF
B、Hedgehog
C、TGF-β
D、Wnt
3、The Brachury protein is
A、an early marker of the mesoderm
B、an early marker of the endoderm
C、expressed throughout the ectoderm
D、only expressed after gastrulation
4、Endoderm and mesoderm are specified in the zebrafish blastoderm by
A、signals from the shield region
B、maternal signaling molecules laid down in the egg
C、a gradient of β-catenin signaling
D、a gradient of Nodal signaling
第六章 体节
第六章测试
1、Somites will give rise to
A、heart and blood
B、internal organs of the abdomen
C、the vertebral column and skeletal muscles
D、the spinal cord
2、Somite formation in chicks proceeds
A、from anterior to posterior, as Hensen's node retreats
B、from posterior to anterior, as the primitive streak elongates
C、from the dorsal midline outward, into lateral plate
D、simultaneously along the axis
3、Hox genes that are expressed more anteriorly comprise Hox genes
A、with all possible numbers and letters, since there is no system tic relationship between the gene designations and the expression patterns of the Hox genes
B、with higher numbers, such as Hoxa13
C、with letters, so that anterior genes are Hoxa1-13, and posterior genes are Hoxp1-13
D、with lower numbers, such as Hoxa1.
4、Neural crest cells will contribute to which tissues or structures?
A、melanocytes in the skin
B、mesoderm of the face and skulll
C、peripheral nervous system
D、all of these
第六章作业
1、请简述Hox基因的作用。
第七章 细胞分化与干细胞
第七章测试
1、The many different cell types in the blood of an adult mammal are derived from
A、a single type of multipotent stem cell found in the bone marrow
B、differentiated cells that first developed in the fetal liver, but now reside in the bone marrow
C、division of differentiated cell types while circulating in the blood
D、stem cells that became committed to each specific blood celll type during embryonic development
2、The stem cells responsible for renewal of the keratinocytes of the skin are found in which layer of the epidermis?
A、basal lanina
B、basal layer
C、dermis
D、keratinocyte layer
3、The introduction of myoD into fibroblasts will cause
A、apoptosis
B、commitment to the mveloid lineage
C、differentiation into muscle cells
D、formation of red blood cells
4、Differentiation, as opposed to determination, of muscle cells is dependent on
A、Mrf4
B、Myf5
C、MyoD
D、myogenin
第八章 器官形成-附肢
第八章测试
1、Removal of the apical ectodermal ridge of a limb bud leads to
A、continued development of the proximal structures, but no formation of new distal structures
B、degeneration of the limb bud
C、regeneration of a new apical ridge from adjacent epidermal tissue
D、regeneration of the entire limb bud from underlying mesoderm
2、Grafting of a second polarizing region into the anterior region of a limb bud results in
A、formation of additional digits in mirror symmetry with the nor mal digits
B、formation of a second limb bud at the site of the graft
C、formation of new digits that lack any specific identity
D、formation of new digits, but only those of anterior identity
3、The programmed cell death that separates the digits is dependent upon which signaling pathway?
A、BMP
B、FGF
C、Shh
D、Wnt
第八章作业
1、以附肢为例说明器官形成过程。
第九章 生长-发育
第九章测试
1、Growth is stimulated by which signaling molecules?
A、insulin
B、IGF-1 and -2
C、FGF
D、all of these may stimulate growth
2、Growth in the length of long bones in vertebrates occurs in the
A、diaphysis
B、epiphysis
C、growth plate
D、ossification centers
3、Which of the following statements is true?
A、The genes involved in cancer are all classed as oncogenes.
B、All genes involved in cancer are of a class called tumor suppressor genes.
C、Both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are involved in cancer.
D、No unifying classifications can be applied to the genes involved in cancer.
第十章 再生
第十章测试
1、Epimorphosis is regeneration through
A、repatterning of existing cells without a requirement for new growth, as occurs in Hydra
B、repatterning of existing cells without a requirement for new growth, as occurs in newts
C、the reinitiation of division in existing cells and new growth, followed by patterning, as occurs in newts
D、the reinitiation of division in existing cells and new growth, followed by patterning, as occurs in Hydra.
