mooc学术英语写作与演讲_1期末答案(慕课2023课后作业答案)
89 min readmooc学术英语写作与演讲_1期末答案(慕课2023课后作业答案)
1.1 Topic choice and elaboration随堂测验
1、学术写作Choose the most elaborated topic for research.
A、英语演讲China
B、期末Chinese history
C、答案答案History of Qing Dynasty
D、慕课Emperor Qian Long and his 课后times
2、You’d better choose the topic that ______________. (多选)
A、作业you have interest
B、学术写作you have some previous knowledge
C、英语演讲you don’t know enough without doing additional research
D、期末has practical relationships and involves something new
1.2 Academic reading随堂测验
1、答案答案If you want to repeat the research process,慕课 you can find the information in the ___________.
A、introduction
B、课后methods
C、作业results
D、学术写作discussion
2、Rearrange the order of the statements for reading the sources 1) Read the titles and abstracts 2) Identify the article's argument and take notes 3) Read also the related literature 4) Find the important article 5) Read the whole article
A、4, 1, 5, 3, 2
B、4, 1, 5, 2, 3
C、1, 4, 5, 2, 3
D、1, 4, 5, 3, 2
1.3 Literature search随堂测验
1、Which of the following is NOT academic databases?
A、University libraries
B、Factiva
C、International publishers such as Springer, Routledge, Wiley
D、WOS, Scopus, or CNKI
2、What can we search in WOS or CNKI?
A、Monographs
B、Research articles
C、News reports
D、Patents
1.4 Endnote bibliography management随堂测验
1、Which of the following options is the function of Endnote?
A、Automatically check spelling and grammar in a document
B、Edit Tables and Figures
C、Manage references
D、Synchronise reading notes from different devices
2、Which of the following ways CANNOT import references to Endnote?
A、Manual editing
B、Export from CNKI
C、Export from WOS
D、Copy paste from references lists in word or pdf files
2. Plagiarism, paraphrase and summary
2.1 Plagiarism随堂测验
1、What behavior is NOT plagiarism?
A、Turning in one’s own previous work
B、Containing significant parts of text from a single source
C、Mixing copied materials from multiple sources
D、Paraphrasing from multiple sources with citations
2、Including citations to non-existent or inaccurate sources is considered as serious plagiarism.
2.2 Paraphrase随堂测验
1、Paraphrasing is to restate a sentence in another form to make it easier to understand. It is an effective way to avoid plagiarism.
2、When paraphrasing a sentence, we can use a , change , change , change , turn from active voice to or vice versa, change from positive to and vice versa. （答案请用逗号隔开）
2.3 Summary随堂测验
1、(多选) When summarizing the whole article, we can
A、skim the text, noting the subheadings
B、read the text, highlighting important information or taking notes.
C、write down the main points of each section in your own words and try to write a one-sentence summary of each section.
D、write down the key support points for the main topic as well as other minor details.
2、Summarizing deals with almost all information while paraphrasing covers only the most important information.
Test 1 (Unit 1&2)
1、When doing academic reading, you can ______ to get an immediate guideline of the specific topic.
A、examine the list of your reference
B、read other researchers’ review of the topic
C、use a matrix
D、sort all the papers into different perspectives
2、Besides title, which part of the paper are you supposed to read first when reading a paper?
A、introduction
B、conclusion
C、abstract
D、method
3、Which of the following sources is the most reliable?
A、News report.
B、Journal article.
C、Wikipedia entry.
D、Blog.
4、How to paraphrase? Put the following steps into correct order. 1) Check that you have included the main points and essential information. 2) Underline the key words and take down notes. 3) Read the original source carefully to have a full understanding 4) Put the original text aside and rewrite it in your own words
A、3241
B、3421
C、3142
D、3412
5、Read the following sentence and identify the best paraphrase. The amphibia, which is the animal class to which our frogs and toads belong, were the first animals to crawl from the sea and inhabit the earth.
A、The first animals to leave the sea and live on dry land were the amphibia, such as frogs and toads.
B、Frogs and toads belong to the animal class amphibia.
C、The amphibia, the animal class to which frogs and toads belong, were the first animals that move from the sea to the earth.
D、Frogs and toads are the amphibia that comes from sea to earth.
6、Read the following sentence and identify the best paraphrase. The stages that children pass through in the development of language are very consistent. However the exact age when they hit these milestones varies a lot.
A、As children develop language skills, they usually go through the same stages, but they may reach the stages at different ages.
B、Developing children may pass through linguistic stages at different ages, although they will generally pass through each stage at some point.
C、The stages that are passed through by children in language development are very consistent. However, the exact time when they hit these milestones can be different.
D、Language development is very different for different children, and there can be variation in the stages they go through.
7、Read the following paragraph and identify the best one-sentence summary. Kutash and Northrop (2007) studied the comfort of family members in the ICU waiting room. They found that no matter the situation, waiting rooms are stressful for the patients and their families, and it is the nursing staff’s job to comfort both. From this emotional distress many family members judged the waiting room furniture as “uncomfortable” and only talked about it in a negative context. From this study we have learned that there is a direct relationship between a person’s emotional state and how that person perceives the physical state he or she is in, such as sitting in a chair. Is this relationship true in reverse as well? Can the way a person perceives his or her present physical state (such as sitting in a chair) affect his or her emotional state? This is the question that the present study sought to answer.
A、Kutash and Northrup found that anxious people in intensive care waiting rooms tend to dislike the chairs in the waiting room and describe them as “uncomfortable.”
B、The uncomfortable furniture in intensive care waiting rooms makes anxious people even more anxious.
C、This paragraph introduces a study that the authors conducted.
D、Basing their work on the results of a previous study, Baker, Beacker, and Young propose to examine whether a person’s perceived physical comfort can have an impact on their anxiety levels.
8、The following is the beginning part of the abstract of an article: Creativity and knowledge management are both important competences that university students need to strive to develop. This study therefore developed and evaluated an instructional program for improving university students’ creativity based on a blended knowledge-management (KM) model that integrates e-learning and three core processes of KM: knowledge sharing, knowledge internalization, and knowledge creation. What is the topic of this article?
