尔雅History of Western Landscape Architecture_1期末答案(学习通2023完整答案)
38 min read尔雅History of Western Landscape Architecture_1期末答案(学习通2023完整答案)
1.1 To Enjoy Spring in Wonderful Gardens (I)——The idea and definition of landscape architecture随堂测验
1、Which one has the longest history of Chinese traditonal gardens in Suzhou gardens?末答
A、Pavilion of Surging Waves
B、案学Lion Grove
C、习通The完整 Humble Administrator's Garden
D、Lingering Garden
2、答案Which one has the biggest area of Chinese traditional gardens in Suzhou gardens?尔雅
A、Pavilion of Surging Waves
B、末答Lion Grove
C、案学The习通 Humble Administrator's Garden
D、Lingering Garden
1.2 To Enjoy Spring in Wonderful Gardens (II)——The完整 basic elements of landscape architecture随堂测验
1、What are the main components of garden?答案
A、Terrace
B、尔雅Water system
C、末答Plants
D、案学Architecture
1.3 Field Trip and Trace for Thousand Years (I)——History of Chinese and Western landscape architecture (from 2700 BC up to now)随堂测验
1、Which ones is a part of the developement course of western gardens?
A、Ancient gardening period
B、Renaissance gardening period
C、Classical gardening period
D、English landscape gardens
2、Which one is a part of development course of Chinese traditional gardens?
A、generation period
B、transitional period
C、prosperous days
D、mature period
1.4 Field Trip and Trace for Thousand Years (II)——Comparison of artistic features of Chinese and western landscape architecture随堂测验
1、Which factors could influence the history of landscape architecture?
A、Religion
B、Philosophy
C、Culture
D、Location
Chapter 2 The Art Characteristics of Ancient Gardening Period
2.1 Call of The Pharaohs From 7000 Years Ago——The development history and artistic characteristics of ancient Egyptian gardens (from 2700 BC to 1000 BC)随堂测验
1、Which of the following is the main element for ancient Egyptian gardens?
A、Pylon
B、Forest
C、Hunting garden
D、Hanging garden
2.2 Secrets of Hanging Gardens——The development process and artistic characteristics of ancient Babylon gardens (from 2700 BC to 1000 BC)随堂测验
1、Please determine which of the following is not the influence factors of ancient Babylonian garden features?
A、Abundant forest resources
B、Pursuit to eternal life
C、Advances in irrigation technology
D、Development of building technology
2.3 Splendor In The Classical Period——The development course and artistic characteristics of ancient Greek gardens (from 1400 BC to 500 AD)随堂测验
1、Please determine which of the following types of gardens belong to the public gardens in ancient Greek gardens?
A、The Sacred Wood
B、Baths
C、Gardens for philosophers
D、Arena
2.4 Greatness Buried for Thousand Years (I)——The development course and influence factors of ancient Roman gardens (from 1400BC to 500AD)随堂测验
1、What are the main types of ancient Roman gardens?
A、Gardens planting fruits and vegetables
B、Gardens in country estate
C、Public gardens
D、Urban residential gardens
2.5 Greatness Buried for Thousand Years (I)——The artistic characteristics of suburb villa gardens in ancient Roman (from 1400 BC to 500 AD)随堂测验
1、Please determine which of the following are the main elements of Roman country estate gardens?
A、Sculpture
B、Colonnade
C、Cannel
D、Dinning garden
2.6 Greatness Buried for Thousand Years (I)——The artistic characteristics of urban residential gardens in ancient Roman (from 1400 BC to 500 AD)随堂测验
1、Please determine which of the following were the main landscaping elements of the ancient Roman urban residential gardens?
A、Sculpture
B、Colonnade
C、Fountain
D、Wall painting
Chapter 3 The Art Characteristics of Medieval Gardening Period
3.1 Fireworks In The Dark Ages——Overview of western European gardens and features of Monastic gardens (5th to 14th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following elements are common plant landscapes in medieval gardens?
A、Knot garden
B、Maze garden
C、Gardens for fruits and vegetable
D、Herb garden
3.2 Widespread Islamic Culture (I)——The artistic features and influence factors of Persian Islamic gardens (5th to 14th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following is the influence of Persian Islamic gardens on Mughal gardens in India?
A、Building located on the axis
B、Cross quarries
C、Gardens enclosed by buildings
D、Shady trees
3.3 Widespread Islamic Culture (II)——The influence of Persian Islamic garden art of the characteristics of Indian Mughal gardens (5th to 14th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following is the main feature description of the Taj mahal in India?