2、If the nerve supply to a newt limb is severed before amputation, how will this affect regeneration?
A、A blastema will form but will not grow, and regeneration will fail.
B、No regeneration occurs, and the stump heals over as it would in a mammal.
C、Outgrowth will occur, but the identity of the limb will be lost and normal proximo-distal patterning will not occur.
D、Regeneration of most tissues will occur normally, but regeneration of the nerves will not occur.
第十一章 衰老
第十一章测试
1、Which signaling pathway seems to play a role in aging in several different animals, from worms to mice?
A、ecdysone
B、FGF
C、Hiррo
D、insulin/IGF-1
2、Which of the following is consistent with a model for aging in which stresses leading to DNA damage cause senescence?
A、Werner's syndrome is a premature aging illness, possibly caused by a defect in DNA repair.
B、Dietary restriction in mammals reduces the production of DNA damaging free radicals in the mitochondria.
C、Senescent cells in culture that have stopped dividing often express p21 and p16, proteins that are normally activated in response to DNA damage.
D、All of these facts are consistent with a model for aging based on DNA damage.
第十二章 进化与发育
第十二章测试
1、The horse's hoof is homologous to human
A、fingers or toes
B、humerus
C、radius and ulna
D、wrist bones
2、In humans, the branchial arches are
A、embryonic gill slits, reflecting our evolution from fish
B、embryonic precursors to gills, which do not continue to develop in humans
C、embryonic precursors to structures predominantly in the jaw
D、embryonic structures that develop into the ribs
发育生物学 - 考试
发育生物学SPOC 期末考试
1、Which is true?
A、Bat wings evolved from bird wings
B、Ears evolved from jaws
C、Insects evolved from crustaceans
D、Limbs evolved from fins
2、Which statement best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
A、'Genotype' and 'phenotype' both describe the physical properties of cells and organisms, just using different words or symbols.
B、Phenotype is entirely the consequence of a cell's genotype, which is why we now recognize the principle of 'genetic determinism.
C、The genes found in a cell are that cell's genotype, and genes directly control a cell's phenotype.
D、The genotype determines what proteins a cell contains, and the proteins in turn determine the cell's properties, or phenotype.
3、Which would qualify as a dominant allele of a gene?
A、an allele that confers a phenotype on the organism when heterozygous; that is, when present in only one copy
B、an allele that confers a phenotype only when both copies of the gene are mutant; that is, when homozygous
C、an allele that is commonly found in wild populations, as opposed to alleles found in laboratory strains or when a pathological condition is present
D、an allele that confers a normal phenotype under some conditions, but confers a different, mutant phenotype when conditions such as elevated temperature are present
4、Which term could be used to refer to a segment of DNA?
A、cis-regulatory module
B、differential gene expression
C、gene regulatory protein
D、transcription factor
5、The nervous system, heart, and liver are derived from ( ), ( ), and ( ), respectively.
A、all are derived from mesoderm
B、ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
C、endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
D、mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm
6、The 'organizer' in Xenopus is responsible for
A、inducing a mesodermal fate in nearby cells
B、helping to pattern the mesoderm along the dorso-ventral axis
C、specifying the dorsal region of the embryo
D、all of these events
7、If cells from the animal pole of a Xenopus blastula (animal cap cells) are placed in direct contact with cells from the vegetal region, what is the result?
A、An embryo forms with only ectodermal and endodermal derivatives.
B、Animal cap cells are induced by the vegetal cells to form meso dermal derivatives.
C、The embryo regulates and forms a normal embryo.
D、Vegetal hemisphere cells are induced by the animal cap cells to form mesodermal derivatives.
8、Oct4
A、is expressed in the trophectoderm of the mouse blastocyst.
B、is expressed in the inner cell mass of the mouse blastocyst.
C、is a signaling molecule that induces pluripotency.
D、is a mouse-specific gene.
