尔雅发育生物学_1课后答案(学习通2023题目答案)
第二章测试
1、尔雅Which of the following is 发育a germ cell?
A、cells of the gonads
B、生物intestinal cells
C、学课习通sperm and eggs
D、后答zygotes
2、案学Which of the following basic developmental processes is 题目most dependent on cellular movements?
A、cell differentiation
B、答案growth
C、尔雅morphogenesis
D、发育pattern formation
3、生物A morphogen is
A、学课习通a cell or group of cells that signal other cells to become determined in a specific way
B、后答a gene that causes a cell or group of cells to adopt a particular shape
C、案学a signaling molecule that causes the differentiation of neighboring cells
D、题目a signaling molecule that confers concentration-dependent positional information
4、What distinguishes stem cells from other cell types?
A、Although all cell types can divide, only stem cells differentiate after division.
B、Stem cells are able to divide to produce populations of cells that differentiate into a related set of cells.
C、Stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to one daughter cell that remains a stem cell, and a second daughter cell that differentiates into one or more cell types.
D、Stem cells have a special type of cell division in which they form small stems that then pinch off to give rise to the daughter cell.
第三章 脊椎动物生命周期和发育概要
第三章测试
1、Which of the following is a vertebrate 'model organism' used in the study of development?
A、Drosophila melanogaster
B、Homo sapiens
C、Caenorhabditis elegans
D、Xenopus laevis
2、The nervous system, heart, and liver are derived from ( ), ( ), and ( ), respectively.
A、all are derived from mesoderm
B、ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
C、endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
D、mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm
第四章 体轴建立
第四章测试
1、The 'organizer' in Xenopus is responsible for
A、inducing a mesodermal fate in nearby cells
B、helping to pattern the mesoderm along the dorso-ventral axis
C、specifying the dorsal region of the embryo
D、all of these events
2、A key factor that specifies the organizer in Xenopus embryos is:
A、GSK-3β
B、Fz7
C、Wnt-11
D、β-catenin
3、Maternal factors are
A、the energy-rich yolk present in the eggs of many species
B、the genes contributed to the embryo by the maternal haploid genome
C、the genes expressed by the zygotic genome in the egg
D、developmentally active mRNAs and proteins packaged into the egg by the mother
4、The positioning of the dorso-ventral axis in Xenopus is deter mined by ( ), while the positioning of the antero-posterior axis in chicks is deternined by ( ).
A、gravity; point of sperm entry
B、maternal factors in both cases
C、position in the egg chamber; gravity
D、the point of sperm entry; gravity
第五章 胚胎来源和特化
第五章测试
1、If cells from the animal pole of a Xenopus blastula (animal cap cells) are placed in direct contact with cells from the vegetal region, what is the result?
A、An embryo forms with only ectodermal and endodermal derivatives.
B、Animal cap cells are induced by the vegetal cells to form meso dermal derivatives.
C、The embryo regulates and forms a normal embryo.
D、Vegetal hemisphere cells are induced by the animal cap cells to form mesodermal derivatives.
2、Vg-1, Nodals, BMPs and activin are all members of which family of signaling molecules?
A、FGF
B、Hedgehog
C、TGF-β
D、Wnt
3、The Brachury protein is
A、an early marker of the mesoderm
B、an early marker of the endoderm
C、expressed throughout the ectoderm
D、only expressed after gastrulation
4、Endoderm and mesoderm are specified in the zebrafish blastoderm by
A、signals from the shield region
B、maternal signaling molecules laid down in the egg
C、a gradient of β-catenin signaling
D、a gradient of Nodal signaling
第六章 体节
第六章测试
1、Somites will give rise to
A、heart and blood
B、internal organs of the abdomen
C、the vertebral column and skeletal muscles
D、the spinal cord
2、Somite formation in chicks proceeds
A、from anterior to posterior, as Hensen's node retreats
B、from posterior to anterior, as the primitive streak elongates
C、from the dorsal midline outward, into lateral plate
D、simultaneously along the axis
3、Hox genes that are expressed more anteriorly comprise Hox genes
A、with all possible numbers and letters, since there is no system tic relationship between the gene designations and the expression patterns of the Hox genes
B、with higher numbers, such as Hoxa13
C、with letters, so that anterior genes are Hoxa1-13, and posterior genes are Hoxp1-13
D、with lower numbers, such as Hoxa1.
4、Neural crest cells will contribute to which tissues or structures?
A、melanocytes in the skin
B、mesoderm of the face and skulll
C、peripheral nervous system
D、all of these
第七章 细胞分化与干细胞
第七章测试
1、The many different cell types in the blood of an adult mammal are derived from
A、a single type of multipotent stem cell found in the bone marrow
B、differentiated cells that first developed in the fetal liver, but now reside in the bone marrow
C、division of differentiated cell types while circulating in the blood
D、stem cells that became committed to each specific blood celll type during embryonic development
2、The stem cells responsible for renewal of the keratinocytes of the skin are found in which layer of the epidermis?
A、basal lanina
B、basal layer
C、dermis
D、keratinocyte layer
3、The introduction of myoD into fibroblasts will cause
A、apoptosis
B、commitment to the mveloid lineage
C、differentiation into muscle cells
D、formation of red blood cells
4、Differentiation, as opposed to determination, of muscle cells is dependent on
A、Mrf4
B、Myf5
C、MyoD
D、myogenin
第八章 器官形成-附肢
第八章测试
1、Removal of the apical ectodermal ridge of a limb bud leads to
A、continued development of the proximal structures, but no formation of new distal structures
B、degeneration of the limb bud
C、regeneration of a new apical ridge from adjacent epidermal tissue
D、regeneration of the entire limb bud from underlying mesoderm
2、Grafting of a second polarizing region into the anterior region of a limb bud results in
A、formation of additional digits in mirror symmetry with the nor mal digits
B、formation of a second limb bud at the site of the graft
C、formation of new digits that lack any specific identity
D、formation of new digits, but only those of anterior identity
3、The programmed cell death that separates the digits is dependent upon which signaling pathway?
A、BMP
B、FGF
C、Shh
D、Wnt
第九章 生长-发育
第九章测试
1、Growth is stimulated by which signaling molecules?
A、insulin
B、IGF-1 and -2
C、FGF
D、all of these may stimulate growth
2、Growth in the length of long bones in vertebrates occurs in the
A、diaphysis
B、epiphysis
C、growth plate
D、ossification centers
3、Which of the following statements is true?
A、The genes involved in cancer are all classed as oncogenes.
B、All genes involved in cancer are of a class called tumor suppressor genes.
C、Both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are involved in cancer.
D、No unifying classifications can be applied to the genes involved in cancer.
第十章 再生
第十章测试
1、Epimorphosis is regeneration through
A、repatterning of existing cells without a requirement for new growth, as occurs in Hydra
B、repatterning of existing cells without a requirement for new growth, as occurs in newts
C、the reinitiation of division in existing cells and new growth, followed by patterning, as occurs in newts
D、the reinitiation of division in existing cells and new growth, followed by patterning, as occurs in Hydra.
2、If the nerve supply to a newt limb is severed before amputation, how will this affect regeneration?
A、A blastema will form but will not grow, and regeneration will fail.
B、No regeneration occurs, and the stump heals over as it would in a mammal.
C、Outgrowth will occur, but the identity of the limb will be lost and normal proximo-distal patterning will not occur.
D、Regeneration of most tissues will occur normally, but regeneration of the nerves will not occur.