A、Building located on the axis
B、Cross-quadrangle road
C、Pool in the junction of a road and a canal
D、Colorful plants
3.4 Widespread Islamic Culture (III)——The influence of Persian Islamic garden art on the characteristics of Spanish Moorish gardens (5th to 14th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following gardening elements belong to the Spanish Moorish garden in the middle ages?
A、Crossed channel
B、Knot garden
C、Garden enclosed by a colonnade
D、Color ceramic mosaics
Chapter 4 The Art Characteristics of Renaissance Gardening Period
4.1 Lucky Villa Life (I)——The development course and influence factors of Italian Renaissance gardens (14th to early 17th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Please choose the names of the “Three Greatest artists” in Renaissance?
A、Dante
B、Leonardo Da Vinci
C、Rafael
D、Michelangelo
4.2 Lucky Villa Life (II)——Artistic features in early stage of Italian Renaissance garden development (14th to early 16th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following are the influence factors that promoted the art style of Italian Renaissance gardens?
A、Mountains in Italy
B、Renaissance
C、Classical aesthetics
D、Artists as Michelangelo
4.3 Unrestrained Fantasy (I)——Artistic features in the heyday of Italian Renaissance garden development (Mid-16th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following belong to the waterscape of Villa d’ Este using mechanical technology for soundscape?
A、The Hundred Fountain
B、The Dragon Fountain
C、Water Organ
D、Water Theatre
4.4 Unrestrained Fantasy (II)——Comparison of garden features in the heyday of Italian Renaissance gardens (Mid-16th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following garden in ancient Rome is the dinning garden in Villa Lante imitated from?
A、Pompeii City
B、Hadrian’s Villa
C、Adonis roof garden
D、Gardens for philosophers
4.5 Unrestrained Fantasy (III)——Artistic features of Italian Renaissance gardens by the end of development (Late 16th Century)随堂测验
1、Which of the following are the main elements of Italian Renaissance gardens?
A、Plants
B、Waterscape
C、Sculpture
D、Stonework
4.6 Taste Under Strict Rules (I)——The history of spreading of Renaissance garden art to France (Mid-16th to early 17th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following may promote the spread of Renaissance garden art to France?
A、Napoli expedition
B、Fran?ois I expedition
C、Influence of Renaissance
D、Yearning for Italian Renaissance gardens
4.7 Taste Under Strict Rules (II)——The influence of Renaissance garden art on the characteristics of French gardens (Mid-16th Century)随堂测验
1、Which of the following are the main elements of French Renaissance gardens?
A、Patterned flower bed
B、Embroidered flower bed
C、Channel
D、Vegetable garden
Chapter 5 The Art Characteristics of Classical Gardening Period
5.1 Foundation of Classicism Aesthetics——The development process and influence factors of French gardens (Mid-16th to early 18th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following landscape style ever emerged in the development course of French gardens?
A、Renaissance gardens
B、gardens with Le Notre’s style
C、Classical gardens
D、English landscape garden
5.2 Extravagant Flaunt of The Minister——Artistic features in the heyday of French landscape architecture (First half of 17th Century)随堂测验
1、Which of the following is not the main feature of French classical gardens?
A、Embroidered flower beds
B、The canal
C、Fountains
D、Patterned flower beds
5.3 King’s Vigorous Ambition——The development of French gardens and characteristics of classical gardens (16th to 17th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following are the main elements of French classical gardens?
A、Embroidered flower beds
B、Patterned flower beds
C、the water mirror
D、Bosco
5.4 Ambition to Conquer Nature (I)——The spreading approaches and influence factors of Le Notre’s garden art to Spain (17th Century)随堂测验
1、Which of the following is belonged to the history of gardens in Spain?
A、Moorish gardens
B、Classical gardens
C、Renaissance gardens
D、Modern landscape architecture
5.5 Ambition to Conquer Nature (II)——The influence of Le Notre’s gardens art on the features of Spanish gardens随堂测验
1、Which of the following is not the main feature of Spanish classical gardens?
A、Cross-shaped canal
B、Lardge pool
C、Flower beds with trees
D、Fine fountains
5.6 Faithful imitators (I)——The spreading approaches and influence factors of Le Notre’s garden art to Germany (17th Century)随堂测验
1、Please determine which of the following are possible factors to promote the spread of French classical garden art to Germany?
A、France is the neighbor of Germany
B、Influence of French court culture
C、Design by French gardeners
D、The long-term war
5.7 Faithful imitators (II)——The influence of Le Notre’s garden art on the characteristics of German gardens (17th Century)随堂测验
1、Which of the following are not the main elements of German classical gardens?
A、Pool
B、Canal
C、Flower beds surrounded by channel
D、Theatre with green shade
5.8 Belated Heyday of Landscape Gardening——The influence of Le Notre’s garden art on the characteristics of Dutch gardens (17th Century)随堂测验
1、Which of the following are the main elements of Dutch classical gardens?
A、The slender channel
B、Embroidered flower beds
C、Plant sculpture
D、Fountains
5.9 Dignified Elegance of Tudor Dynasty——The influence of Le Notre’s garden art on English regular gardens (17th Century)随堂测验
1、Please determine which of the following are the elements of British regular gardens?
A、Funny waterscape
B、Plant sculpture
C、Flower beds
D、Boulevard
Chapter 6 The Art Characteristics of English Landscape Gardens
6.1 Dramatic Changes In Landscape Architecture (I)——The development course and influence factors of English landscape gardens (18th Century)随堂测验
1、Which of the following is the developing stages of English landscape garden?
A、Irregular gardening period
B、Natural landscape garden
C、Ranch-style gardens
D、Painterly gardening period
6.2 Dramatic Changes In Landscape Architecture (I)——Artistic features of irregular natural landscape gardens in Britain (early 18th Century)随堂测验
1、Which of the following gardening techniques was used by designers in the Castle Howard?
A、Natural changes under the geometric layout
B、Line was changed into curve
C、Broad composition and clean view of landscape
D、To imitate the traditional Chinese gardens
6.3 Poets’ Sense and Painters’ Eyes——Artistic features of British natural landscape gardens (1830s to 1850s)随堂测验
1、Which of the following are main elements of English landscape garden in the UK?
A、Ha-ha Wall
B、Undulated terrain
C、Winding river
D、Scarce forest and grassland landscape
6.4 Pure and Romantic Pastoral Scenery——Artistic features of British pasture-style Landscape garden (1860s to 1880s)随堂测验
1、Which of the following is the respective designer for English landscape gardens in the stage of Ranch-style gardening periosd?
A、John Vanbrugh
B、William Kent
C、L. Brown
D、William Chambers
6.5 History Origins Between Chinese Tower In Kew Garden and The Porcelain Tower In Nanjing City (I)——The spreading history of Chinese garden art to the west (1880s to 1890s)随堂测验
1、Which of the following is not the main factor to promote the spread of Chinses garden culture to the west countries?
A、John Neuhoff
B、William Chambers
C、Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairytales
D、George III
6.6 History Origins Between Chinese Tower In Kew Garden and The Porcelain Tower In Nanjing City (II)——The influence of Chinese garden art on western landscape architecture (1880s to 1890s)随堂测验
1、Which of the following designers has effectively promoted the spread of Chinese garden culture to the west countries?
A、Lancelot Brown
B、William Chambers
C、William Kent
D、John Neuhoff
6.7 Romantic Country Melody (I)——The influence of English landscape garden art on the characteristics of French gardens (18th Century)随堂测验
1、Which of the following are not the main elements of French landscape gardens?
A、Tombs of celebrities
B、The mill
C、The ruins
D、The blockhouse
6.8 Romantic Country Melody (I)——The influence of English landscape garden art on the characteristics of German gardens (18th Century)随堂测验
1、Which of the following are the main elements of German landscape gardens?
A、The ruins
B、The blockhouse
C、Tombs of celebrities
D、Chinese architecture
Chapter 7 The Art Characteristics of Gardens in other European Countries
7.1 Tolerance In Changing Dynasties (I)——The development course of Spanish landscape architecture (15th to 18th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following are main gardening elements of Spanish Moorish gardens?
A、Cross-shaped channel
B、Carved arch on colonnade
C、Color mosaic decoration
D、Patterned flower bed
7.2 Tolerance In Changing Dynasties (I)——Spanish art nouveau movement and features of landscape architecture (19th to 20th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following is works of Antoni Gaudi as the representative of the Spanish art nouveau movement?
A、Parc Güell
B、CASA MILà
C、Casa Batlló
D、Basílica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família
7.3 From Conformism To Tremendous Changes (I)——The development history of German landscape architecture (17th to 19th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following are not the main feature of the German Renaissance and classical gardens?
A、Embroidered flower beds
B、Chinese architectures
C、The green theater
D、Irrgarten
7.4 From Conformism To Tremendous Changes (I)——German modernism design and artistic characteristics of landscape architecture (19th to 20th Centuries)随堂测验
1、Which of the following representatives are viewed as the founders of modernist architecture design?
A、Walter Gropius
B、Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe
C、Le Corbusier
D、Frank Lloyd Wright
Chapter 8 The Emerge of Urban Park and The Development of urban Park Systems
8.1 Magnificent Transformation of Arenas and Baths as ‘Public Gardens’——The embryonic form of western urban parks随堂测验
1、Which of the following gardens are open to the public?
A、Olympic Stadium in ancient Greek
B、The Sacred Wood
C、Philosophers’ Academy
D、Training grounds
8.2 Emergence of Urban Public Parks——The development course of urban parks in Britain: Birkenhead Park随堂测验
1、Which of the following are called “pioneers of the urban landscape architecture”?
A、Joseph Paxton
B、Frederick L. Olmsted
C、Adolphe Alphand
D、Baron Haussmann
8.3 Development of Urban Public Parks——The development process of urban parks in France: Parc des Buttes-Chaumont随堂测验
1、Which of the following designers won the competition of Parc de la Villette in France?
A、Rem Koolhaas
B、Burle Marx
C、Bernard Tschumi
D、Dan Kelly
8.4 Succession and Friendship (I)——The landmark of modern American landscape architecture: The central park in New York随堂测验
1、Which of the following is called as “the father of modern American landscape architecture”?
A、Andrew Downing
B、Calvert Vaux
C、Frederick Law Olmsted
D、Charles Eliot
8.5 Succession and Friendship (II)——Formation and development of American metropolitan park systems: The emerald necklace随堂测验
1、Which of the following is called as “the father of metropolitan park systems in America”?
A、Andrew J. Downing
B、Frederick L. Olmsted
C、Calvert Vaux
D、Charles Eliot
Chapter 9 Landscape Architects and Art Schools of Modern Landscape and Ecological Design
9.1 Awakening of Ecological Consciousness (I)——Evolution of theories and methods of ecological planning and design of western landscape architecture随堂测验
1、Which of the following was the first generation of modern landscape architects 1940s, and was the pioneer of American “California Garden Style”?
A、Thomas Church
B、Garrett Eckbo
C、Dan Kiley
D、James C. Rose
2、Which of the following is a practice of landscape architecture with minimalism art since the 1970s?
A、Parc Andrè-Citro?n
B、Parc de la Villette
C、National 911 Memorial
D、Bagel Garden
9.2 Awakening of Ecological Consciousness (II)——Case studies on practices of ecological planning and design of western landscape architecture随堂测验
1、Which of the following disciplines has influenced the development of ecological planning?
A、Geography
B、Ecology
C、Landscape Ecology
D、Landscape Aesthetics
2、Which of the following design pioneers have promoted the development of ecological planning and design of landscape architecture?
A、Philip Levies
B、Lawrence Halprin
C、Ian L. MacHag
D、Frederick Steiner
3、Which of the following cases belong to the ecological design of landscape architecture?
A、Landschaftspark Duisburg Nord
B、The High Line Park in New York
C、The Gasworks Park
D、The Freshkills Park
学习通History of Western Landscape Architecture_1
西方景观建筑的历史可以追溯到古希腊和古罗马时期，当时的人们通过几何学和对自然的观察来设计和规划公共空间。直到中世纪，教堂和修道院的花园成为了主要的景观设计类型。
文艺复兴时期，意大利花园成为了景观建筑的重要代表，通过对古典艺术的模仿和对几何学原则的运用，创造了许多典雅的花园，如弗拉明戈花园和维拉·达斯特。这一时期还出现了第一本现代景观设计书籍《小小的田园》。
18世纪，法国成为了景观建筑的中心，这一时期的设计风格主要是以装饰为主，如凡尔赛宫和卢浮宫花园。19世纪，英国的浪漫主义运动影响了景观建筑的设计，注重自然的表现和创造出与自然相融合的环境，如海德公园和里根公园。
20世纪初，景观建筑中出现了现代主义运动，强调几何学和功能性。这一时期的代表有德国的巴乌豪斯学派和美国的近代主义，如纽约世界贸易中心广场和华盛顿林肯纪念堂。21世纪，景观设计风格多样，注重可持续性和环保，并且越来越多地融入了科技和数字化元素。
总体来说，西方景观建筑的历史经历了从装饰主义到自然主义再到现代主义的发展，每个时期都有其独特的设计风格和理念。而现在，随着城市化和环境问题的日益突出，景观设计也面临着新的挑战和机遇。