9、ES cells are
A、cells isolated from teratocarcinomas.
B、embryonic stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of the mammalian embryo.
C、epidermal stem cells found in the basal layer of the epidermis.
D、human stem cells generated by treatment of mature cell types with a specific combination of transcription factors.
10、Which of the following cocktails of transcription factors, aka Yamanaka factors, can be used to generate iPS cells?
A、Oct4, Nanog, Smad and Cdx2
B、Gata4, Nanog, Gli and Cdx2
C、Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and Myc
D、Oct4, Sox2, Gata4 and Rb
11、Removal of the apical ectodermal ridge of a limb bud leads to
A、continued development of the proximal structures, but no formation of new distal structures
B、degeneration of the limb bud
C、regeneration of a new apical ridge from adjacent epidermal tissue
D、regeneration of the entire limb bud from underlying mesoderm
12、Growth is stimulated by which signaling molecules?
A、insulin
B、IGF-1 and -2
C、FGF
D、all of these may stimulate growth
13、If the nerve supply to a newt limb is severed before amputation, how will this affect regeneration?
A、A blastema will form but will not grow, and regeneration will fail.
B、No regeneration occurs, and the stump heals over as it would in a mammal.
C、Outgrowth will occur, but the identity of the limb will be lost and normal proximo-distal patterning will not occur.
D、Regeneration of most tissues will occur normally, but regeneration of the nerves will not occur.
14、Which signaling pathway seems to play a role in aging in several different animals, from worms to mice?
A、ecdysone
B、FGF
C、Hiррo
D、insulin/IGF-1
学习通发育生物学
发育生物学是生物学的一个分支，研究生物体形态、功能变化的过程，包括细胞分化、组织形成、器官发育、生殖发育等方面。
学什么
发育生物学的学习内容主要包括以下几个方面：
- 细胞分化：研究细胞如何分化为不同类型的细胞。
- 组织形成：研究细胞如何组合成各种类型的组织。
- 器官发育：研究不同器官的形成过程。
- 生殖发育：研究生物繁殖过程中的发育变化。
- 遗传学：研究基因的遗传规律。
学习方法
学习通发育生物学需要掌握以下学习方法：
- 理解基础概念：学习发育生物学需要理解细胞、基因等基础概念。
- 多看图多做实验：发育生物学是一门实验科学，需要多看图、多做实验，才能深入理解。
- 多思考：学习发育生物学需要多思考，从不同角度去理解问题。
- 及时总结：学习发育生物学需要及时总结，将所学知识整理成笔记。
学习难点
学习通发育生物学的难点主要包括以下几个方面：