A、creativity and knowledge management
B、knowledge sharing, internalization, and creation
C、instructional program for improving learning
D、university students’ competences
9、Read the short research paper written by students and answer the following questions. Connections between curiosity, flow and creativity Abstract Previous research has shown that greater curiosity, the desire to know, is associated with more creativity, which entails generating new or useful ideas or products. The intense concentration and absorption that characterizes the phenomenon of flow may connect curiosity with creativity. The present study investigated the connections between three dimensions of curiosity, namely joyous exploration-related curiosity, knowledge-deprivation sensitivity, and stress tolerance. Fifty-seven participants, with a mean age of 35, engaged in the novel task of designing a water conservation program. Participants judged their experience of designing the program on scales that assessed their curiosity and flow during the activity. Two raters independently coded each participant's program description on creativity, and the mean of the two ratings produced the creativity score for that participant. Higher joyous exploration curiosity, knowledge-deprivation sensitivity, and tolerance of stress were all associated with more flow. More experience of flow, as judged by participants after engaging in the activity, was significantly associated with greater creativity. Even though the direct relationships between curiosity and creativity did not reach statistical significance, flow linked each of the dimensions of curiosity with creativity. These findings may provide a basis for programs intended to increase flow or creativity. Keywords: Creativity, Curiosity, Flow 1. Introduction Curiosity, the desire to know, is a motivating characteristic (Litman, 2005; Loewenstein, 1994). Curiosity consists of several related dimensions (Kashdan et al., 2018), including desiring exploration for its own sake (Kashdan et al., 2018; Litman, 2005), deprivation sensitivity or wanting to decrease gaps in knowledge (Litman, 2005; Loewenstein, 1994) and stress tolerance when faced with novelty (Kashdan et al., 2018). Creativity involves generating new and useful ideas or products (Sternberg, 2006). According to the process model of creativity (Mumford & McIntosh, 2017) information gathering precedes creativity, and some research (Kashdan & Steger, 2007) supports this pro- position. Curiosity may prompt that information gathering. Several studies have found associations between higher curiosity and greater creativity (Celik, Storme, Davila, & Myszkowski, 2016; Hardy, Ness, & Mecca, 2017; Peljko, Jeraj, S?voiu, & Mari?, 2016; Puente-Díaz & Cavazos-Arroyo, 2017). Other variables linking curiosity to greater creativity remain to be investigated. The phenomena of flow may be a path between curiosity and creativity. Flow is characterized by intense concentration and absorption (Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). Kashdan et al. (2009) proposed that high levels of curiosity and the engagement associated with such high levels of curiosity may give rise to flow. Flow gives rise to optimal performance of a task (Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). According to Csikszentmihalyi's (1997) theory of creativity, flow is a person aspect of the generation of creative ideas and products, and some research supports the link between flow and creativity (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997). For example, Zubair and Kamal (2015) found that flow among employees was associated with their work-related creativity. Byrne, MacDonald, and Carlton (2003) found that higher levels of flow were associated with more creative musical compositions. 1.1 Aim of Study The objective of the study was to investigate whether flow may link curiosity with creativity. The hypotheses were that: 1. The dimensions of joyous exploration curiosity, knowledge-deprivation sensitivity curiosity, and stress tolerance in relation to curiosity would be associated with more flow during a novel activity, as judged by participants after engaging in the activity. 2. The dimensions of joyous exploration curiosity, knowledge-deprivation sensitivity curiosity, and novelty tolerance in relation to curiosity would be associated with more creativity. 3. Greater flow experienced during the activity, as judged by participants after engaging in the activity, would be associated with greater creativity. 4. Flow would be a process, or mediator, connecting curiosity and creativity. 2. Methods and materials ?2.1. Participants A power analysis for multiple regression analysis with two predictor variables, relating to the planned mediation analysis to test whether flow connects curiosity with creativity, with power set at 0.80 and a medium estimated effect size (Cohen's f2 of 0.15), indicated a sample size of 55 would be needed. Fifty-seven traditional and mature aged university students from Australia (45 women and 12 men, mean age of 35.33, SD = 9.41) participated. The participants were all enrolled in an introductory psychology course. The project was approved by the institution's human-research ethics committee and all participants provided informed consent. 2.2 Procedure Participants were asked to engage in a task novel for them, namely to design a program encouraging residents in a local community to conserve water using psychological principles and to record the elements of their program in writing. Participants were then asked to rate their experience as they developed and wrote about their program. 2.3 Measures Participants rated their experience in designing the program on the Dimensional Curiosity Measure subscales assessing the joyous exploration, deprivation sensitivity, and stress tolerance facets of curiosity (Kashdan et al., 2018) and the Flow Short Scale (Engeser & Rheinberg, 2008), with items reformulated to refer to the task. Only flow, and not worry items, were included for the flow scale. On each of the scales response options ranged from 1, describes me not at all, to 7, describes me completely. Higher scores on the summed scales indicated more of a quality. Scores could range from 7 to 35 on each of the creativity scales and from 7 to 70 on the flow scale. Reliability of the measures as assessed by Cronbach's alpha was as follows: Joyous Exploration =0.92, Deprivation Sensitivity =0.66, Stress Tolerance =0.93, and Flow = 0.96. The general curiosity subscales on which the present task specific curiosity assessments were based showed evidence of validity in prior research (Kashdan et al., 2018) as did the flow measure (Engeser & Rheinberg, 2008). Two raters independently coded each participant's water conservation program description on creativity using the rating process developed by Amabile (1982), which has evidence of validity (Amabile, 1982). As suggested by the Amabile rating process, both raters were familiar with psychological principles and theories of creativity that posit that creative products are novel and useful. Each rater assessed creativity of ideas on a five-point scale ranging from 1, not creative, to 5, very creative. The mixed-model interaclass correlation coefficient for the two sets of ratings was 0.73, which is moderately good according to Koo and Li (2016). The mean of the two ratings produced the final creativity score for each participant: these mean scores could range from 1 to 5. 3. Results 3.1 Descriptive information and correlations Table 1 provides descriptive information and the Pearson r correlations between variables. Supporting the first hypothesis, during participants' experience of designing the program, all three types of curiosity were significantly associated with flow. The second hypothesis was not supported, as the associations between dimensions of curiosity and creativity were in the hypothesized direction but did not reach statistical significance. Supporting the third hypothesis, greater experience of flow was significantly associated with greater creativity in designing the water conservation program. 3.2 Mediation analyses Hypothesis four was supported. Even though the direct relationships between dimensions of curiosity and creativity were not significant, indirect relationships through the mediating effect of the experience of flow between dimensions of curiosity and creativity were significant. Three mediation analysis using PROCESS with 2000 bootstraps tested hypothesis four. The first showed that flow linked joyous exploration with creativity, standardized beta = 0.23, 95% CI [0.02, 0.25] for the indirect effect. The second showed that flow linked deprivation sensitivity with creativity, standardized beta = 0.14, 95% CI [0.04, 0.29] for the indirect effect. The third showed that flow linked stress tolerance aspects of curiosity with creativity, standardized beta = 0.13, 95% CI [0.02, 0.27] for the indirect effect. ?4. Discussion and conclusion The present study found that for individuals engaging in an activity, higher levels of curiosity were associated with greater flow, as judged by participants after engaging in the activity. More flow was associated with higher levels of creativity. Unlike in some previous research (Celik et al., 2016; Hardy III, Ness, & Mecca, 2017; Peljko et al., 2016; PuenteDíaz & Cavazos-Arroyo, 2017) the direct relationships between curiosity and creativity was not significant. Even though the direct relationships between curiosity and creativity were not significant, examination of indirect relationships indicated that flow significantly linked curiosity with creativity. It may be that the presence of other characteristics or circumstances in these studies accounts for the difference. A finding of a significant indirect or mediating effect when there is no direct effect has been discussed by Hayes (2009) and MacKinnon, Lockwood, Hoffman, West, and Sheets (2002). Based on ideas presented by Hayes (2009) and MacKinnon et al. (2002), a speculative interpretation of the significant mediation findings in the present study is that several paths or processes connect curiosity with creativity and that some of these processes strengthen the relationship and others suppress the relationship between curiosity and creativity. In the present study unknown suppressor processes may account for an overall non-significant association between curiosity and creativity. When flow, which may strengthen the relationship between curiosity and creativity is examined, it significantly connects curiosity and creativity. Several cautions should be kept in mind regarding the present findings. The study design was correlational, and so casual relationships are only suggestive and not conclusive. Second, the curiosity and flow measures were converted to refer to the task in which participants engaged. This may have influenced the factor structure and validity of the measures. Finally, participants rated their state of flow during the activity after completing the activity. Flow is a subjective state and can be difficult to judge (Jackson & Marsh, 1996). Thus, participants' judgement of their flow state may not have completely captured their actual flow experience. Future research might explore causal relationships between curiosity, flow and creativity through experiment-based research designs. Programs intended to increase flow or creativity might build on the present findings and identify optimal ways of harnessing curiosity to stimulate flow or creativity. 17. What is the topic of the paper?
A、the phenomenon of flow in curiosity
B、the relationship between ?joyous exploration-related curiosity, knowledge-deprivation sensitivity, and stress tolerance
C、the relationship between flow, curiosity and creativity
D、the relationship between curiosity and creativity
10、How is the main body of the research paper organized?
A、Introduction? Methods and materials ?Results ?Discussion and conclusion
B、Abstract?Introduction?conclusion?References
C、Abstract? Methods and materials ? Results ? Discussion and conclusion
D、Introduction? Methods and materials?Results ? Conclusion
11、What is the purpose of the research?
A、Try to prove the ?validity of previous research
B、Try to prove flow links curiosity with creativity
C、Try to prove more curiosity leads to more creativity
D、Try to ?increase flow through ?psychology course activities
12、Which of the following is NOT the finding of the research?
A、Greater flow is related with higher level of creativity.
B、There is a ?direct relationship between curiosity and creativity.
C、Flow was significantly associated with joyous exploration-related curiosity, knowledge-deprivation sensitivity, and stress tolerance.
D、Indirect relationships between dimensions of curiosity and creativity were significant.
13、Which of the following is NOT the limitations of the research?
A、Flow is a subjective concept and hard to be measured.
B、The validity of the measures is affected by ?the curiosity and flow measures.
C、The sample is not large enough.
D、The result is casual and not conclusive.
14、Which of the following activities are helpful for deciding a topic?
A、brainstorming
B、reading books or articles in the library
C、browsing the internet
D、asking other people
15、Why should you cite your sources?
A、To show your readers that you have read extensively for your research.
B、To give credit to others for work they have done.
C、To point your readers to sources that may be useful to them.
D、To show academic honesty and avoid plagiarism.
16、A review article mainly relies on previously published literature or data, aiming for a critical, constructive analysis of the literature in a specific field. It involves ________.
A、summary
B、classification
C、hypothesis
D、paraphrase
17、When you summarize, you must be careful not to copy the exact wording of the original source, so is it with paraphrase.
18、If the idea is from a published paper written by yourself, you don’t need to give citation.
19、You can delete or modify the unexpected data in order to get a satisfying result.
20、If you use your own words to paraphrase an idea from the source material, you don’t need to give citations.
21、Endnote can automatically update citations and bibliography.
22、What is the topic of the following mind map?
3. Language
3.1 Verbs and tenses随堂测验
1、(多选)Which of the following verbs are frequently used in results?
A、find
B、use
C、show
D、say
2、For the methods parts, you usually use the past tense.
3.2 Paragraph unity and completeness随堂测验
1、(多选)If there are two ideas in one paragraph, what can you do?
A、Add a topic sentence that can involve both the ideas
B、Leave it there because it is OK to have two topics in one paragraph
C、Add more information to make the paragraph more complete
D、Cut the paragraph in two, with each of them having a topic sentence
2、What wrong with the following paragraph? Computer-assisted instruction is a relief to many teachers, and professors. It can effectively help in teaching. The teaching effect can be improved with the help of computer-assisted instruction. It is against paragraph _____.
3.3 Corpus-COCA随堂测验
1、Use the Chart function to view and determine the punctuation patterns for the transition word however in the concordance lines and check in which register it is mostly frequently used:
A、Spoken
B、Fiction
C、Newspaper
D、Academic
2、（多选）To complete a search for all forms of the word run, such as run, ran, running, you could select the List function and enter ___________in the search bar:
A、[run]
B、run*
C、RUN
D、run?
4. Connection
4.1 Old and new information principle随堂测验
1、Which of the following two sentence combinations follows the old and new information principle?
A、This framework aligns with models of engaged student learning prominent in the scholarship of teaching and learning. Reinvigorating education by centering on acquiring knowledge and understanding, rather than fixating on grades is the aim of some contemporary approaches to teaching and learning.
B、This framework aligns with models of engaged student learning prominent in the scholarship of teaching and learning. Several contemporary approaches to teaching and learning aim to reinvigorate education by centering on acquiring knowledge and understanding, rather than fixating on grades.
C、
D、
2、In order to achieve better understanding, you’d better put new information BEFORE the information your readers are familiar with.
4.2 Key words, pronouns and determiners随堂测验
1、Use a determiner to fill in the blank. Friendships are an important source of support during adolescence. Supportive friendships may model effective coping, demonstrate how to recruit and offer support, and foster well-being, while best friendships are especially intimate. ________ qualities suggest that adolescents’ close friendships may be a protective mechanism facilitating resilience.
A、These
B、Those
C、Such
D、Both
2、Which of the pronouns are suitable to fill in the following sentence? While we use a diagnostic created by Clare Gibson Giraud, an organization development consultant, instructors can select from any trait diagnostics (such as MBTI or DISC) of _______ _______ are familiar.
A、that we
B、which they
C、which we
D、that they
4.3 Transitions随堂测验
1、_____ is to show the similarity of subjects.
A、Comparing
B、Concluding
C、Restating
D、Opposing
2、Use the appropriate transitions to fill in the blanks. At the conclusion of the program, students have carefully developed a plan of action to address a social challenge, and many express a desire to carry their plan forward. _____, they often struggle to do so during their spring semester, ______some opportunities offered by the college.
A、Moreover…without
B、Nevertheless…whereas
C、In addition…in spite of
D、However… despite
Test 2 (Unit 3&4)
1、Which sentence is better expressed in academic English language?
A、In 2010, the bridge was built. This was good politically. Two countries united.
B、The bridge was completed in 2010, which resulted in a positive political move that united two countries.
C、
D、
2、Which sentence is better expressed in academic English language?
A、During the interview students were asked about their experiences.
B、During the interview I asked students about their experiences.
C、
D、
3、Compare the difference between the following two paragraphs. Tell which paragraph is in line with academic writing conventions
A、A lot of people think that the weather is getting worse. They say that this has been going on for quite a long time. I think that they are quite right. Research has shown that we now get storms all the time.
B、It is widely believed that climate is deteriorating. It is claimed that this process has been continuing for nearly 100 years. This belief appears to be supported by Mckinley (1997) who shows a 55% increase in the frequency of severe winer gales since 1905.
C、
D、
4、Which of the following cannot be used to substitute suggested? Street (1997) suggested that the localization of media is in fact superficial, although the essence of the product remains the same.
A、indicated
B、revealed
C、manipulated
D、noted
5、Which tense should you use to describe the method of your research?
A、past
B、present
C、present perfect tense
D、present progressive tense
6、________ refers to an area of inquiry. It can be used to indicate that the research in the area is still continuing, or that the research has immediate relevance today.
A、Past tense
B、Present perfect tense
C、Present tense
D、Past perfect tense
7、What does the italicized “so” refer to in the following paragraph? The human memory system is remarkably efficient, but it is of course extremely fallible. That being so, it makes sense to take full advantage of memory aids to minimize the disruption caused by such lapses.
A、remarkably efficient
B、extremely fallible
C、taking full advantage of memory aids
D、minimizing the disruption
8、Which sentence should be deleted to keep paragraph unity? Daredevil sports are also becoming popular. Young people are increasingly willing to risk life and limb while mountain biking, backcountry snowboarding, or high-speed skateboarding. Soccer is also popular in the United States now, although football is still more popular. One of the riskiest new sports is skysurfing, in which people jump out of airplanes with boards attached to their feet. Skysurfing rivals skydiving and bungee jumping for the amount of thrills—and risk.
A、Young people are increasingly willing to risk life and limb while mountain biking, backcountry snowboarding, or high-speed skateboarding.
B、Soccer is also popular in the United States now, although football is still more popular.
C、One of the riskiest new sports is skysurfing, in which people jump out of airplanes with boards attached to their feet.
D、Skysurfing rivals skydiving and bungee jumping for the amount of thrills—and risk.
9、Decide on the order of the following sentences. (1) Moreover, while online discussion allows learners to go beyond the space and time constraints and provides support for community building (Gao, 2011), the face-to-face discussion is more prompt in responses, easier to reach consensuses, and more multidirectional in interaction (Wang & Woo, 2007). (2) Specifically, blended learning was emphasized in this study and several topic discussions were assigned and scored based on discussion frequencies to facilitate online interactions as well as to solve the problem of insufficiency of discussion time. (3) Past study findings have suggested that a blended learning approach that combines in-class learning and e-learning is more effective than a pure e-learning approach (Osguthorpe & Graham, 2003) and students are not satisfying with the pure online discussion approach (LaPointe & Reisetter, 2008). (4) Accordingly, in-class learning and e-learning (or online learning) are complimentary and both types of learning were interactively employed in this study.
A、4-1-3-2
B、3-1-4-2
C、3-1-2-4
D、2-3-1-4
10、Decide on the order of the following sentences. a. It's rare, but not unheard of, for mail to go astray. b. And many corporate mail servers have had growing pains, too, experiencing holdups and the odd deletion. c. On the whole though, you can assume email will arrive. d. However during 1997, AOL and Microsoft Network - to name just the big players - had severe mail outages resulting in the delay, and in some cases loss, of email. e. In general Internet email is considerably more reliable than the postal service. (The Internet and world wide web: The rough guide, (1997), p. 15)
A、e- a- d- b- c
B、a- d- b- c- e
C、b- a- e- d- c
D、a- b- d- c- e
11、Fill in the blank There are three separate sources of hazard related to the use of nuclear reactions to supply us with energy. Firstly, the radioactive material must travel from its place of manufacture to the power station. __________ the power stations themselves are solidly built; the containers used for the transport of the material are not.
A、Moreover
B、Although
C、However
D、Therefore
12、Fill in the blanks. Unfortunately, there are normally only two methods of transport available,_______ road or rail, _______ of these involve close contact with the general public, since the routes are bound to pass near, ___________ through, heavily populated areas.
A、hopefully, neither, although
B、naturally, none, in spite of
C、namely, and both, or even
D、luckily, all, but
13、Fill in the blanks. Secondly, there is the problem of waste. __________ nuclear power stations produce wastes __________ in most cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is impossible to de-activate these wastes, __________ they must be stored in one of the ingenious but cumbersome ways that scientists have invented.
A、All, which, and so
B、No, that, however
C、But, where, but
D、Because, during which, although
14、Fill in the blanks. For example, they may be buried under the ground, dropped into disused mineshafts, __________ sunk in the sea. __________ these methods do not solve the problem; they merely store it, __________ an earthquake could crack open the containers like nuts.
A、and, In brief, due to
B、so, As a result, but
C、or, However, since
D、while, In other words, therefore
15、Use COCA to find out the collocations of the following words. The 3 most frequent adjectives before “improvement” :
A、Significant
B、Great
C、Continuous
D、Big
16、Use COCA to find out the collocations of the following words The 3 most frequent verbs after “report”:
A、is/was
B、said/says
C、released
D、reveals
17、Past, present and present perfect tenses can all be used in the introduction or literature review of a research paper.
18、One paragraph can deal with as many topics as the author wants.
19、We can use different tenses in the discussion of the study according to the circumstance.
20、Fill in the blanks with appropriate transitions from the bank（填序号即可） A but B and C because A machine learning approach is essentially different from a traditional image processing approach, (1) ______ in the former the extracted features are data specific, (2) ______ in the latter features are extracted algorithmically (3) ______are not data specific. 答案示例：A-B-C
21、Fill in the blanks with appropriate transitions from the bank（填序号即可） A. rather than B. both of C. if D. in which Plagiarism is an attempt (1) _______ people pretend that the ideas or words of other people are his or her own. (2) ____ you copy the work of others, it is plagiarism. We should distinguish plagiarism from copyright infringement. These two words have some similarity and difference. The similarity is that they are illegal acts. (3) ______them are based on the theft of intellectual (4) _________ physical property. 答案示例：A-B-C-D
22、Fill in the blanks with appropriate transitions from the bank（填序号即可） A. while B. firstly C. besides There are many differences at the same time. (9)________, plagiarism is normally committed by teachers and students on academic institutions (10)_____ copyright infringement is usually committed by those working in the commercial sector of economy. (11) ______, infringement usually involves the making of money, while plagiarism is committed for other reasons. 答案示例：A-B-C
23、Fill in the blanks with appropriate transitions from the bank（填序号即可） A. In addition B. Nonetheless C. however D. Consequently E. For example When we see photos of outer space, we are struck by its beauty. (1)________, space is deadly place for humans. (2)________, a person cannot survive more than a few seconds in the vacuum of space. (3)________, cosmic radiation damages DNA, affects the central nervous system, and causes cancer. (4)________, space travel for long periods of time is impossible at the moment because astronauts would not survive the trip. (5) ________, scientists have come up with creative ideas to protect astronauts in space. 答案示例：A-B-C-D-E
5. Title, thesis and outline
5.1 Title随堂测验
1、It is essential to demonstrate the logical relationship between noun phrases in the title. The logical relationship can be shown by using appropriate between the noun phrases.
A、conjunctions
B、adjectives
C、adverbs
D、prepositions
2、How to formulate a good title? Choose the correct statements.
A、Use a complex noun phrase instead of an active verb to emphasize the process or effect.
B、When there is no simple answer, it can be effective to write the title as a question.
C、If you cannot show the logic clearly, or if you want to emphasize the conclusion/alternatives/methods in the title, you can use “:” to introduce a subtitle.
D、Abbreviations should be avoided except for some commonly recognized ones.
5.2 Thesis随堂测验
1、Choose the correct statements. A thesis____________.
A、establishes a boundary around the topic
B、charts an orderly route for the paper
C、restates briefly the main points of original source in your own words
D、tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper
2、Choose the correct statements. How to word the thesis?
A、A thesis should contain phrases like “in my opinion” or “I think”.
B、A thesis should be focused on a single idea.
C、A thesis can be worded as a question.
D、A thesis should not be worded in figurative language.
5.3 Outline随堂测验
1、______ means headings of the same level are worded in similar grammatical form so that the clarity and readability of an outline are improved.
A、Parallelism
B、Coordination
C、Subordination
D、Division
2、______ means parent headings of an outline should represent topics that are more general and more important than sublevels under them.
A、Parallelism
B、Coordination
C、Subordination
D、Division
6. Abstract and keywords
6.1 Essentials of an abstract随堂测验
1、“Using statistical approaches applied to HIV-1 sequence data from central Africa … ”(Source: Nuno et al. , 2014. Science) This sentence is about the _____.
A、existing problem
B、methods employed
C、results or findings
D、research background
2、Reorder the following essentials of an abstract. （排序） A. Existing problem B. Conclusion from the research C. Research background D. Methods employed E. Results or findings （请把字母排序，每个字母间用一个空格隔开）
6.2 Sentence templates随堂测验
1、If we want to show that there is a problem against a certain research background, we can use
A、(Problems in certain research area) are …, yet (the present solution) has frequently been questioned because …
B、This paper describes/presents … (the argument) within … (a theoretical context)
C、Based on the idea that …, we conducted the present study, categorized …, and evaluated …
D、While (the debate on certain research subject) seems to …, (the present agreement) is still problematic.
2、“Find, reveal, show, indicate, suggest” are frequently used verbs in results.
6.3 Key words随堂测验
1、Key words are the most repeated words or phrases in your paper.
2、There are usually ___-___key words(填数字), and they are mostly ______ (选填 phrases / single words). （三个答案之间请用一个空格隔开）
Test 3 (Unit 5&6)
1、“The procedure the present study followed can be briefly described as…” This sentence can be use in an abstract to report the ______.
A、background
B、methods
C、results
D、conclusion
2、_______means items at the same level must be equivalent in importance and derived from the same organizing principle.
A、Parallelism
B、Coordination
C、Subordination
D、Division
3、What is the best title among the following 4 titles for a research paper?
A、Social determinants of health: the role of effective communication in the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries
B、The role of effective communication in the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries
C、Social determinants of health and the role of effective communication in the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries
D、Effective communication in the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries
4、The benefits of clarity and easy communication of a unified language compel a state to adopt codes to the effect that make bilingualism possible but preserving a single official language for transacting business and social communications. This is not a good thesis in that__________
A、it is not expressed as a complete sentence.
B、it is not focused on a single idea.
C、it is incoherent.
D、it is worded in figurative language.
5、Findings revealed a significant positive association between perceived friendship quality and resilience. This sentence can be use in an abstract to report the _______
A、Background
B、Method
C、Result
D、Conclusion
6、Please identify the problems of the following title: The H20 2-biosensor: based on PVP and Nano-Au
A、use of abbreviation
B、use of noun phrase
C、use of “:”
D、use of definite article
7、“(The research subject)…,however,(the related problem)…remains unsolved” is used to ____
A、DEFINE the background and argument of the present study
B、DESCRIBE research method and procedures
C、PRESENT results, findings and conclusion
D、
8、Which principle does the following outline violate? 1.1 Purpose of learning a foreign language 1.2 giving us a new tool for communication 1.3 helping us find a good job 1.4 enabling us to know a foreign culture 1.5 broadening our eyesight
A、Parallelism
B、Coordination
C、Subordination
D、Division
9、The Amazons of today are trying to purge all the stag words from our language. This is not a good thesis in that__________.
A、It is worded in figurative language.
B、It does not focus on one idea.
C、It is nonsensical.
D、It does not show the plan of development.
10、Which of the following is the most likely to be key words of a paper?
A、collaborative learning; college students; Academic writing course
B、students; learning; English
C、collaborative learning; college students
D、collaborative learning; college students; Academic writing course; EFL learning; Interview; Dynamic process; Course evaluation
11、Choose the most appropriate answer to complete the following outline and identity the major principle we are applying here. 1. Improvement on producers 1.1 Producing learning materials 1.2 ______________________ 2. _____________________ 2.1 physical environment 2.2 psychological environment
A、to produce learning activities; improving environment; Parallelism
B、producing learning activities; improvement on environment; Parallelism
C、to produce learning activities; improving environment; Coordination
D、producing learning activities; improvement on environment; Coordination
12、Rearrange the order of the following parts for the Abstract (1) Study showed that overall, 64% of students had high critical thinking (40.2±10.4). Chi-square test of independence showed significant relation of critical thinking with curriculum, family economic status, being first child, extracurricular activities, availability of school playground and career counselling services to the students (p-value <0.05). Stratified analysis showed gender and availability of play ground to be associated with critical thinking for federal while for Cambridge system, living with single or both parents, working status of father, sports week and school playground were significantly associated. (2) Present challenge for sustainable development goal four is quality of education for all. Critical thinking is the most important skill that an educational institute gives to students and it should be learning outcome at all levels of education. This study aimed to identify critical thinking and its association with curriculum among college students of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. (3) Overall results suggested that curriculum does have an effect on the critical thinking of students along with facilities available at school. There is need to synergize theoretical and practical approaches in all curriculums to reduce educational inequities. It is needed for growth of our students and to achieve SDG 4 (to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education) in true spirit. (4) It was cross-sectional study with 400 college students from federal and Cambridge system selected by multistage random sampling. Structured questionnaire was used with two sections, i.e., demographic and Cornell critical thinking version X. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.85. Chi square test of association was used for overall and stratified data for inferential analysis.
A、2-1-4-3
B、2-4-1-3
C、2-3-1-4
D、2-3-4-1
13、Rearrange the order of the following sentences to make a coherent and meaningful abstract. (1) These antibodies neutralized 10 representative SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting a possible broader neutralizing ability against other strains. Three immunizations using two different doses, 3 or 6 micrograms per dose, provided partial or complete protection in macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, respectively, without observable antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. (2) The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented public health crisis. Because of the novelty of the virus, there are currently no SARS-CoV-2–specific treatments or vaccines available. (3) Therefore, rapid development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed. (4) Here, we developed a pilot-scale production of PiCoVacc, a purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine candidate, which induced SARS-CoV-2–specific neutralizing antibodies in mice, rats, and nonhuman primates. (5)These data support the clinical development and testing of PiCoVacc for use in humans.
A、34152
B、24513
C、41352
D、23415
14、To study the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among college students in Kerala, India. 5784 students across 58 colleges were self-administered Kessler’s Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and other standardized instruments. Results: The prevalence of psychological distress was 34.8% (Mild-17.3%; Moderate-9.2%; Severe-8.3%) with a female predominance. Students with psychological distress were more likely to report academic failures, substance use, suicidality, sexual abuse and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Students with severe distress had higher morbidity. Psychological distress is common among college students and its association with negative correlates suggests the need for early interventions Find out what is missing in the above abstract.
A、Background
B、Method
C、Result
D、Conclusion
15、The logical relationship in a title can be shown by the following ways
A、using “:” to introduce a subtitle.
B、using abbreviations
C、using a question
D、using appropriate prepositions between the noun phrases.
16、Which items in the following outline follow the requirements of parallelism?
A、Teachers should help students cultivate the habit of learning in an active way.
B、Giving students opportunities to practice what they have learned
C、Improving the ways of teaching so as to arouse students’ interest
D、To increase elective courses to meet students' different interests
17、Critical thinking is a core element of higher nursing education that needs to be promoted during university study. However, lecturing as a teaching method is still heavily used by nurse educators, and nursing students have few opportunities to develop critical thinking skills. A quasi-experimental study was conducted (n = 50). Students in the experimental group were arranged into small cooperative groups and completed the clinical practice together, whereas those in the control group practiced individually. After the intervention, total and subscale scores of critical thinking dispositions were significantly higher in the experimental rather than in the control group. The percentage for experiencing positive inclinations or strong dispositions toward critical thinking was 100% among the experimental group, whereas it was 85% among the control group. It is concluded that the cooperative learning-based clinical practicum is helpful for promoting students' critical thinking dispositions. Which of the following might be key words for this paper?
A、cooperative learning
B、lecturing
C、Nursing education
D、Critical thinking
18、Abbreviations should be avoided except for some commonly recognized ones.
19、A thesis can start with phrases like “in my opinion” or “I think”.
20、Discussion and conclusion can be combined into one part.
21、We should have as many subheadings as possible in an outline in order to clearly show the inner logic of our paper.
22、Key words are the most repeated words in your article.
7. Introduction
7.1 Three moves in an introduction随堂测验
1、In the ___ move, why this research is important and interesting can be shown.
A、first
B、second
C、third
D、
2、While results are indispensable in an abstract, they are usually not included in an introduction.
7.2 Details about each move随堂测验
1、In the first move, you are supposed to
A、introduce the topic
B、refer to previous studies
C、show the topic’s importance
D、point out the gap on the topic
2、In the second move, you can establish a niche by finding something contradictory or deficient in the previous studies.
7.3 Sentence templates随堂测验
1、In which move of the introduction can the following sentences be used? 1. The nature of …… remains unclear.
A、1
B、2
C、3
D、
2、The purpose of this investigation is to explore……
A、1
B、2
C、3
D、
3、In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in …..
A、1
B、2
C、3
D、
8. Method and result
8.1 Method: quantitative and qualitative随堂测验
1、Methods section can involve _________.
A、study design
B、participants or materials
C、instruments
D、Data collection and analysis
2、Two types of methods mentioned in our lecture are 1) ____method and 2) ____method. （两个答案之间请用一个空格隔开）
8.2 Results: tables and figures随堂测验
1、In result section, you can cite a figure from some other research.
2、When you are more concentrating on overall pattern instead of individual data values, you can use a ___——(选填table / figure).
8.3 Analysis of examples随堂测验
1、The first sentence is the general description of what the table or figure is about.
2、When you report the details of the table, you have to describe everything listed in the table.
Test 4 (Unit 7&8)
1、When you are working with numbers, concentrating on individual data values, or when accurate or precise values are important, you can use a______. But when you are working with the shape, concentrating on overall pattern or when accurate or precise values are less important, you can use a______.
A、table… table
B、table…figure
C、figure…table
D、figure…figure
2、Each table must be titled and numbered consecutively, with title /legend going ______________ the table. Each figure must be numbered consecutively and complete with title/legend going __________ the figure.
A、above…under
B、above…above
C、under…above
D、under…under
3、Which layout of the table is more appropriate? Table 1： Advantage Mean SD. Percentage of agreement Percentage of disagreement Convenience 5.79 1.03 82.10% 5.96% Practicability 5.09 2.74 68.07% 14.02% Table 2： Advantage Mean SD. Percentage of agreement Percentage of disagreement Convenience 5.79 1.03 82.10% 5.96% Practicability 5.09 2.74 68.07% 14.02%
A、Table 1
B、Table 2
C、
D、
4、Which of the following statements about the second move of an introduction is FALSE?
A、If you try to outline previous research and show where their research has missed the niche, you can use “however, little research has been conducted on…”
B、If you want to connect what has been done on this topic to your own work, you can use a connector statement, such as “but” or “while.”
C、If you are developing your own line of inquiry into the topic, you can say: Hence additional research is needed.
D、If you’d like to show a contradiction, you can use “however, recent experiments in our laboratory shows that…”
5、The sentence "The mechanisms that underpin X are not fully understood" is _____.
A、to refer to previous research
B、to identify a research gap
C、to develop your own line of inquiry into the topic
D、to identify the purpose of your research
6、The sentence “In the literature on X, the relative importance of Y has been subject to considerable discussion” is to ______.
A、make a counterclaim
B、outline why the topic is relevant or interesting
C、raise some specific research questions
D、state your objectives
7、排序题 (Source: Zeng et al., 2008. Tsinghua Science and Technology) 1） Most current studies are focusing on analyzing the critical factors which will affect the application and proliferation of e-business technology in organizations based on the technology adoption model (TAM), neglecting the study on how e-business impacts the organizational behavior. However, e-business applications in an organization are a series of continuous activities, so it is more valuable to explore the implementation and application of this new technology on organizational changes than only analyzing the adoption of e-business. 2） This paper presents an e-business transformation process model based on organization transformation theory, which will help enterprise implement e-business transformation strategies more effectively. 3） E-business is not just one choice available to enterprises, but every business will become an e-business. Enterprises are being pushed into global competition with the boom of information technology (IT) based on the Internet, with e-business becoming the main platform for many enterprises. The traditional business management and operation models cannot be easily fitted into the new economic environment and there are new forms of competition. Therefore, enterprises need to implement organizational changes to take full advantage of the e-business opportunities; otherwise, they will be forced out of business.
A、1-2-3
B、3-2-1
C、3-1-2
D、1-3-2
8、You don’t describe everything in the figure or the table, the basic rule is to choose the most important information. The important information should be
A、Information relating to your research questions
B、Information showing significance (e.g. p<0.05)
C、Information demonstrating maximum /minimum score or similarities/differences
D、Information showing turning points
9、Which of the following sentences may appear in an introduction?
A、Even though psychology has cataloged a long list of East-West differences, it still lacks an accepted explanation of what causes these differences.
B、In today’s world of social media, the socialization of children must involve many different mediums and approaches.
C、The results indicate that there are significant differences between draft/ revised/ final research papers, and that most students improve their academic writing skills.
D、Academic writing has been the subject of instruction and research for decades in most western universities.
10、Which of the following statements about an abstract and an introduction are correct?
A、The conclusion should be given in an abstract but not in an introduction.
B、They both show the results.
C、They both mention the research background.
D、They both report the methods.
11、To show your topic’s relevance, your introduction should establish the topic within the realm of real-world circumstances of present day research.
12、A literature review is actually a longer and more detailed introduction because it also includes three moves.
13、For research papers on engineering or scientific studies, there is usually a separate part of literature review while for many social studies, there is only the introduction.
14、The data collected from open-ended questions in a questionnaire is quantitative data.
15、请将下列段落排序，序号请按照前后顺序分别填入15-22题中，即在各题中各填入一个数字。 注：若排序顺序为1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8，则在第15题中填入1，第16题中填入2，以此类推。 (Source: Tilman & Clark, 2014. Nature) 1) Because it directly links and negatively affects human and environmental health, the global dietary transition is one of the great challenges facing humanity. Meaningful solutions will not be easily achieved. Solutions will require analyses of the quantitative linkages between diets, the environment and human health, on which we focus here, and the efforts of nutritionists, agriculturists, public health professionals, educators, policy makers and food industries. 2) Next we use about 50 years of data for 100 of the world’s more populous nations to analyze global dietary trends and their drivers, then use this information to forecast future diets should past trends continue. To quantify effects of alternative diets on mortality and on type II diabetes, cancer and chronic coronary heart disease, we compile and summarize results of studies encompassing ten million person-years of observations on diet and health. 3) Agriculture is having increasingly strong global impacts on both the environment and human health, often driven by dietary changes. Global agriculture and food production release more than 25% of all greenhouse gases (GHGs) pollute fresh and marine waters with agrochemicals, and use as cropland or pastureland about half of the ice-free land area of Earth. Despite the intensity and impacts of global agriculture, almost a billion people still suffer from inadequate diets and insecure food supplies. 4) Finally, we combine these relationships with projected increases in global population to forecast global environmental implications of current dietary trajectories and to calculate the environmental benefits of diets associated with lower incidences of chronic non-communicable diseases. 5) Moreover, the global transition towards diets high in processed foods, refined sugars, refined fats, oils and meats has contributed to 2.1billion people becoming overweight or obese. These dietary shifts and resulting increases in body mass indices (BMI) are associated with increased global incidences of chronic non-communicable diseases, especially type II diabetes, coronary heart disease and some cancers, which are predicted to become two-thirds of the global burden of disease if dietary trends continue. 6) To do so, we first expand on earlier food lifecycle analyses (LCAs) by searching for all published LCAs of GHG emissions of food crop, livestock, fishery and aquaculture production systems that delimited the full ‘cradle to farm gate’ portion of the food/crop lifecycle. 7) Here we compile and analyse global-level data to quantify relationships among diet, environmental sustainability and human health, evaluate potential future environmental impacts of the global dietary transition and explore some possible solutions to the diet–environment–health trilemma (Methods and Supplementary Information). 8) In China, for instance, as incomes increased and diets changed, the incidence of type II diabetes increased from <1% of its population in 1980 to 10% in 2008, partly because type II diabetes occurs at lower BMI levels and earlier in an individual’s life in Asian than in western populations. Moreover, diet-driven increases in global food demand and increases in population are leading to clearing of tropical forests, savannas and grasslands, which threatens species with extinction. 现在请在本题中填入第一个序号。
16、请填入第二个序号。
17、请填入第三个序号。
18、请填入第四个序号。
19、请填入第五个序号。
20、请填入第六个序号。
21、请填入第七个序号。
22、请填入第八个序号。
9. Discussion, conclusion, citations and references
9.1 Discussion随堂测验
1、You can both use sources in literature review and add new sources to analyze your findings in the discussion.
2、It is advisable to compare the author’s results with those of the prior studies in discussion.
9.2 Conclusion随堂测验
1、Here are the essentials of a conclusion, please fill the blanks with the words in the box. i. Summary of major _______ arguments background methods activities
2、ii. Summary of ________ discussion questions definitions findings
3、iii. ______ of the findings Implication Denying Discussion Limitations of the research Suggestion for future research
9.3 Citations随堂测验
1、The flipped classroom paradigm has recently emerged from K-12 education (Ash, 2012). In this sentence, the name Ash is inside the brackets because_________
A、the name of author is part of the formal structure of the sentence.
B、the name of author is in the brackets when it is not part of the sentence.
C、In-text citations should always be put in the brackets.
D、There is only one author in this in-text citation.
2、What’s the order of the following in-text citations in APA format?
A、(Akinoglu & Yasar, 2007; Güler, 2008; Yeh & Cheng, 2010; Casteleyn & Mottart, 2012)
B、(Akinoglu & Yasar, 2007; Casteleyn & Mottart, 2012; Güler, 2008; Yeh & Cheng, 2010)
C、(Güler, 2008; Akinoglu & Yasar, 2007; Yeh & Cheng, 2010; Casteleyn & Mottart, 2012)
D、(Güler, 2008; Akinoglu & Yasar, 2007; Casteleyn & Mottart, 2012; Yeh & Cheng, 2010)
9.4 References随堂测验
1、For a journal article, the journal name, volume number and the page number should be italicized.
2、The sources of in-text citations should be exactly the same as those listed in the references, no more no less.
10. Presentation
10.1 Speech content随堂测验
1、The purpose of an attention getter is to attract the attention of the audience, so it doesn’t matter whether the attention getter is related to your topic or not.
2、The speaker said “Here we are, 700 interviews and 5 years of research” to establish credibility.
10.2 Speech delivery随堂测验
1、If you feel you are not fully prepared, you can use s
中国大学学术英语写作与演讲
1. 学术英语写作
学术英语写作是高校教学和研究的重要组成部分，是学生提高科研能力、论文发表能力和国际交流能力的关键。在大学学术英语写作中，学生需要掌握以下几个方面的技能：
- 阅读和理解学术文献
- 撰写学术论文
- 运用学术写作工具
阅读学术文献是学术写作的基础，通过阅读，可以了解前人的研究现状和成果，为自己的研究提供依据。同时，阅读也需要掌握一定的技巧，如快速定位和筛选重点信息。
学术论文是学术界交流和评估的主要方式，因此学生需要掌握撰写学术论文的技巧和规范。其中包括论文结构、语言风格、引用格式等方面。
学生在学术写作中需要使用一些专业的写作工具，如EndNote、SPSS等。掌握这些工具的使用，可以提高学生的工作效率和论文质量。
2. 学术演讲
学术演讲是学生展示研究成果和交流学术观点的重要方式，也是提高学生表达能力和自信心的有效途径。在大学学术演讲中，学生需要注意以下几点：
- 准备充分
- 语言表达自如
- 与观众互动
- 表达清晰明了
在演讲前，学生需要对演讲内容进行充分准备，包括演讲结构、资料准备和语言表达等方面。同时，也需要做好意外情况的应对准备。
学生在演讲过程中需要有自信地使用英语，掌握基本的语音语调和表达技巧，同时也需要注意语法和用词准确性。
学生在演讲中需要与观众建立良好的关系，例如使用幽默、提问和回答等方式进行互动。这样可以有效地吸引观众的注意力，增强演讲效果。
学生在演讲中需要简洁明了地表达研究成果和观点，避免使用过于复杂的语言和术语，以确保观众能够理解。
