mooc西方经济学_7课后答案(mooc2023课后作业答案)

分类：数学答案发布于：2024-06-02 13:31:05ė39075次浏览682条评论

mooc西方经济学_7课后答案(mooc2023课后作业答案)

第二篇供给与需求I：市场如何运行

单元测验2：第二篇（供给与需求：市场如何运行）

1、西方学课In a market economy,经济 supply and demand determine
A、both the quantity of each good produced and the price at which it is 后答后作sold.
B、the quantity of each good produced but not the price at which it is 案m案sold.
C、the price at which each good is 业答sold but not the quantity of each good produced.
D、neither the quantity of each good produced nor the price at which it is 西方学课sold.

2、The经济 quantity demanded of a good is the amount that buyers are
A、willing to purchase.
B、后答后作willing and able to purchase.
C、案m案willing,业答 able, and need to purchase.
D、able to purchase.

3、西方学课A decrease in quantity demanded
A、经济results in a movement downward and to the right along a demand curve.
B、后答后作results in a movement upward and to the left along a demand curve.
C、案m案shifts the demand curve to the left.
D、业答shifts the demand curve to the right.

4、Adam Smith suggested that an invisible had guides market economies. In this analogy, what is the baton that the invisible hand uses to conduct the economic orchestra?
A、the government
B、prices
C、subsidies
D、the Federal Reserve

5、Elasticity is
A、a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions.
B、the study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being.
C、the maximum amount that a buyer will pay for a good.
D、the value of everything a seller must give up to produce a good.

6、Suppose there is a 6 percent increase in the price of good X and a resulting 6 percent decrease in the quantity of X demanded. Price elasticity of demand for X is
A、0.
B、1.
C、6.
D、36.

7、Goods with many close substitutes tend to have
A、more elastic demands.
B、less elastic demands.
C、price elasticities of demand that are unit elastic.
D、income elasticities of demand that are negative.

8、If two goods are substitutes, their cross-price elasticity will be
A、positive.
B、negative.
C、zero.
D、equal to the difference between the income elasticities of demand for the two goods.

9、A price ceiling is binding when it is set
A、above the equilibrium price, causing a shortage.
B、above the equilibrium price, causing a surplus.
C、below the equilibrium price, causing a shortage.
D、below the equilibrium price, causing a surplus.

10、If the government wants to reduce smoking, it should impose a tax on
A、buyers of cigarettes.
B、sellers of cigarettes.
C、either buyers or sellers of cigarettes.
D、whichever side of the market is less elastic.

11、If something happens to alter the quantity demanded at any given price, then the demand curve shifts.

12、If orange juice and apple juice are substitutes, an increase in the price of orange juice will shift the demand curve for apple juice to the left.

13、In general, demand curves for necessities tend to be price elastic.

14、Price elasticity of demand along a linear, downward-sloping demand curve increases as price falls.

15、When demand is inelastic, a decrease in price increases total revenue.

16、Normal goods have negative income elasticities of demand, while inferior goods have positive income elasticities of demand.

17、At the equilibrium price, the quantity that buyers want to buy exactly equals the quantity that sellers want to sell.

18、The effects of rent control in the long run include lower rents and lower-quality housing.

19、Not all sellers benefit from a binding price floor.

20、Who bears the majority of a tax burden depends on whether the tax is placed on the buyers or the sellers.

第三篇供给与需求II：市场与福利

单元测验3：第三篇（供给与需求II：市场与福利）

1、Welfare economics is the study of
A、taxes and subsidies.
B、how technology is best put to use in the production of goods and services.
C、government welfare programs for needy people.
D、how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being.

2、Consumer surplus is
A、the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually pays for it.
B、the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the cost of producing the good.
C、the amount by which the quantity supplied of a good exceeds the quantity demanded of the good.
D、a buyer's willingness to pay for a good plus the price of the good.

3、If a consumer places a value of $20 on a particular good and if the price of the good is $25, then the
A、consumer has consumer surplus of $5 if he buys the good.
B、consumer does not purchase the good.
C、price of the good will rise due to market forces.
D、market is out of equilibrium.

4、If Gina sells a shirt for $40, and her producer surplus from the sale is $32, her cost must have been
A、$72.
B、$32.
C、$8.
D、We would have to know the consumer surplus in order to make this determination.

5、Inefficiency exists in an economy when a good is
A、not being consumed by buyers who value it most highly.
B、not distributed fairly among buyers.
C、not produced because buyers do not value it very highly.
D、being produced with less than all available resources.

6、When a tax is imposed on a good, the
A、supply curve for the good always shifts.
B、demand curve for the good always shifts.
C、amount of the good that buyers are willing to buy at each price always remains unchanged.
D、equilibrium quantity of the good always decreases.

7、Taxes cause deadweight losses because they
A、lead to losses in surplus for consumers and for producers that, when taken together, exceed tax revenue collected by the government.
B、distort incentives to both buyers and sellers.
C、prevent buyers and sellers from realizing some of the gains from trade.
D、All of the answers are correct.

8、The deadweight loss from a $3 tax will be largest in a market with
A、inelastic supply and elastic demand.
B、inelastic supply and inelastic demand.
C、elastic supply and elastic demand.
D、elastic supply and inelastic demand.

9、The before-trade price of fish in Denmark is $10.00 per pound. The world price of fish is $6.00 per pound. Denmark is a price-taker in the fish market. If Denmark begins to allow trade in fish, its consumers of fish will become
A、better off, its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become better off.
B、worse off, its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become worse off.
C、worse off, its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become worse off.
D、better off, its producers of fish will become worse off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become better off.

10、Suppose Iran imposes a tariff on lumber. For the tariff to have any effect, it must be the case that
A、Iran is an exporter of lumber.
B、the domestic quantity of lumber supplied exceeds the domestic quantity of lumber demanded at the world price without the tariff.
C、the world price without the tariff is less than the price of lumber without trade.
D、the world price without the tariff is greater than the price of lumber without trade.

11、Which of the following is correct?
A、Consumer surplus refers to a situation in which there are more buyers than sellers in a market.
B、Producer surplus refers to a situation in which there are more sellers than buyers in a market
C、Total surplus is measured as the area below the demand curve and above the supply curve, up to the equilibrium quantity
D、All the answers are correct.

12、If an allocation of resources is efficient, then
A、consumer surplus is maximized
B、producer surplus is maximized.
C、all potential gains from trade among buyers are sellers are being realized
D、the allocation achieves equality as well.

13、The "invisible hand" refers to
A、the marketplace guiding the self-interests of market participants into promoting general economic well-being.
B、the fact that social planners sometimes have to intervene, even in perfectly competitive markets, to make those markets more efficient.
C、the equality that results from market forces allocating the goods produced in the market.
D、the automatic maximization of consumer surplus in free markets.

14、Suppose that the equilibrium price in the market for widgets is $5. If a law increased the minimum legal price for widgets to $6,
A、the resulting increase in consumer surplus would be larger than any possible loss of producer surplus.
B、the resulting increase in consumer surplus would be smaller than any possible loss of producer surplus.
C、any possible increase in producer surplus would be larger than the loss of consumer surplus.
D、any possible increase in producer surplus would be smaller than the loss of consumer surplus.

15、If a market is allowed to adjust freely to its equilibrium price and quantity, then an increase in demand will
A、increase producer surplus.
B、reduce producer surplus.
C、not affect producer surplus.
D、Any answer is possible.

16、Inefficiency can be caused in a market by the presence of
A、market power.
B、externalities.
C、imperfectly competitive markets.
D、All the answers are correct.

17、Market failure is the inability of
A、buyers to interact harmoniously with sellers in the market.
B、a market to establish an equilibrium price.
C、buyers to place a value on the good or service.
D、some unregulated markets to allocate resources efficiently

18、If the current allocation of resources in the market for hammers is inefficient, then it must be the case that
A、producer surplus exceeds consumer surplus in the market for hammers.
B、consumer surplus exceeds producer surplus in the market for hammers
C、the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus could be increased by moving to a different allocation of resources.
D、the costs that sellers of hammers are incurring could be reduced by moving to a different allocation of resources.

19、Coffee and tea are substitutes. Bad weather that sharply reduces the coffee bean harvest would
A、increase consumer surplus in the market for coffee and decrease producer surplus in the market for tea.
B、increase consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market for tea.
C、decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market for tea.
D、decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and decrease producer surplus in the market for tea.

20、Many economists believe that restrictions against ticket scalping result in each of the following except
A、a smaller audience for cultural and sporting events.
B、shorter lines at cultural and sporting events.
C、less tax revenue for the state.
D、an increase in ticket prices.

21、Consumer surplus is the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually has to pay for it.

22、Consumer surplus measures the benefit to buyers of participating in a market.

23、Consumer surplus can be measured as the area between the demand curve and the equilibrium price.

24、Consumer surplus can be measured as the area between the demand curve and the supply curve

25、All else equal, an increase in supply will cause an increase in consumer surplus

26、All else equal, an increase in demand will always increase consumer surplus

27、All else equal, an increase in demand will cause an increase in producer surplus

28、All else equal, a decrease in demand will cause an increase in producer surplus

29、The area below the price and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market.

30、All else equal, a decrease in demand will cause an increase in producer surplus.

31、The area below the price and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market

32、The area below the demand curve and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market.

33、If the government imposes a binding price ceiling in a market, then the producer surplus in that market will increase.

34、The lower the price, the lower the producer surplus, all else equal.

35、Economists generally believe that, although there may be advantages to society from ticket-scalping, the costs to society of this activity outweigh the benefits.

36、Economists argue that restrictions against ticket scalping actually drive up the cost of many tickets.

37、Efficiency is related to the size of the economic pie, whereas equality is related to how the pie gets sliced and distributed

38、The current policy on kidney donation effectively sets a price ceiling of zero.

39、If a market is in equilibrium, then it is impossible for a social planner to raise economic welfare by increasing or decreasing the quantity of the good

40、Unless markets are perfectly competitive, they may fail to maximize the total benefits to buyers and sellers.

第五篇企业行为与产业组织

单元测验5：第五篇（企业成本及完全竞争市场）

1、A firm has market power if it can
A、maximize profits
B、minimize costs.
C、influence the market price of the good it sells.
D、hire as many workers as it needs at the prevailing wage rate

2、A book store that has market power can
A、influence the market price for the books it sells.
B、minimize costs more efficiently than its compes.
C、reduce its advertising budget more so than its compes.
D、ignore profit-maximizing strategies when setting the price for its books.

3、The analysis of competitive firms sheds light on the decisions that lie behind the
A、demand curve.
B、supply curve.
C、way firms make pricing decisions in the not-for-profit sector of the economy.
D、way financial markets set interest rates

4、For any competitive market, the supply curve is closely related to the
A、preferences of consumers who purchase products in that market.
B、income tax rates of consumers in that market.
C、firms’ costs of production in that market
D、interest rates on government bonds

5、Suppose a firm in each of the two markets listed below were to increase its price by 20 percent. In which pair would the firm in the first market listed experience a dramatic decline in sales, but the firm in the second market listed would not?
A、corn and soybeans
B、gasoline and restaurants
C、water and cable television
D、spiral notebooks and college textbooks

6、Suppose a firm in each of the two markets listed below were to increase its price by 30 percent. In which pair would the firm in the first market listed experience a dramatic decline in sales, but the firm in the second market listed would not?
A、oil and natural gas
B、cable television and gasoline
C、restaurants and MP3 players
D、movie theaters and ballpoint pens

7、A key characteristic of a competitive market is that
A、government antitrust laws regulate competition
B、producers sell nearly identical products.
C、firms minimize total costs.
D、firms have price setting power.

8、Which of the following is not a characteristic of a competitive market?
A、Buyers and sellers are price takers.
B、Each firm sells a virtually identical product.
C、Entry is limited
D、Each firm chooses an output level that maximizes profits.

9、Which of the following is a characteristic of a competitive market?
A、There are many buyers but few sellers.
B、Firms sell differentiated products.
C、There are many barriers to entry.
D、Buyers and sellers are price takers.

10、Who is a price taker in a competitive market?
A、buyers only
B、sellers only
C、both buyers and sellers
D、neither buyers nor sellers

11、Competitive markets are characterized by
A、a small number of buyers and sellers.
B、unique products.
C、the interdependence of firms.
D、free entry and exit by firms.

12、A firm that has little ability to influence market prices operates in a
A、competitive market.
B、strategic market.
C、thin market
D、power market.

13、Because the goods offered for sale in a competitive market are largely the same,
A、there will be few sellers in the market.
B、there will be few buyers in the market.
C、only a few buyers will have market power.
D、sellers will have little reason to charge less than the going market price.

14、Which of the following is not a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?
A、Firms are price takers
B、Firms have difficulty entering the market.
C、There are many sellers in the market.
D、Goods offered for sale are largely the same.

15、Which of the following is not a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?
A、Firms are price takers.
B、Firms can freely enter the market.
C、Many firms have market power.
D、Goods offered for sale are largely the same.

16、Free entry means that
A、the government pays any entry costs for individual firms.
B、no legal barriers prevent a firm from entering an industry.
C、a firm's marginal cost is zero.
D、a firm has no fixed costs in the short run.

17、Which of the following industries is most likely to exhibit the characteristic of free entry?
A、nuclear power
B、municipal water and sewer
C、dairy farming
D、airport security

18、Which of the following industries is least likely to exhibit the characteristic of free entry?
A、restaurants
B、municipal water and sewer
C、soybean farming
D、selling running apparel

19、When buyers in a competitive market take the selling price as given, they are said to be
A、market entrants.
B、monopolists.
C、free riders.
D、price takers.

20、Why does a firm in a competitive industry charge the market price?
A、If a firm charges less than the market price, it loses potential revenue.
B、If a firm charges more than the market price, it loses all its customers to other firms.
C、The firm can sell as many units of output as it wants to at the market price.
D、All the choices are correct.

21、For a firm operating in a perfectly competitive industry, total revenue, marginal revenue, and average revenue are all equal.

22、If a firm charges more than the market price, it loses all its customers to other firms.

23、If a firm notices that its average revenue equals the current market price, that firm must be participating in a competitive market.

24、For a firm operating in a competitive market, both marginal revenue and average revenue exceed the market price.

25、A profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market will increase production when average revenue exceeds marginal cost.

26、A profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market will decrease production when marginal cost exceeds average revenue

27、Because there are many buyers and sellers in a perfectly competitive market, no one seller can influence the market price

28、When an individual firm in a competitive market increases its production, it is likely that the market price will fall.

29、When an individual firm in a competitive market decreases its production, it is likely that the market price will rise.

30、In a competitive market, firms are unable to differentiate their product from that of other producers

31、Firms in a competitive market are said to be price takers because there are many sellers in the market, and the goods offered by the firms are very similar if not identical.

32、The two characteristics of a competitive market are 1) many buyers and sellers in the market and 2) the goods offered by the various sellers are highly differentiated.

33、Firms operating in perfectly competitive markets try to maximize profits.

34、A firm's incentive to compare marginal revenue and marginal cost is an application of the principle that rational people think at the margin.

35、Firms operating in perfectly competitive markets produce an output level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.

36、A firm is currently producing 100 units of output per day. The manager reports to the owner that producing the 100th unit costs the firm $5. The firm can sell the 100th unit for $4.75. The firm should continue to produce 100 units in order to maximize its profits (or minimize its losses).

37、A firm is currently producing 100 units of output per day. The manager reports to the owner that producing the 100th unit costs the firm $5. The firm can sell the 100th unit for $5. The firm should continue to produce 100 units in order to maximize its profits (or minimize its losses).

38、All firms maximize profits by producing an output level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost; for firms operating in perfectly competitive industries, maximizing profits also means producing an output level where price equals marginal cost.

39、A firm operating in a perfectly competitive industry will continue to operate in the short run but earn losses if the market price is less than that firm’s average total cost but greater than the firm’s average variable cost.

40、A firm operating in a perfectly competitive industry will continue to operate in the short run but earn losses if the market price is less than that firm’s average variable cost but greater than the firm’s average fixed cost.

单元测验6：第五篇（非完全竞争市场）

1、Which of the following statements about oligopolies is not correct?
A、An oligopolistic market has only a few sellers.
B、The actions of any one seller can have a large impact on the profits of all other sellers.
C、Oligopolistic firms are interdependent in a way that competitive firms are not.
D、Unlike monopolies and monopolistically competitive markets, oligopolies prices do not exceed their marginal revenues

2、In the language of game theory, a situation in which each person must consider how others might respond to his or her own actions is called a
A、quantifiable situation.
B、cooperative situation.
C、strategic situation.
D、tactical situation.

3、In general, game theory is the study of
A、how people behave in strategic situations
B、how people behave when the possible actions of other people are irrelevant.
C、oligopolistic markets.
D、all types of markets, including competitive markets, monopolistic markets, and oligopolistic markets.

4、Which of the following statements is correct?
A、Strategic situations are more likely to arise when the number of decision-makers is very large rather than very small.
B、Strategic situations are more likely to arise in monopolistically competitive markets than in oligopolistic markets.
C、Game theory is useful in understanding certain business decisions, but it is not really applicable to ordinary games such as chess or tic-tac-toe.
D、Game theory is not necessary for understanding competitive or monopoly markets.

5、In which of the following markets are strategic interactions among firms most likely to occur?
A、markets to which patent and copyright laws apply
B、the market for piano lessons
C、the market for tennis balls
D、the market for corn

6、Game theory is important for understanding which of the following market types?
A、perfectly competitive and oligopolistic markets
B、perfectly competitive markets but not oligopolistic markets
C、oligoplistic but not perfectly competitive markets
D、neither oligopolistic nor perfectly competitive markets.

7、In choosing among alternative courses of action, Raj must consider how others might respond to the action he takes. In the language of game theory, we say that Raj must think
A、openly.
B、strategically.
C、dominantly.
D、cooperatively.

8、In an oligopoly, each firm knows that its profits
A、depend only on how much output it produces.
B、depend only on how much output its rival firms produce.
C、depend on both how much output it produces and how much output its rival firms produce.
D、will be zero in the long run because of free entry.

9、A distinguishing feature of an oligopolistic industry is the tension between
A、profit maximization and cost minimization.
B、cooperation and self interest.
C、producing a small amount of output and charging a price above marginal cost.
D、short-run decisions and long-run decisions.

10、In studying oligopolistic markets, economists assume that
A、there is no conflict or tension between cooperation and self-interest
B、it is easy for a group of firms to cooperate and thereby establish and maintain a monopoly outcome
C、each oligopolist cares only about its own profit.
D、strategic decisions do not play a role in such markets.

11、A special kind of imperfectly competitive market that has only two firms is called
A、a two-tier competitive structure.
B、an incidental monopoly.
C、a doublet.
D、a duopoly.

12、Which of the following statements is correct?
A、If duopolists successfully collude, then their combined output will be equal to the output that would be observed if the market were a monopoly
B、Although the logic of self-interest decreases a duopoly’s price below the monopoly price, it does not push the duopolists to reach the competitive price
C、Although the logic of self-interest increases a duopoly’s level of output above the monopoly level, it does not push the duopolists to reach the competitive level.
D、All choices are correct.

13、An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge is called
A、collusion
B、a strategic situation
C、excess capacity.
D、tying.

14、The factors of production are best defined as the
A、output produced from raw materials
B、.inputs used to produce goods and services
C、wages paid to the workforce
D、goods and services sold in the market

15、Because a firm's demand for a factor of production is derived from its decision to supply a good in the market, it is called a
A、differentiated demand.
B、secondary demand
C、derived demand.
D、hybrid demand-supply

16、The term "factor market" applies to the market for
A、labor.
B、capital.
C、land.
D、All choices are correct.

17、Factor markets are different from product markets in an important way because
A、equilibrium is the exception, and not the rule, in factor markets.
B、the demand for a factor of production is a derived demand
C、the demand for a factor of production is likely to be upward sloping, in violation of the law of demand.
D、All the answers are correct.

18、Economists refer to the inputs that firms use to produce goods and services as
A、derived factors.
B、derived resources.
C、factors of production.
D、instruments of revenue.

19、The basic tools of supply and demand apply to
A、both markets for goods and services and markets for labor services
B、markets for goods and services but not to markets for labor services.
C、markets for goods and services but not to markets for factors of production.
D、all markets except those in which demand is derived demand.

20、A firm in a monopolistically competitive market can earn both short-run and long-run profits

21、In the long run, monopolistically competitive firms produce where demand equals marginal cost.

22、For competitive firms, the curve that represents the value of marginal product of labor is the same as the demand for labor curve.

23、A profit-maximizing competitive firm will hire workers up to the point at which the wage equals the price of the final good

24、A profit-maximizing competitive firm will hire workers up to the point at which the wage equals the marginal product of labor

25、When a competitive firm hires labor up to the point at which the value of the marginal product of labor equals the wage, it also produces up to the point at which the price of output equals average variable cost

26、Monopolistically competitive firms, like monopoly firms, maximize their profits by charging a price that exceeds marginal cost.

27、Monopolistic competition and monopoly are examples of a market structure called imperfect competition.

28、Oligopoly and monopolistic competition are examples of a market structure called imperfect competition.

29、The term Luddite refers to “tekkies” or people who are the first to adopt new technological advances.

30、Oligopoly is characterized by a few sellers offering similar products, whereas monopolistic competition is characterized by many sellers offering differentiated products

31、Monopolistic competition is characterized by a few sellers offering similar products, whereas oligopoly is characterized by many sellers offering differentiated products.

32、Product differentiation always leads to some measure of market power.

33、An increase in a product’s price will shift the labor demand curve for workers who produce that product to the left.

34、From 1959 to 2009, inflation-adjusted wages increased by 131 percent in the U.S. As a result, firms reduced the amount of labor they employed by nearly 20 percent

35、Monopolistic competition is the only market structure that features many sellers.

36、The market for wheat is most likely considered a monopolistically competitive market.

37、A monopolistically competitive market is characterized by barriers to entry

38、Monopolistic competition is characterized by many buyers and sellers, product differentiation, and free entry.

39、The "competition" in monopolistically competitive markets is most likely a result of having many sellers in the market.

40、There are four basic types of market structure

第六篇劳动市场经济学

6.1 劳动市场经济学随堂测验

1、Because a firm's demand for a factor of production is derived from its decision to supply a good in the market, it is called a
A、differentiated demand.
B、secondary demand.
C、derived demand.
D、hybrid demand-supply.

2、Economists refer to the inputs that firms use to produce goods and services as
A、derived factors.
B、derived resources.
C、factors of production.
D、instruments of revenue.

6.2 收入与歧视 6.3收入不平等与贫困随堂测验

1、A compensating differential is
A、a difference in pay due to nonmonetary characteristics of jobs.
B、an high wage paid by employers to entice workers to be more productive.
C、the difference between the quantity of labor supplied and the quantity of labor demanded at the minimum wage.
D、equivalent to a union wage.

单元测验7：第六篇（劳动市场经济学）

1、Which of the following is not an example of a factor of production?
A、labor
B、interest
C、land
D、capital

2、Which of the following is an example of a firm’s derived demand?
A、The wage that a worker earns is a function of her human capital.
B、A firm’s demand for college textbook study guide authors is inseparably linked to the supply of college textbooks.
C、Factors that increase the demand for labor will increase the equilibrium wage.
D、All of the choices are correct.

3、The basic tools of supply and demand apply to
A、both markets for goods and services and markets for labor services.
B、markets for goods and services but not to markets for labor services.
C、markets for goods and services but not to markets for factors of production.
D、all markets except those in which demand is derived demand.

4、A profit-maximizing, competitive firm for which the marginal product of labor is diminishing also experiences
A、a perfectly inelastic supply of labor.
B、a perfectly elastic supply of labor.
C、a downward-sloping demand for labor.
D、an upward-sloping demand for labor.

5、Which of the following statements is correct?
A、The value of the marginal product curve is the labor demand curve for competitive, profit-maximizing firms.
B、A competitive, profit-maximizing firm hires workers up to the point where the value of the marginal product of labor equals the wage.
C、By hiring labor up to the point where the value of the marginal product of labor equals the wage, the firm is producing where price equals marginal cost.
D、All of the choices are correct.

6、Paul is the owner of Paul's Popcorn Palace. Paul is a profit-maximizing owner whose firm operates in a competitive market. An additional worker costs Paul $200 and has a marginal productivity of 40 canisters of popcorn. Assuming no other variable costs, what is the marginal cost of a popcorn?
A、$200
B、$8
C、$5
D、There is insufficient information available to answer this question.

7、If the wage exceeds the value of the marginal product of labor, then hiring another worker
A、decreases the firm's total revenue.
B、increases the firm's profit.
C、decreases the firm's total cost.
D、decreases the firm’s profit.

8、The term "compensating differential" refers to
A、the fact that workers who do similar work should be paid the same wage.
B、the fact that some workers live further from their jobs than do other workers.
C、a wage difference that is distinguishable on the basis of monetary characteristics.
D、a wage difference that arises from nonmonetary characteristics of different jobs.

9、Which of the following would not be considered human capital?
A、the training a chef receives in cooking school.
B、the time a chef spends preparing meals in a restaurant practicing his trade.
C、the financial capital a chef uses to start his own restaurant.
D、the skills a chef learns when attending a class about cake decorating

10、For a competitive, profit-maximizing firm, the labor demand curve is the same as the
A、marginal cost curve.
B、value of marginal product curve.
C、production function.
D、profit function.

11、Economists refer to the inputs that firms use to produce goods and services as
A、derived factors.
B、derived resources.
C、factors of production.
D、instruments of revenue.

12、The basic tools of supply and demand apply to
A、both markets for goods and services and markets for labor services.
B、markets for goods and services but not to markets for labor services.
C、markets for goods and services but not to markets for factors of production.
D、all markets except those in which demand is derived demand.

13、Labor markets are different from most other markets because labor demand is
A、unresponsive to changes in wages.
B、unresponsive to changes in the final prices of the products produced by the labor.
C、a derived demand.
D、very responsive to labor supply.

14、The production function is the
A、increase in the amount of output from an additional unit of labor.
B、marginal product of an input times the price of output.
C、relationship between the quantity of inputs and output.
D、shift in labor demand caused by a change in the price of output.

15、The marginal product of labor is defined as the change in
A、output per additional unit of revenue.
B、output per additional unit of labor.
C、revenue per additional unit of labor.
D、revenue per additional unit of output.

16、When a production function exhibits a diminishing, but positive, marginal product of labor,
A、output increases, but at an increasing rate, as more workers are employed.
B、output increases, but at a decreasing rate, as more workers are employed.
C、output declines as more workers are employed.
D、the effects on marginal product are ambiguous.

17、Diminishing marginal product occurs when
A、the marginal product of an input increases as the quantity of the input increases.
B、the marginal product of an input decreases as the quantity of the input increases.
C、total output increases as the quantity of an input increases
D、total output decreases as the quantity of an input increases.

18、If a firm experiences diminishing marginal productivity of labor, the marginal product
A、increases as total product increases.
B、decreases as total product increases.
C、increases as total product decreases
D、decreases as total product decreases

19、For a profit-maximizing, competitive firm, the value of the marginal product of labor
A、increases when the price of output decreases.
B、is the firm’s demand for labor.
C、equals the marginal product of labor divided by the wage rate.
D、All of the choices are correct.

20、Value of marginal product is defined as the additional
A、output a firm would receive after hiring one more factor of production.
B、cost of hiring one more factor of production.
C、revenue earned from selling one more unit of product.
D、revenue earned from hiring one more factor of production.

21、Average productivity can be measured as total output divided by total units of labor

22、For a snow-removal business, the capital stock would include inputs such as snow blowers and shovels

23、When a firm decides to retain its earnings instead of paying dividends, the stockholders necessarily suffer

24、Capital owners are compensated according to the value of the marginal product of that capita

25、Suppose the supply of capital decreases. As a result, the quantity of capital used in production and the rental price of capital will both fall

26、The rental price of capital is the price a person pays to own the capital indefinitely

27、Capital income does not include income paid to households for the use of their capital

28、Firms pay out a portion of their earnings in the form of interest and dividends, and those payments are a portion of the economy's capital income

29、The marginal product of land depends on the quantity of land that is available

30、Suppose an influenza pandemic were to significantly decrease the population of a country. We would predict a decrease in the marginal product of land in that country

31、For profit-maximizing, competitive firms, the demand curve for each factor of production equals the value of the marginal product of that factor.

32、A change in the supply of any one factor alters the earnings of all the other factors

33、An event that changes the supply of any factor of production can alter the earnings of all the factors.

34、If men’s preferences for work change such that more men want to be stay-at-home fathers, the wages paid to men who remain in the workplace would rise, all else equal

35、If the demand for labor in a particular industry increases, the equilibrium wage in that industry will also increase

36、Labor supply curves are always upward sloping

37、Labor-saving technological advances increase the marginal productivity of labor.

38、The demand for computer programmers is inseparably tied to the supply of computer software.

39、If a firm is able to charge a higher price for its output, all else equal, the value of the marginal product of labor will decrease to offset the higher price

40、Stock dividends and interest payments are examples of factors of production.

第七篇消费者行为理论

单元测验8：第七篇（消费者行为理论）

1、The theory of consumer choice examines how
A、firms make profit-maximizing decisions.
B、consumers make utility-maximizing decisions.
C、wages are determined in competitive labor markets.
D、prices are determined in competitive goods markets.

2、A budget constraint shows
A、the maximum utility that a consumer can achieve for a given level of income.
B、a series of bundles that cost the consumer the same amount of money.
C、a series of bundles that give the consumer the same level of utility.
D、All of the choices are correct.

3、Indifference curves that cross violate the property of
A、the marginal rate of substitution.
B、transitivity.
C、indifference curves bowing inward.
D、They do not violate any properties of indifference curves.

4、When two goods are perfect substitutes, the
A、indifference curve is a downward-sloping straight line.
B、marginal rate of substitution is not constant.
C、indifference curve is a vertical straight line.
D、indifference curve is a horizontal straight line.

5、When a consumer is purchasing the best combination of two goods, X and Y, subject to a budget constraint, we say that the consumer is at an optimal choice point. A graph of an optimal choice point shows that it occurs
A、along the highest attainable indifference curve.
B、where the indifference curve is tangent to the budget constraint.
C、where the marginal utility per dollar spent is the same for both X and Y.
D、All the answers are correct.

6、The relationship between the marginal utility that David gets from eating ice cream sundaes and the number of ice cream cones he eats per week is as follows: Ice Cream Sundaes 1 2 3 4 5 6 Marginal Utility 20 16 12 8 4 0 David receives 3 units of utility from the last dollar spent on each of the other goods he consumes. If ice cream sundaes cost $4 each, how many ice cream sundaes will he consume per month if he maximizes utility?
A、2
B、3
C、4
D、5

7、The consumer's optimum is where
A、MUx/MUy = Py/Px.
B、MUx/Py = MUy/Px
C、MUx/Px = MUy/Py
D、MUy/MUx = Px/Py

8、Suppose a consumer has preferences over two goods, X and Y, which are perfect substitutes. In particular, two units of X is equivalent to one unit of Y. If the price of X is $1, the price of Y is $3, and the consumer has $30 of income to allocate to these two goods, how much of each good should the consumer purchase to maximize satisfaction?
A、30 units of X and 0 units of Y
B、0 units of X and 10 units of Y
C、15 units of X and 5 units of Y
D、15 units of X and 0 units of Y

9、When the price of a good increases, all else equal, the higher price
A、reduces the consumer's set of buying opportunities.
B、leads to a parallel shift of the budget constraint.
C、will necessarily lead to an increase in the consumption of goods whose price did not change.
D、generally discourages the consumption of inferior goods.

10、When Matt has an income of $2,000, he consumes 30 units of good A and 50 units of good B. After Matt’s income increases to $3,000, he consumes 25 units of good A and 95 units of good B. Which of the following statements is correct?
A、Both goods A and B are normal goods.
B、Both goods A and B are inferior goods.
C、Good A is a normal good, and good B is an inferior good.
D、Good A is an inferior good, and good B is a normal good.

11、The theory of consumer choice provides the foundation for understanding the
A、structure of a firm.
B、profitability of a firm
C、demand for a firm's product.
D、supply of a firm's product.

12、The theory of consumer choice examines
A、the determination of output in competitive markets.
B、the tradeoffs inherent in decisions made by consumers.
C、how consumers select inputs into manufacturing production processes.
D、the determination of prices in competitive markets.

13、The theory of consumer choice examines how
A、firms make profit-maximizing decisions.
B、consumers make utility-maximizing decisions
C、wages are determined in competitive labor markets.
D、prices are determined in competitive goods markets.

14、The theory of consumer choice illustrates the
A、importance of property rights in creating efficient markets
B、ability of a single economic actor to have a substantial influence on market prices
C、the trade-offs that people face in their role as purchasers.
D、All of the choices are correct.

15、When a consumer spends less time enjoying leisure and more time working, she has
A、lower income and therefore cannot afford more consumption.
B、lower income and therefore can afford more consumption.
C、higher income and therefore cannot afford more consumption.
D、higher income and therefore can afford more consumption.

16、If we observe that a consumer’s budget constraint has shifted inward, we can assume that the consumer will be
A、fewer normal goods and more inferior goods.
B、more normal goods and fewer inferior goods.
C、more normal goods and more inferior goods.
D、fewer normal goods and fewer inferior goods.

17、When Stanley has an income of $1,000, he consumes 30 units of good A and 50 units of good B. After Stanley’s income increases to $1,500, he consumes 60 units of good A and 45 units of good B. Which of the following statements is correct?
A、Both goods A and B are normal goods.
B、Both goods A and B are inferior goods.
C、Good A is a normal good, and good B is an inferior good.
D、Good A is an inferior good, and good B is a normal good.

18、Economists have found evidence of a Giffen good when studying the consumption of rice in the Chinese province of Hunan.

19、Shelley wins $1 million in her state’s lottery. If Shelley keeps working after she wins the money, we can infer that the substitution effect must exactly offset the income effect for he

20、A rational person can have a negatively-sloped labor supply curve.

21、The substitution effect in the work-leisure model induces a person to work less in response to higher wages, which tends to make the labor-supply curve slope upward

22、The income effect in the work-leisure model induces a person to work less in response to higher wages, which tends to make the labor-supply curve slope backward

23、A rise in the interest rate will generally result in people consuming more when they are old if the substitution effect outweighs the income effect.

24、A rise in the interest rate will generally result in people consuming less when they are old if the substitution effect outweighs the income effect.

25、The theory of consumer choice is representative of how consumers make decisions but is not intended to be a literal account of the process.

26、The direction of the substitution effect is not influenced by whether the good is normal or inferior.

27、The income effect of a price change is unaffected by whether the good is a normal or inferior good

28、A typical consumer consumes both coffee and donuts. After the consumer’s income decreases, the consumer consumes more coffee but fewer donuts than before. For this consumer, donuts are a normal good, but coffee is an inferior good.

29、At a consumer’s optimal choice, the consumer chooses the combination of goods such that the ratio of the marginal utilities equals the ratio of the prices.

30、A consumer’s optimal choice is affected by income, prices of goods, and preferences.

第八篇宏观经济学概论

8.1 宏观经济学的研究内容随堂测验

1、Which of the following topics are more likely to be studied by a macroeconomist than by a microeconomist?
A、the effect of taxes on the prices of airline tickets, the profitability of automobile-manufacturing firms, and employment trends in the food-service industry
B、the price of beef, wage differences between genders, and antitrust laws
C、how consumers maximize utility, and how prices are established in markets for agricultural products
D、the percentage of the labor force that is out of work, and differences in average income from country to country

2、We would expect a macroeconomist, as opposed to a microeconomist, to be particularly interested in( )
A、explaining how economic changes affect prices of particular goods.
B、devising policies to deal with market failures such as externalities and market power.
C、devising policies to promote low inflation.
D、identifying those markets that are competitive and those that are not competitive.

3、GDP is the most closely watched economic statistic because it is thought to be the best single measure of a society’s economic well-being.

8.2 如何衡量国民收入随堂测验

1、1.For an economy as a whole, income must equal expenditure because ( )
A、the number of firms is equal to the number of households in an economy.
B、international law requires that income equal expenditure.
C、every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller.
D、every dollar of saving by some consumer is a dollar of spending by some other consumer.

2、2. In a simple circular-flow diagram, ( )
A、households spend all of their income.
B、all goods and services are bought by households.
C、expenditures flow through the markets for goods and services, while income flows through the markets for the factors of production.
D、All of the above are correct.

3、3.Which of the following statements about GDP is correct? ( )
A、GDP measures two things at once: the total income of everyone in the economy and the unemployment rate of the economy’s labor force.
B、Money continuously flows from households to government and then back to households, and GDP measures this flow of money.
C、GDP is to a nation’s economy as household income is to a household.
D、All of the above are correct.

4、4. ( ) An economy’s income is the same as its expenditure because every transaction has a buyer and a seller.

8.3 GDP支出的组成部分随堂测验

1、1. ( ) Expenditures by households on education are included in the consumption component of GDP.

2、2.( ) New home construction is included in the consumption component of GDP.

3、3. ( ) The government purchases component of GDP includes salaries paid to soldiers but not Social Security benefits paid to the elderly.

4、4. ( ) If the value of an economy’s imports exceeds the value of that economy’s exports, then net exports is a negative number.

8.4 实际GDP与名义GDP随堂测验

1、1. ( )Nominal GDP uses constant base-year prices to place a value on the economy’s production of goods and services, while real GDP uses current prices to place a value on the economy’s production of goods and services.

2、2. ( )If the GDP deflator in 2006 was 160 and the GDP deflator in 2007 was 180, then the inflation rate in 2007 was 12.5%.

3、3. ( ) The GDP deflator can be used to take inflation out of nominal GDP.

4、4. ( ) If nominal GDP is $12,000 and the GDP deflator is 80, then real GDP is $15,000.

单元测验9：第八篇（宏观经济学概论）

1、Macroeconomists study
A、the decisions of households and firms.
B、the interaction between households and firms.
C、economy-wide phenomena.
D、regulations on firms and unions.

2、Which of the following is not a question that macroeconomists address?
A、Why is average income high in some countries while it is low in others?
B、Why does the price of oil rise when war erupts in the Middle East?
C、Why do production and employment expand in some years and contract in others?
D、Why do prices rise rapidly in some periods of time while they are more stable in other periods?

3、Which of the following statistic is usually regarded as the best single measure of a society’s economic well-being?
A、the unemployment rate
B、the inflation rate
C、gross domestic product
D、the trade deficit

4、Gross domestic product measures two things at once: ( )
A、the total spending of everyone in the economy and the total saving of everyone in the economy.
B、the total income of everyone in the economy and the total expenditure on the economy's output of goods and services.
C、the value of the economy's output of goods and services for domestic citizens and the value of the economy's output of goods and services for the rest of the world.
D、the total income of households in the economy and the total profit of firms in the economy.

5、Which of the following items is included in U.S. GDP?
A、final goods and services that are purchased by the U.S. federal government
B、intermediate goods that are produced in the U.S. but that are unsold at the end of the GDP accounting period
C、goods and services produced by foreign citizens working in the U.S.
D、All the answers are correct.

6、Tyler and Camille both live in Oklahoma. A new-car dealer in Oklahoma bought a new car from the manufacturer for $18,000 and sold it to Tyler for $22,000. Later that year, Tyler sold the car to Camille for $17,000. By how much did these transactions contribute to U.S. GDP for the year? ( )
A、$18,000
B、$22,000
C、$39,000
D、$57,000

7、Which of the following examples of household spending is categorized as investment rather than consumption?
A、expenditures on durable goods such as automobiles and refrigerators
B、expenditures on intangibles items such as medical care.
C、expenditures on new housing.
D、All the answers are correct.

8、Suppose an economy produces only cheese and fish. In 2008, 20 units of cheese are sold at $5 each and 8 units of fish are sold at $50 each. In 2007, the base year, the price of cheese was $10 per unit and the price of fish was $75 per unit. For 2008, ( )
A、nominal GDP is $500, real GDP is $800, and the GDP deflator is 62.5.
B、nominal GDP is $500, real GDP is $800, and the GDP deflator is 160.
C、nominal GDP is $800, real GDP is $500, and the GDP deflator is 62.5.
D、nominal GDP is $800, real GDP is $500, and the GDP deflator is 160.

9、In the economy of Wrexington in 2008, real GDP was $25 billion and the GDP deflator was 68. What was Wrexington’s nominal GDP in 2008?
A、$2.72 billion
B、$17 billion
C、$36.8 billion
D、$43 billion

10、Government purchases include spending on goods and services by
A、federal governments, but not by state or local governments.
B、federal and state governments, but not by local governments.
C、federal, state, and local governments.
D、federal, state, and local governments, as well household spending by employees of those governments.

11、When markets fail, which of the following is true?
A、Government intervention can always improve outcomes.
B、Government intervention can potentially improve outcomes.
C、Government intervention can never improve outcomes.
D、Markets do not fail.

12、Which of the following is included in U.S. GDP?
A、The value of production by a Singaporean working in the U.S.
B、The value of production by an American working in Singapore
C、The value of production by a Singaporean working in Singapore.
D、The value of production by a Singaporean working in China.

13、George lived in a home that was newly constructed in 2005 for which he paid $200,000. In 2008 he sold the house for $225,000. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the sale of the house?
A、The 2008 sale increased 2008 GDP by $225,000 and had no effect on 2005 GDP
B、The 2008 sale increased 2008 GDP by $25,000 and had no effect on 2005 GDP.
C、The 2008 sale increased 2008 GDP by $225,000; furthermore, the 2008 sale caused 2005 GDP to be revised upward by $25,000.
D、The 2008 sale affected neither 2008 GDP nor 2005 GDP.

14、Which of the following domestically produced items is not included in GDP?
A、A bottle of shampoo.
B、A hairdryer.
C、A haircut.
D、All the items are included in GDP.

15、Tim mows the yard for his neighbors. He spends $1 on gas and charges them $20 for each lawn he mows. What’s the total contribution to GDP each time Tim mows a yard?
A、$1
B、$19
C、$20
D、$21

16、Gasoline is considered a final good if it is sold by a
A、gasoline station to a bus company that operates a bus route between San Francisco and Los Angeles.
B、pipeline operator to a gasoline station in San Francisco
C、gasoline station to a motorist in Los Angeles.
D、All the answers are correct.

17、Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole.

18、Macroeconomic statistics tell us about a particular household, firm, or market.

19、The goal of macroeconomics is to explain the economic changes that affect many households, firms, and markets simultaneously.

20、The basic tools of supply and demand are as central to macroeconomic analysis as they are to microeconomic analysis.

21、GDP can measure either the total income of everyone in the economy or the total expenditure on the economy’s output of goods and services, but GDP cannot measure both at the same time.

22、GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced by a country’s citizens in a given period of time.

23、GDP includes only the value of final goods because the value of intermediate goods is already included in the prices of the final goods.

24、The government purchases component of GDP includes salaries paid to soldiers but not Social Security benefits paid to the elderly.

25、If the value of an economy’s imports exceeds the value of that economy’s exports, then net exports is a negative number.

26、If nominal GDP is $12,000 and the GDP deflator is 80, then real GDP is $15,000.

27、Macroeconomic statistics include GDP, the inflation rate, the unemployment rate, retail sales, and the trade deficit.

28、Macroeconomic statistics tell us about a particular household, firm, or market

29、Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole

30、The basic tools of supply and demand are central to microeconomic analysis but are of little use to macroeconomics

31、GDP is the most closely watched economic statistic because it is thought to be the best single measure of a society’s economic well-being.

32、GDP can measure either the total income of everyone in the economy or the total expenditure on the economy’s output of goods and services, but GDP cannot measure both at the same time.

33、For an economy as a whole, income must exceed expenditure.

34、GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time

35、At a rummage sale, you buy two old books and an old rocking chair; your spending on these items is not included in current GDP

36、The government computes measures of income other than GDP because these other measures usually tell different stories about overall economic conditions

第九篇国民收入的来源与分配

9.1 概述随堂测验

1、The relationship between the quantity of output created and the quantity of inputs needed to create it is called( )
A、the capital accumulation function.
B、technological knowledge.
C、the production function.
D、human capital.

2、In a particular production process, if the quantities of all inputs used are increased by 60 percent, then the quantity of output increases by 60 percent as well. This means that ( )
A、the production process cannot be enhanced by technological advances.
B、no mathematical representation of the relevant production function can be formulated.
C、the relevant production function has the limits-to-growth property.
D、the relevant production function has the constant-returns-to-scale property.

3、If per capita real income grows by 2 percent per year, then it will double in approximately 20 years.

4、If Country A produces 6,000 units of goods and services using 600 hours of labor, and if Country B produces 5,000 units of goods and services using 450 units of labor, then productivity is higher in Country B than in Country A.

5、Productivity can be computed as number of hours worked divided by output.

9.2 总产出的决定随堂测验

1、What term do economists use to describe the relationship between the quantity of inputs used and the quantity of output produced?
A、production function
B、input function
C、capital function
D、returns to scale

2、Technological knowledge
A、is the same thing as human capital.
B、can be discovered but it can never be kept secret.
C、is a determinant of productivity.
D、does not play a role in the relationship that economists call the production function.

3、The equipment and structures available to produce goods and services are called
A、physical capital.
B、human capital.
C、the production function.
D、technology.

9.3 总收入的分配随堂测验

1、According to the neoclassical theory of distribution, the real wage earned by any worker equals that worker’s marginal productivity.

2、Use the neoclassical theory of distribution, A wave of immigration increases the labor force. then, the real wage increase

3、Use the neoclassical theory of distribution, An earthquake destroys some of the capital stock. then, the real rental price rises.

4、Use the neoclassical theory of distribution, A technological advance improves the Production function. then, the real wage and the real rental price both increase.

9.4 总需求的决定随堂测验

1、In the small closed economy of San Lucretia, the currency is the denar. Statistics for last year show that private saving was 60 billion denars, taxes were 70 billion denars, government purchases of goods and services were 80 billion denars, there were no transfer payments by the government, and GDP was 400 billion denars. What were consumption and investment in San Lucretia? ( )
A、270 billion denars, 50 billion denars
B、260 billion denars, 60 billion denars
C、250 billion denars, 70 billion denars
D、None of the above is correct.

2、What makes the demand for the economy’s output of goods and services equal the supply? ( )
A、price of goods and services
B、money
C、Consumption, investment, and government purchases
D、tax

9.5 商品市场均衡随堂测验

1、Which of the following would necessarily create a surplus at the original equilibrium interest rate in the loanable funds market? ( )<