- 生物体发育过程复杂：生物体发育过程十分复杂，需要从多个角度去理解。
- 实验操作要求高：发育生物学的实验操作要求高，需要精细的技巧。
- 理论知识多：发育生物学的理论知识丰富，需要花费大量时间去学习。
学习体会
学习通发育生物学的过程中，我深刻感受到，理论和实践相结合，才能真正理解这门科学。在学习过程中，我多看图、多做实验，同时也及时总结笔记，这样才能更好的掌握所学知识。同时，我也发现，理论知识虽然重要，但实践操作同样不可忽视，通过实验操作，我更深入地理解了所学知识。
总之，学习发育生物学需要耐心和毅力，需要多看图、多做实验、多思考，才能真正理解这门学科。
钻孔灌注桩施工时，导管埋入混凝土中的深度不应大于（ ）m
A.新康德主义认为物自体只能靠信仰把握。
B.离心泵盘车的目的是为避免轴因自重发生弯曲变形。
C.半径为r的长直导线, 均匀地通过电流I, 则该导线单位长度所储存的总磁能（ ）
D.在A与n相等时，（P/A，20%，n）和（P/A，30%，n）这两者的大小为
心理文化学与其他研究人类行为学说的差异
A.对于闭式硬齿面齿轮传动，宜取较少齿数以增大模数，其目的是________。
B.人类自然生物向现代人类转变的基础或标志是()
C.能直接与CPU交换信息的存储器是（ ）。
D.下列哪种方式是用类选择器定义样式的( )。
若a2＝80，b2＝95则函数＝or
A.同样竖向荷载作用下的拱和梁，竖向支反力是不一样的。 （ ）
B.废气再循环控制系统部件主要有_____、____和______等。
C.下列有肾病综合症的护理措施错误的是
D.抗体亲和力成熟发生在B细胞体细胞高频突变以后。
做好农产品电商的关键因素有：产品选择、销售渠道、物流和售后服务。
A.由于高能量膳食中蛋白质的供给量增加，易出现负钙平衡，故应及时补充钙。
B.用于确定运动员的代表单位和参赛资格的凭证是
C.港澳台原有和生活方式长期不变
D.浮躁心态其实是一种病态心理表现，其特点有（）。
测量水位的仪器有 （ ）。
A.有机磷酸酯类的中毒原理是
B.维生素B2缺乏主要的临床表现为眼.口腔和皮肤的炎症反应。
C.承压型高强度螺栓比摩擦型高强度螺栓（）。
D.He asked ________ with me
AC 曲线呈 U 型特征是（ ）作用的结果。
A.“水里飘枣”图“早生贵子”的吉利。
B.有支撑基坑开挖的原则包括（ ）。
C.报纸广告制作一般没有哪项要求（ ）
D.下列属于魏源的思想主张的有( )。
下列有关沉淀反应第二阶段的说法中，错误的是：
A.one of the ethnocentric attitudes is
B.下列概念属于模糊概念的是（ ）
C.情态补语前一般不再使用描写类的词语。
D.生态文明的核心是坚持人与自然和谐共生。
一般动物在卵巢表面任何部位都可以排卵，但马仅限于排卵窝处。
A.大西洋中脊被一系列与中脊轴线相垂直的横向断裂所切割，这些断裂属于
B.请问老师提到黄婵的花朵有几瓣
C.consider the of
D.移动床和逆流吸收塔相似的本质是什么
三能级系统中，被从基态抽运至激发态的粒子，将很快落入______态。
A.产生了特征X射线现象的是
B.电子计算机发展至今总体上经历了四次更新换代，其分代主要依据电子器件来划分的。
C.龚贤，字_______ ，昆山人，久居南京（金陵）清凉山。
D.树立正确的荣辱观，要做到（）
关于职场习惯正确的说法是。
A.没资本主义就没有现在的()。
B.关于番茄马铃薯,正确的说法是什么
C.苹果的果实在植物学上称梨果，属于假果，又属于肉果
D.DC town的定位是()
玉米中所含的烟酸为结合型,不能为人体吸收利用。()
A.下列情况下，用人单位应当支付给劳动者经济补偿金的是
B.下列各组中，两个都是词的是（ ）
C.财务杠杆是通过扩大销售影响息税前利润的。
D.辐射功能就是企业对社会的影响。（ ）
《红高粱》这部电影的导演是（）
A.下列哪一种肾脏疾病肾组织免疫荧光检查在肾小球内找不到免疫球蛋白和补体的沉积：
B.一家网站通常会遵循20%定律，也就是说20%的付费用户是网站的所有收入来源。
C.非税收入的特点包括（ ）。
D.本课程所介绍的知识既包含现代TRIZ理论，又包含经典TRIZ理论。
铰链四杆机构中,传动角越小,机构的传力性能越好。（ ）
A.时尚型属于曲线型女性个人风格。
B.某一时刻某杆件的材料处于线弹性状态，以下说法中正确的是( )
C.关于缓刑，下列哪一选项是正确的
D.哈夫曼树是______________
甲型肝炎急性患者一般自发病之日起隔离( )
A.目前发现有记载官式建筑规则的书籍有哪些
B.商务型酒店的说法不正确的
C.在Adobe Photoshop软件中，全部选取的快捷键是（ ）。
D.上式为薄荷醇的结构式，理论上所具有的立体异构体数目应为:
